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27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Shot noise by quantum scattering in chaotic cavities.

We have experimentally studied shot noise of chaotic cavities defined by two quantum point contacts in series. The cavity noise is determined as (1/4)2e/I/ in agreement with theory and can be well distinguished from other contributions to noise generated at the contacts. Subsequently, we have found that cavity noise decreases if one of the contacts is further opened and reaches nearly zero for a highly asymmetric cavity. Heating inside the cavity due to electron-electron interaction can slightly enhance the noise of large cavities and is also discussed quantitatively.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Identification of metabolites of [1,2,3-(13)C]Propargyl alcohol in mouse urine by (13)C NMR and mass spectrometry and comparison to rat.

Species differences in the metabolism of acetylenic compounds commonly used in the formulation of pharmaceuticals and pesticides have not been investigated. To better understand the in vivo reactivity of this bond, the metabolism of propargyl alcohol (PA), 2-propyn-1-ol, was examined in rats and mice. An earlier study (Banijamali, A. R.; Xu, Y.; Strunk, R. J.; Gay, M. H.; Ellis, M. C.; Putterman, G. J. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1999, 47, 1717-1729) in rats revealed that PA undergoes extensive metabolism primarily via glutathione conjugation. The current research describes the metabolism of PA in CD-1 mice and compares results for the mice to those obtained for rats. [1,2,3-(13)C;2,3-(14)C]PA was administered orally to the mice. Approximately 60% of the dose was excreted in urine by 96 h. Metabolites were identified, directly, in whole urine by 1- and 2-D (13)C NMR and HPLC/MS and by comparison with the available reference compounds. The proposed metabolic pathway involves glucuronide conjugation of PA to form 2-propyn-1-ol-glucuronide as well as oxidation of PA to the proposed intermediate 2-propynal. The aldehyde undergoes conjugation with glutathione followed by further metabolism to yield as final products 3,3-bis[(2-acetylamino-2-carboxyethyl)thio]-1-propanol, 3-[(2-acetylamino-2-carboxyethyl)thio]-3-[(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)thi o]-1-propanol, 3,3-bis[(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)thio]-1-propanol, 3-[(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)thio]-2-propenoic acid, and 3-[(2-formylamino-2-carboxyethyl)thio]-2-propenoic acid. A small portion of 2-propynal is also oxidized to result in the excretion of 2-propynoic acid. On the basis of urinary metabolite data, qualitative and quantitative differences are noted between rats and mice in the formation of the glucuronide conjugate of PA and in the formation of 2-propynoic acid and metabolites derived from glutathione. These metabolites represent further variation on glutathione metabolism following its addition to the carbon-carbon triple bond compared to those described for the rat.

Alkynes↗
PubMed1999

Autonomic nervous system tone measured by baroreflex sensitivity is depressed in patients with end-stage liver disease.

OBJECTIVES: Chronic liver disease is often associated with impairment of autonomic nervous system (ANS) reflexes. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) testing is an inexpensive, relatively noninvasive test that can be used to assess ANS tone. The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of ANS dysfunction in cirrhotics who are being considered for liver transplantation and to explore the potential use of BRS as a prognostic tool in identifying patients awaiting transplantation who are at increased risk for death. METHODS: We studied nine cirrhotics who were awaiting liver transplantation and seven controls without liver disease. BRS (ms/mm Hg) was measured using the phenylephrine method. RESULTS: BRS (mean +/- SEM) (ms/mm Hg) was significantly lower in cirrhotics compared with controls (4.2 +/- 0.9 vs 21.1 +/- 3.8 ms/mm Hg; p < 0.05). Furthermore, BRS was lower in cirrhotics with hepatic encephalopathy compared with those without (2.6 +/- 0.9 vs 6.1 +/- 1.0 ms/mm Hg; p < 0.05) and there was a trend toward lower BRS values in Child-Pugh class C patients as compared with class B (3.8 +/- 1.3 vs 5.3 +/- 1.2 ms/mm Hg; p = 0.3). At follow-up (9 months), one patient had died and one underwent liver transplantation. These two patients also had the most severely impaired vagal tone (BRS = 0 and 1.2 ms/mm Hg, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Vagal tone, as assessed by BRS, is markedly depressed in cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Treatment of dye wastewater containing acid orange II using a cell with three-phase three-dimensional electrode.

The removal of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from simulated dye wastewater containing Acid Orange II was experimentally investigated using coagulation-electrooxidation. Two kinds of coagulation methods, ferrous-mediated coagulation and electrocoagulation were tested as pretreatment. The electrooxidation was carried out in a cell with a three-phase three-dimensional electrode using granular activated carbon as particle electrodes. Particular attention was paid to probe the effect of cell voltage, airflow rate, solution conductivity and treatment time on the electrochemical treatment efficiency. The experimental results showed that the coagulation-electrooxidation process could efficiently remove the color and the COD from the simulated dye wastewater. The overall COD and color removal efficiencies reached as high as 99% and 87%, respectively, by ferrous coagulation (molar rate of Fe(II)/ dye: 0.5) and 30-min electrolysis (cell voltage: 20.0 V and airflow: 0.1 m3 h(-1)).

