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PubMed1981

Social development and feeding milestones of young Down syndrome children.

During an interdisciplinary longitudinal study, the social development and mastery of feeding skills of 89 young Down syndrome children were investigated. Sex, cardiac status, and muscle tone of subjects and parental follow-through data were examined for potential influence on Vineland Social Maturity Scale scores and on a selected subset of feeding milestones. The revealed that young Down syndrome children attained significantly higher scores on the Vineland and achieved most feeding milestones much earlier if they had no or only mild congenital heart disease, if their parents followed-through appropriately with furnished guidance, and if they had "good" muscle tone.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1984

Role of vision in social development in monkeys.

8 stump-tailed macaques were reared individually and either given all of their daily social experience in darkness (dark group) or given half their social experience in the dark and half in the light (controls). The dark group showed almost no aggressive behavior and less play than controls. Later, when all were tested in the light, the dark group were still less aggressive. Controls were less aggressive in the dark than in the light. There was no difference between the two groups in the form of the dominance hierarchy or the strength of preferences for social partners. This suggests that vision is especially important in the maintenance of assertive behaviors and in the instigation and the direction of aggressive behaviors, but relatively less important in other areas of social development.

Aggression↗
PubMedDate not supplied

War trauma, psycho-social projects and social development in Croatia.

This article looks at the ways in which concepts of 'war trauma' and 'post-traumatic stress disorder' are being used within 'psycho-social projects' in Croatia, in the context of the wars of the Yugoslav succession and consequent large-scale forced migration. Psycho-social discourses are addressed critically, both in terms of their internal consistency and problems relating to the wider social and political context. The authors suggest the importance of 'social development projects' as an alternative to those projects which rely on narrow psycho-social interventions.

Croatia↗
PubMed1991

[Fund for social development of regional health care coalitions in the conditions of collective bargaining].

The introduction of economic incentives, the utilization of a fund for social development of institutions considerably increased the intensification of labour, improved health care indicators and the accessibility of health care for the population. The expedient form of work appeared to be collective bargaining which considerably expanded the rights of the leader and collective. ++ Interdepartmental cost-accountable relations with the future introduction of ++intra-structural cost-accountable relations is a prospective form of health services administration and management.

Collective Bargaining↗
PubMed1989

Effect of chronic neonatal morphine and naloxone on sensorimotor and social development of young rats.

Chronic morphine treatment of newborn Long-Evans rat pups between 3-26 days of age (thrice daily starting with 0.5 mg/kg, increased daily by 0.5 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg) led to lags of 1 to 3 days in physical development (body weights and eye opening times) and motor coordination (catalepsy test, grasping, swimming). Chronic naloxone treatment (5 mg/kg administered thrice daily from day 3-26), in contrast, led to modest gains in development on a number of measures (body weights, vaginal opening). Morphine animals also lagged behind controls and naloxone-tested animals in social behaviors, such as homing and play. Chronic naloxone did not block or retard social development; in fact naloxone-treated animals exhibited more rapid acquisition of homing behavior than controls.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biological, psychological and social development and the occurrence of depressive disorders in children and adolescents].

The aim of the epidemiologic studies on depression in children and adolescents is to elucidate the nature of the disorder, in particular to verify the hypothesis of the dependence between the nature of adolescence and the occurrence of depression. Subjects with depressive features were identified from the representative sample of junior-school population, as well as from the early- and middle adolescents. The data regarding the course of the development of depressive and non-depressive probands obtained from parents interview were compared. Significant differences were found in the course of the development of depressive and non-depressive children as well as probands in the middle phase of the adolescence. There were no specific features in the course of the development in juvenile patients with the onset of depression in the early adolescence phase. Therefore, depression is more frequent among children in whom the early biological and social development is more disturbed. The infantile central nervous system's damage causes higher risk for depression in childhood. Depression in the early adolescence phase may be recognized as a specific developmental reaction, possibly connected with psychoendocrinologic puberty crisis. The onset of depression in the middle adolescent phase is connected with the difficulties of realization of developmental tasks. The infantile central nervous system's damage increases the risk for depression in that particular phase of life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Social development of epileptic children and adolescents].

