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PubMed1978

The MEDLINE hardware and software.

The National Library of Medicine's computer system has developed from a second generation computer to the large IBM multiprocessor system that is now used to maintain the MEDLINE file, provide retrieval services, and produce the computer photocomposed products of the NLM. On-line maintenance facilities have been developed for the final steps in the input and file maintenance processes. The retrieval program, ELHILL, and its supporting programs now provide more bibliographic searches than any other system in the world. The photocomposed products, including Index Medicus, are produced through the use of flexible publication programmes which have allowed NIH to use several different photocomposers.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The problems of transferring software: a medical case history.

This paper discusses the problems which arose in the transfer of a Pathology Laboratory data-base system from a CTL Mod 1 computer to a Ferranti Argus 700E computer. Both systems were programmed in CORAL-66. Definition of the analytical tests, the wards and clinics and G.P.'s addresses serviced by the laboratory proved to be a much larger task than had been anticipated. The mirroring of the comparative facilities of the two hardware systems is also described.

Computers↗
PubMed1978

Computer-assisted eye examination. VII. Final evaluation of the refractor. III system for subjective examination after reducing software and hardware errors.

Eighty patient-volunteers were refracted by the computer-assisted Refractor III system and the results were compared with those obtained by the usual manual method. For the distance prescription 95% of the results were satisfactory. For the near add all were satisfactory. Relative validity of the system was also measured objectively by repeatability data. System test differences and test-retest manual-examination data were found comparable, indicating that the validity of the system is similar to that of the manual method. Further developments are expected to improve reliability, simplify maintenance, and extend testing so that the system will be an economical and useful instrument in eye clinics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Three-Dimensional Fracture Mapping of the Terrible Triad of the Elbow: Morphological Characteristics and Clinical Implications.

BACKGROUND: The morphology of fractures in the terrible triad of the elbow (TTE) is complex, and precise management relies on a profound understanding of this morphology. This study aims to systematically analyze, for the first time, the distribution and morphological characteristics of TTE fracture lines using three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology. METHODS: Clinical data and thin-slice CT scans of 112 patients with TTE from January 2021 to December 2024 were retrospectively included. 3D fracture models were reconstructed using Mimics software. Virtual reduction and standardized alignment were performed using 3-matic software. Fracture lines were mapped onto standard ulnar and radial templates, and 3D fracture heat maps were generated using the E-3D software to demonstrate the high-frequency distribution zones of the fracture lines visually. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 21.0, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Continuous variables were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test (&#x3c7;2 test). A two-tailed p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The study revealed distinct patterns in the distribution of TTE fracture lines. In the coronoid process, the fracture "hot zone" presented as an annular high-density band extending from the lateral middle aspect to the tip. In the radial head, an oblique high-density band was observed in the anterolateral quadrant of the articular surface. The radial neck exhibited a circumferential high-density zone, which was most prominent in the anterolateral aspect. Statistical analysis indicated a significant correlation between age and fracture complexity; the proportion of Regan-Morrey type III coronoid fractures and Mason type III radial head fractures was significantly higher in elderly patients (>&#x2009;60&#x2009;years) (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05), suggesting that advanced age is a significant risk factor for complex fractures. CONCLUSION: This study is the first to visually reveal the Collaborative Distribution Patterns of TTE fracture lines using 3D fracture mapping technology. This model provides morphological evidence for understanding the injury mechanism of TTE and offers an anatomical framework that may assist surgeons in individualizing surgical approaches and fixation strategies.

Humans↗
PubMed2025

Molecular Identification and Genotyping of Blastocystis Spp. In Children with Clinical Symptoms in Southeast Iran Using PCR-Sequencing Method.

Blastocystis spp. is a zoonotic anaerobic parasite that has been identified in the large intestine of humans and many vertebrates. It is predominantly encountered in individuals with frequent contact with animals. The present study aims to identify the prevalence of Blastocystis spp. and its common genotypes in children with clinical symptoms of diarrhea in the city of Zahedan, located in the southeast of Iran. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 60 children under ten years of age with gastrointestinal symptoms, especially diarrhea. Following the collection of samples, stool samples were subjected to direct stool testing for the initial diagnosis. Following this, a microscopic diagnosis was made, after which DNA was extracted and a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test with a small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene target was performed. The PCR products were then purified and sequenced. The resulting nucleotide sequences were then subjected to a thorough review using Chromas biotechnology software version 2.4 and CLC genomic work bench software 11. The alignment of the nucleotide sequences was subsequently facilitated by utilizing the BLAST database, and these sequences were then compared with the reference genotypes of Blastocystis spp. that are stored within the gene bank. The genotyping of the sequences was conducted using CLC genomic work bench software 11, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA7 software with the Neighbor-Joining statistical method, which applied the Kimura 2-parameter method. Out of the 60 cases that were examined, 5 children (8.33%) were found to be positive by direct microscopic and PCR tests, where a 500 (479) bp fragment in the SSU-rRNA target was detected. Subsequent genetic analysis identified four distinct subtypes, including subtypes 1, 2, 3, and 5. The percentage of nucleotide identity with the sequences in the gene bank was found to be between 93 and 100%. Given the presence of subtypes 3 and 5 in the study and the evidence of their zoonotic nature, it can be concluded that examining parasite dynamics and epidemiological principles can be effective in the control strategy.

Blastocystis↗
PubMed2024

A corpus of GA4GH phenopackets: Case-level phenotyping for genomic diagnostics and discovery.

The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) Phenopacket Schema was released in 2022 and approved by ISO as a standard for sharing clinical and genomic information about an individual, including phenotypic descriptions, numerical measurements, genetic information, diagnoses, and treatments. A phenopacket can be used as an input file for software that supports phenotype-driven genomic diagnostics and for algorithms that facilitate patient classification and stratification for identifying new diseases and treatments. There has been a great need for a collection of phenopackets to test software pipelines and algorithms. Here, we present Phenopacket Store. Phenopacket Store v.0.1.19 includes 6,668 phenopackets representing 475 Mendelian and chromosomal diseases associated with 423 genes and 3,834 unique pathogenic alleles curated from 959 different publications. This represents the first large-scale collection of case-level, standardized phenotypic information derived from case reports in the literature with detailed descriptions of the clinical data and will be useful for many purposes, including the development and testing of software for prioritizing genes and diseases in diagnostic genomics, machine learning analysis of clinical phenotype data, patient stratification, and genotype-phenotype correlations. This corpus also provides best-practice examples for curating literature-derived data using the GA4GH Phenopacket Schema.

Humans↗