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PubMed1987

The determination of Al, Cr, Co, Fe, and Ni in whole blood by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

Procedures for the determination of aluminum, chromium, cobalt, nickel, and iron in whole blood are presented and discussed. Chromium, cobalt, nickel, and iron were determined from one sample after decomposition of the blood with a mixture of nitric and perchloric acids. A graphite furnace was used for the determination of chromium, cobalt and nickel, and flame AAS was used for iron. The determination of Al was done from separate samples by GFAAS after dilution with 1% Triton TX-100. The normal concentration of these elements was measured in rabbit and dog blood.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1977

[Extraction method for the simultaneous determination of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc and manganese in organic material using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (author's transl)].

Determination of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, and manganese in organic material is possible with one digestion using the described extraction method. Data for sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and manganese agree well with those obtained by conventional methods [1, 2, 4]. For quantitative determination of copper and zink the extraction method is superior to dry ashing at 450 degrees C [1, 4]. In general the extraction method ist preferable to dry assing, because the amount of sample, time and costs can be reduced essentially using the described method.

Calcium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Iron in granulocytes of nephrotic patients determined by Zeeman electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

One of the major threats to patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis is an increased susceptibility to infections caused by microorganisms, among which Yersinia or Listeria are frequently recovered. In patients receiving hemodialysis, iron overload owing to multiple transfusions plays an important role in the mechanisms underlying the susceptibility to bacterial infections, partially mediated by impaired neutrophil function. In order to assess the true role of iron at the cellular level, an AAS method was developed to measure the iron content of granulocytes. Iron levels in the granulocytes were determined in an apparently healthy population and in a population of iron-overloaded renal hemodialysis patients. Granulocytes were isolated by a method modified from Böyum. The analyses were performed using pyrocoated graphite tubes, and in one of the char steps, oxygen was used to facilitate ashing. The mean iron level found in the granulocytes from apparently normal persons was 4.07 fg/cell (n = 17) with a CV of 44%; the mean value for the dialysis patient group was 4.59 fg/cell (n = 8) with a CV of 37%. There was no significant difference between the two groups, p = 0.70.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Factors affecting the determination of total mercury in biological samples by continuous-flow cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

The acidic reduction of Hg using a continuous-flow analytical system was evaluated. With 25% SnCl2 as the reductant, characteristic concentrations (sensitivities) of 0.44 microgram/L (open cell) and 0.29 microgram/L (flow-through cell) were obtained using inorganic Hg2+ standards in 1.5% HCl. When CH3Hg+ standards were used, absorption signals were an order of magnitude lower, indicating that Sn(II) is incapable of producing Hg degree from organic Hg in this acidic reduction system. Addition of CdCl2 to the SnCl2 reductant, as suggested by Magos (1) for the reduction of organomercurials under alkaline conditions, was without beneficial effect. Similarly, combining Sn with another reducing agent (hydroxylamine hydrochloride), or a strong alkaline solution (40% NaOH), in the reaction coil of the flow-through system did not significantly enhance the Hg absorption signal for either inorganic or organic Hg. Recovery of Hg from spiked liver homogenates digested at 70-80 degrees C using a HNO3/H2SO4/HCl procedure and stabilized with 0.5 mM K2Cr2O7 was > 85% using either inorganic Hg2+ or CH3Hg+, indicating that this digestion procedure successfully breaks the C-Hg bond to form readily reducible Hg species. Using L-cysteine to stabilize standards of inorganic Hg2+ in HCl caused significant depressions of the Hg absorption signal at L-cysteine concentrations > 0.001% (approximately 0.5 mM); 0.1% L-cysteine caused total suppression of the Hg signal. These results indicate that: (1) acidic reduction of Hg by Sn in this continuous-flow system requires breakdown of organomercurials prior to analysis; (2) tissue digestion using HNO3/H2SO4/HCl followed by the addition of K2Cr2O7 to stabilize Hg2+ achieves this breakdown and allows good recovery of total Hg; and (3) use of L-cysteine to complex and prevent losses of Hg should be avoided in systems using acidic reduction of Hg. Concentrations of endogenous tissue sulfhydryls are generally lower than those associated with depressed absorbance signals during the acidic reduction of Hg.

Animals↗