Azo Compounds↗
PubMed2006

Obstetric litigation is asphyxiating our maternity services.

Obstetric care in the United States, as judged by maternal mortality, neonatal mortality, stillbirth rates, or any other metric, has never been better. Despite this, litigation over "bad outcomes" is threatening the specialty, not only now, but into the future. Despite damage to our specialty, the injured party often benefits little, if at all, from the process. Potential solutions include an emphasis on evidence-based medicine, a qualification and review process for medical experts, and a more rational and fair health court system.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed2004

Transcoronary ablation of septal hypertrophy for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: feasibility, clinical benefit, and short term results in elderly patients.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate symptomatic and haemodynamic results of transcoronary ablation of septal hypertrophy for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in elderly patients. SETTING: Tertiary referral centre for patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. DESIGN: Retrospective study of two groups of consecutive patients divided at a median age (59 years). PATIENTS: Transcoronary ablation of septal hypertrophy was compared for 80 patients (group 1) < 60 years of age and 77 patients (group 2) > or = 60 years of age. At baseline both groups were similar concerning the proportion of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, concomitant moderate hypertension, prior syncope, left ventricular outflow obstruction, left ventricular end diastolic pressure, and left ventricular ejection fraction. Patients in group 2 had a lower interventricular septal thickness and more severe disease as measured by New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, exercise capacity, pulmonary artery mean pressure at workload, and cardiac index at peak exercise. RESULTS: Median follow up was seven months after transcoronary ablation of septal hypertrophy. Both groups had a significant and similar improvement in basal and provokable obstruction, septal thickness, NYHA functional class, exercise tolerance, peak oxygen consumption, and pulmonary artery mean pressure at workload. Significant differences, compared with the younger group, were a higher proportion of persistent total atrioventricular block (5% v 17%, p = 0.015) and a slight decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (3 (12) v -6 (11)%, p = 0.001) in the elderly, despite a trend to a lower induced peak creatine kinase activity (596 (339) v 491 (331) U/l, p = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS: Short term results with transcoronary ablation of septal hypertrophy suggest that independent of a patient's age similar treatment strategies are justified in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Diagnostic performance of whole body dual modality 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging for N- and M-staging of malignant melanoma: experience with 250 consecutive patients.

PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic performance of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) for N- and M-staging of cutaneous melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective and blinded study of 250 consecutive patients (105 women, 145 men; age 58 +/- 16 years) who underwent FDG-PET/CT for staging of cutaneous melanoma at different time points in the course of disease. Whole-body FDG-PET/CT was performed 101 +/- 21 minutes postinjection of 371 +/- 41 MBq FDG. Diagnostic accuracy for N- and M-staging was determined for CT alone, PET alone, and PET/CT. RESULTS: PET/CT detected significantly more visceral and nonvisceral metastases than PET alone and CT alone (98.7%, 88.8%, and 69.7%, respectively). PET/CT imaging thus provided significantly more accurate interpretations regarding overall N- and M-staging than PET alone and CT alone. Overall N- and M-stage was correctly determined by PET/CT in 243 of 250 patients (97.2%; 95% CI, 95.2% to 99.4%) compared with 232 patients (92.8%; 95% CI, 89.6% to 96.0%) by PET, and 197 patients (78.8%; 95% CI, 73.7% to 83.9%) by CT. All differences were significant. Accuracy of PET/CT was significantly higher than that of PET and CT for M-staging (0.98 v 0.93 and 0.84) and significantly higher than that of CT for N-Staging (0.98 v 0.86). Change of treatment according to PET/CT findings occurred in 121 patients (48.4%). CONCLUSION: The diagnostic performance of FDG-PET/CT for N- and M-staging of melanoma patients suggests its use for whole-body tumor staging, especially for detection or exclusion of distant metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Stent implantation as a palliative therapeutic measure in tumor-induced stenoses of the large veins of the body].

PURPOSE: Self-expandable metallic stents were used to treat patients with malignant venous obstructions to determine their effectiveness in producing symptomatic palliation. METHODS: 20 patients with a total of 28 tumour-induced obstructions of the superior vena cava (n = 13), the inferior vena cava (n = 4), the subclavian (n = 4), the innominate (n = 5) and the iliac veins (n = 2) were treated with self-expandable metallic stents. 38 Gianturco stents and 21 Wallstents were applied. Patients were heparinised during the procedure and up to three days afterwards. RESULTS: In all patients correct positioning of the stents was achieved. In 16 patients stent placement resulted in relief of their symptoms. In 8 patients the symptoms completely disappeared without recurrence until death as a result of tumour progression. The follow-up ranged from 10 days to 14 months. In 8 still living patients no re-obstruction occurred (follow-up average three months). In one patient thrombotic stent occlusion occurred 6 days after the procedure; the v. cava superior was reopened again by local urokinase therapy. Three patients finally developed re-occlusion due to tumour progression. In one patient stent placement was complicated by migration of the Gianturco stent one day after stent implantation and reocclusion of the subclavian vein. CONCLUSION: The application of self-expandable metallic stents in patients with malignant venous obstruction is a useful palliative therapy.

Adult↗