PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Social Behavior--cost”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Cognitive changes in decision making process underlying prosocial behavior].

Using a method of monitoring information acquisition, 76 subjects were instructed to simulate the information search process in which they selected a behavior from available behavioral alternatives which were expected to occur in a situation where donating behavior was needed. In order to measure the cognitive changes, they were asked to rate the importance of behavioral attributes both before and after the decision task. After the decision task, they were asked to rate the inner states. (1) Defensive cognitive changes were found which increased the importance of behavioral costs and decreased the importance of personal moral obligation feelings. This pattern of changes was consistent with the Schwartz & Howard model (1981, 1982, 1984). (2) The defensive cognitive changes were related to the information search strategies. This pattern of relationship partly confirmed the prediction derived from the Schwartz & Howard model (1981, 1982, 1984). (3) The result that the cognitive changes were not related to the inner states was inconsistent with the model of either Piliavin, Dovidio, Gaertner, & Clark (1981, 1982) or Schwartz & Howard (1981, 1982, 1984). An alternative model was proposed and discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Citizen participation in the decision-making activities of formal social service agencies: an unreasonable goal?

In the past, attempts by social service agencies to include nonprofessional area residents in program planning and policy-making activities have met with little success. Such failures may be due in part to mistrust and a feeling that the agencies and their programs have little relevance to the problems faced by most people. Perhaps an alternative way of developing resident participation in community action programs would be to move the planning and decision-making process away from the trained experts associated with formal institutions to the residents within the neighborhoods themselves. The people living within a defined community would decide which problems they wish to address, and then use resources available within the community to solve them.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1974

The health care industry: current issues and concerns.

In order to meet growing demands for health service with improved access, cost controls, and increased productivity, it will be necessary to reorder the current system of providing these services. It should be remembered that: (1) Health must remain high on the scale of social, political, and economic priorities. (2) New money alone will not guarantee either capacity or effectiveness of the current health system. (3) Health care is too often delivered at the time and place and in a way convenient to the provider rather than the consumer. (4) Man power production for the health industry must adapt new modes of training and licensure in order to provide more flexible use of valuable human resources. (5) Resourse allocation should be the central responsibility of areawide and state comprehensive health planning agencies. (6) The consumer must play a stronger role in decision making and be provided a greater range of choices among alternative forms of health services. This decision-making power together with enough information to make the purchase of health care a maningful decision may lead to some new questions pertaining to health care.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed1984

Repair of the groin hernia. Outpatient approach with local anesthesia.

The outpatient and local anesthesia approach to the repair of groin hernias has proved to be safe, effective, and less expensive, and is favored by patients. This approach reduces the surgeon's workload. In this era of increasing social pressures to reduce medical care costs--seemingly regardless of the effect on quality of care--the outpatient, local anesthesia approach should become the surgeons's preferred approach to the repair of groin hernias.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Patient predictors of hospice choice. Hospital versus home care programs.

Research findings indicate cost savings associated with home care hospices, while hospital-based hospices can be as expensive as conventional care. Based on National Hospice Study data, this article identifies the characteristics of patients admitted to hospital-based and home care hospices in those areas of the country where a choice of hospice model was possible. Multivariate logistic regression indicates that the significant discriminating factors between the two patient populations relate to the availability of supportive care at home and the severity of nursing care problems at the time of hospice entry. Reinforcing selected pre-existing differences, an examination of prehospice had longer episodes of care than was the case for home care hospice patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

Defining and measuring stabilization of patients during 4 years of intensive community support.

The first 4 years of an intensive community support program were evaluated in terms of key variables of patient stabilization. Patients (N = 196) had previously demonstrated an inability to manage themselves without repeated and/or lengthy hospitalizations. During program participation, there were significant reductions in hospital days and events (80%), jail incarcerations and charges, billings per patient, and stressful events. Patients reported increased satisfaction both with their lives and the program. The results support the value of continued multidimensional and multimethod examinations of patient stabilization.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1987

Foster home care for the frail elderly as an alternative to nursing home care: an experimental evaluation.

This paper describes a program (Community Care Program) in which some elderly hospital patients who were candidates for nursing home placement were placed in foster homes. Caregivers were carefully trained and supervised. A total of 112 elderly inpatients were randomly assigned to placement in a nursing home or a foster care home. Patients and caregivers were interviewed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after placement. Community Care Program patients were more likely to maintain or improve ADL (activities of daily living) and mental status scores. They also had better nursing outcomes and were more likely to get out of the house than were nursing home patients. Nursing home patients had higher life satisfaction, and participated in more social and recreational activities. The Community Care Program was 17 per cent less costly than nursing home care. The results suggest that foster care may be a viable alternative for a segment of the nursing home population.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A school-based smoking prevention program for adolescent girls in New York City.

Teenaged girls comprise the largest percentage of new cigarette smokers in the United States today. Factors contributing to smoking initiation include peer pressure, family and social influences, cigarette availability, and cigarette advertising. Because three-quarters of smokers become dependent on cigarettes by age 20, smoking prevention programs aimed at the adolescent population have great potential. The proposed program outlined is directed at girls 12 to 18 years of age in New York City. Among the objectives are increasing students' knowledge of the short- and long-term health effects of smoking and awareness of the social factors which lead to smoking. Participants would be taught social skills and behaviors which could help them to resist initiating smoking, by such activities as assertiveness training through role playing. Endurance sports activities would be emphasized while learning of the effects of smoking on physical conditioning. The costs of such a program are estimated, and classroom activities are outlined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Health care cost-containment regulation: prospects and an alternative.

Regulation of the health care system to achieve appropriate containment of overall costs is characterized by Professor Havighurst as requiring public officials to engage, directly or indirectly, in the rationing of medical services. This rationing function is seen by the author as peculiarly difficult for political institutions to perform, given the public's expectations and the symbolic importance of health care. An effort on the part of regulators to shift the rationing burden to providers is detected, as is a trend toward increasingly arbitrary regulation, designed to minimize regulators' confrontations with sensitive issues. Irrationality and ignorance are found to plague regulatory decision making on health-related issues, even though it is the consumer who is usually thought to suffer most from these disabilities. The author argues that consumer choice under some cost constraints is a preferable mechanism for allocating resources because it better reflects individuals' subjective preferences, has a greater capacity for facing trade-offs realistically, and can better contend with professional dominance of the resource allocation process. In view of the unlikelihood of regulation that is both sensitive and effective in containing costs, the author proposes that we rely primarily on consumer incentives to reform the system. A simple change in the tax treatment of health insurance or other health plan premiums, to strengthen consumers' interest in cost containment while also subsidizing needy consumers, is advocated. Steps to improve opportunities for innovation in cost containment by health insurers, HMOs, and other actors are outlined briefly.

Choice Behavior↗