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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Reduced levels of UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in epidermal keratinocytes of patients with xeroderma pigmentosum and correlation with development of skin neoplasms.

Primary epidermal keratinocytes obtained from 25 patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) (nine with XP-A, one with XP-C, two with XP-D, five with XP-E, and eight with XP-variant) exhibited less UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) than did those from 34 normal subjects. Levels of UDS depended greatly on the type of XP; i.e., 3-17% of the control in XP-A, 14% in XP-C, 33-53% in XP-D, 38-77% in XP-E and 58-98% in XP-variant. The extent of UDS in epidermal keratinocytes was almost the same as that in dermal fibroblasts in XP-C, D, and E, but in three out of eight of the XP-variant the level of UDS in epidermal keratinocytes was significantly lower than that in normal subjects. Clinically, three out of nine XP-A patients developed skin neoplasms before 20 years of age. Both patients with XP-D developed skin neoplasms around 40 years of age. In the five XP-E patients, two developed multiple basal cell epithelioma on sun-exposed areas during the forth decade, and one of them also developed squamous cell carcinoma at the age of 50. Four out of the eight patients with the XP-variant developed various skin neoplasms during their 20s and 30s. These results suggest that a defect in UV-induced UDS in epidermal keratinocytes of XP patients is responsible for skin carcinogenesis and the extent to which this defect occurs tends to relate to the age of onset of skin neoplasms.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Skin neoplasms in general practice].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: General practitioners diagnose and treat benign and malignant skin tumours. We have performed a retrospective study of all skin neoplasms diagnosed in a general practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Information on all skin neoplasms presented in one general practice in 1990-1999 were obtained by retrospective search of notes from 41,601 consultations (electronic files) and a handsearch of the paper-based archives. RESULTS: A total of 568 skin tumours had been diagnosed, i.e. 1.37 tumours per 100 consultations. 60% of the patients were women, median age was 49 years. Nevi, seborrheic keratoses and dermatofibromas were the most frequent diagnoses. 26 malignant skin lesions had been diagnosed, among them 19 basal cell carcinomas and three malignant melanomas. All skin cancers were taken care of at the first consultation, by excision, referral, or an early new appointment for further evaluation. INTERPRETATION: Skin tumours are frequently diagnosed and treated in general practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Prevalence of skin neoplasms among the atomic bomb survivors.

About 7,000 atomic bomb (A-bomb) survivors from Hiroshima and Nagasaki who participate in the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) Adult Health Study (AHS) were examined to define the relationship between skin neoplasms and exposure to ionizing radiation. Careful clinical inspection of the skin was undertaken to detect not only skin cancer but precancerous lesions such as senile keratosis. Five cases of basal cell carcinoma, five cases of senile keratosis and one case of Bowen's disease were confirmed histologically among 5955 A-bomb survivors for whom Dosimetry System 1986 (DS86) dose estimates are available. The relationship between the combined prevalence of skin cancer and precancerous lesions and DS86 dose was examined together with other factors that might affect skin neoplasms including occupational exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays, age, sex and city. The prevalence of basal cell carcinoma and senile keratosis increased as the DS86 dose increased. The prevalence of skin cancer and senile keratosis among persons engaged in work involving frequent exposure to UV rays was higher than among those who were not engaged in such work. Sex and city were not significantly related to those skin diseases. Odds ratios of skin neoplasm for a 1-Gy dose, occupational exposure to UV rays and age at time of examination (in 10-year increments) are 1.7, 5.9 and 1.9, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Merkel cell carcinoma: an aggressive skin neoplasm.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin neoplasm of neuroendocrine origin. To clarify those factors important in improving survival, we retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients with Merkel cell carcinoma treated at two tertiary referral centers. Eighty percent of the patients with stage I disease were initially treated with local therapy alone, while all of the patients with stage II disease were treated with local and regional therapy. The overall survival rate for all patients was 64%. Regardless of stage, patients treated with local excision alone had a 52% 5-year survival rate, while patients treated with local excision and lymph node dissection had an 87% survival rate. We conclude that the aggressive nature of this tumor warrants radical therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Clinical pharmacology of systemic chemotherapeutic agents in skin neoplasms.

Considerable progress recently has been made in the systemic chemotherapy of disseminated skin neoplasms. Several agents are particularly useful in this regard: the nitrosoureas, methotrexate, actinomycin D, and dacarbazine. This paper reviews their pharmacologic disposition in man. The nitrosoureas have short plasma half-lives; however, they are extensively degraded to metabolites that persist in the body, and are only slowly excreted. Highly soluble in lipids, the nitrosoureas penetrate significantly into the central nervous system. Actinomycin D is only minimally metabolized in vivo; its elimination from the plasma shows a prolonged slow phase with a half-life of 36 hours; but its excretion is even slower than expected about 30% in a week. A potent inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, methotrexate exhibits a multiphasic plasma disappearance, and accumulates in tissues with high dihydrofolate reductase activities. At the normal therapeutic dosages, methotrexate is eliminated by the kidneys as the unchanged drug; appropriate dosage modifications are mandatory if renal function is compromised. Dacarbazine has a relatively short plasma half-life, and is rapidly excreted partly as the unchanged drug; it undergoes extensive biotransformation in the body. Like other antitumor agents, these drugs may cause gastrointestinal toxicities and myelosuppression; in addition each drug can have its own individual organ toxicity.

Antineoplastic Agents↗