A report is given on 162 cases (90 men, 72 women) ranging in age from 22-27 years, where the course of the disease, school performance, integration into professional life and social achievement has been followed over periods between 10 and 20 years. Of these patients 60 percent are free from attacks, and half of them have been for more than 10 years. Among those still suffering from attacks the great majority have psychomotor and combined fits. One quarter of the patients experienced a change in the type of attack in the course of the disease. The school performance and professional achievement of the patients are viewed in relation to the type of attack, duration of the disease and the period of freedom from attacks, and discussed. About 75 percent of the group had had satisfactory achievements at school and experienced smooth integration into working life, but only half of this percentage were still working in the occupation for which they were trained at the time of a follow-up examination. About 10 percent had to take up some other employment on account of the disease, whereas the rest gave various reasons. Social development was favorable for the majority of the patients. More than half of the women and one third of the men have married in the meantime. The crime rate was 3 percent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Adolescence, social development, and psychotherapy.

Based on a clinical theory that guides an interpersonal approach to adolescent psychotherapy, the author advances the proposal that there is a developmental sequence of the capacity for relatedness from early to late adolescence: from a stage of Detachment in Relatedness through Disappointment in Relatedness to Mature Relatedness. In this paper, evidence from several broad-based studies of the social development of normal adolescents is presented in support of this proposal. These studies have attempted to track the developmental changes in intimacy, peer conformity, and qualities of friendship.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The impact of high school on social development.

In reviewing the literature on the social impact of high school, six themes were identified: (1) students perceive strong norms for conformity to school rules, (2) the emphasis on conformity and control influences the quality of student/teacher relations which tend to be role bound and inflexible, (3) paths to social status continue to emphasize athletic competence, (4) peer group identification has an impact on social relations within the larger community as well as in the school setting, (5) powerlessness is felt as a result of the authoritarian approach to decision making, and (6) the overall high school environment does not enhance students' beliefs in the Bill of Rights. It was concluded that high school students have limited opportunities for flexible self-definition. As a result of the way they are treated by authority figures and the strong pressures toward conformity, many adolescents fail to learn the extent of their rights or effective strategies for the exercise of power.

Achievement↗
PubMed1991

Export-led growth as a determinant of social development in Costa Rica.

Costa Rica has put considerable effort into the development of education, health care, housing and social security. In order to be sustainable, this process requires that the output of such sectors as agriculture and manufacturing expands over time. The article examines the growth of the Costa Rican economy in a long run perspective, with an emphasis on foreign trade policy. The fate of the Costa Rican economy has been highly dependent on the exports of primary products, mainly coffee and bananas, for more than a century. This, however, has created a very vulnerable economy. As a result, during the 1960s, a new development strategy emerged: production of manufactures for the Central American Common Market (CACM). At the end of the 1970s, the prices of traditional export fell and the CACM more or less collapsed. The Central American economies were thrown into an acute crisis, aggravated by faculty domestic economic policies, which also jeopardized social development. This necessitated a stabilization effort on the one hand, and the development of a new trade strategy--promotion of non-traditional exports--on the other. It would appear that both efforts have been successful, although not without difficulties.

Commerce↗
PubMed1994

Analysis of environmental deprivation: cognitive and social development in Romanian orphans.

The cognitive and social developmental status of a representative group of Romanian orphans between the ages of 23 and 50 months living in the Leagan de Copii in Timisoara, Romania was assessed using a variety of traditional and nontraditional measures. Results indicated that the orphanage sample all exhibited deficits in cognitive and social functioning; the majority were severely delayed. Correlations between the traditional and nontraditional measures indicated that children's delays occurred across domains. Deficits were not related to length of time in the orphanage, age at entrance, Apgar scores, or birthweight. The children's greatest capability was in peer social interaction.

Child, Abandoned↗
PubMed1977

Health: an essential component of long-term economic and social development.

Isolated growth of the economy in a developing country, without due consideration of social aspects, does not necessarily increase the welfare of all its population. In such cases, there will always be a large group with poor education and negligible health care. Health services in these countries should not try to duplicate those of the technologically developed nations and should be more health-oriented than disease-oriented. This entails wider utilization of auxiliary and paramedical personnel and, above all, community involvement. At the same time, the teaching of medicine should be based on the needs of the country rather than try to emulate developed countries' programmes, which can only result in dissatisfaction among physicians and/or in emigration. The Inter-American Development Bank considers that health is a component of long-term economic development; it is therefore fostering and participating in the expansion of rural health services with strong emphasis placed on community participation. In this process health education, both of the public and of local and national authorities, is paramount. Of particular importance is the interaction of health officials and the community itself in order to enlist the rural dweller in spontaneous and active participation that will ensure the success of health programmes.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

[Symbiotic relations and social development].

In order to take the influence of modern societies in the early parent-child relationship into account, the author recommends the conceptual distinction between primary and secondary symbiosis and points out its implications for psychoanalysis.

Humans↗