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PubMed1979

Effect of inorganic sulfide on the growth and metabolism of Methanosarcina barkeri strain DM.

Minimal growth of Methanosarcina barkeri strain DM occurred when sulfide was omitted fromthe growth medium, and addition of either sodium sulfate or coenzyme M to sulfide-depleted media failed to restore growth. Optimal growth occurred in the presence of 1.25 mM added sulfide, giving a molar growth yield (YCH4) of 4.4 mg (dry weight) of cells per mmol of CH4 produced. Increasing sulfide to 12.5 mM led to decrease in YCH4 (1.9 mg [dry weight]/mmol of CH4), in the specific growth rate and in be intracellular levels of adenosine triphosphate. However, the specific rate of methane production increased. The data suggested that at elevated sulfide levels (12.5 mM) the decrease in YCH4 might be a result of an increase in the relative energy needed for maintnenace and of uncoupling of growth from energy production.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1975

Ligand binding of organic sulfides to microsomal cytochrome P-450.

Octyl methyl-, butyl methyl- and pentamethylene sulfide react with about 50% of oxidized cytochrome P-450 in liver microsomes from phenobarbital-pretreated rats by formation of optical difference spectra with maxima at 435 and 552 nm and concomitant shifts in the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum. Reduction by NADPH or sodium dithionite yielded a Soret absorption band at 449 nm and alpha and beta bands at 573 and 545 nm, respectively. The ligand metyrapone and the substrate n-octane competitively inhibited the formation of these difference spectra and pentamethylene sulfide was a strong competitive inhibitor of the 0-deakylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin. These results indicate a direct ligand binding of the sulfides to cytochrome P-450 with concomitant blocking of the hydrophobic substrate binding site. Some sulfides did not interact as ligands but as substrates, in variation, however, with the source of microsomes.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Hydrogen sulfide intoxication. A case report and discussion of treatment.

The toxicity of hydrogen sulfide is thought to be due primarily to reversible inactivation of the respiratory enzyme, cytochrome oxidase, with resultant inhibition of aerobic metabolism. A patient with severe hydrogen sulfide poisoning and consequent profound metabolic acidosis was treated successfully with nitrites and oxygen. The nitrite-induced methemoglobin, by competitively binding the toxic hydrosulfide anion until detoxified, presumably reactivated and protected cytochrome oxidase and therby aided the patient's recovery by enhancing aerobic metabolism. His rapid recovery adds clinical support to the efficacy of nitrite therapy in sulfide poisoning. Therefore, we recommend that severe cases of sulfide poisoning be treated with nitrite-induced methemoglobinemia in addition to vigorous supportive care.

Accidents, Occupational↗

PubMed1975

Inhalation studies of nickel sulfide in pulmonary carcinogenesis of rats.

Two hundred twenty-six specific pathogenfree male and female F344 rats were exposed to nickel sulfide inhalations for 78 weeks (5 days/wk, 6 hr/day) and observed for an adiditional 30-week period. For the same amount of time, 214 rats were exposed to filtered room air and served as controls. Rats exposed to nickel sulfide showed a significantly higher incidence of pulmonary hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions originating from the bronchial and bronchiloo-alveloar segments. The overall incidence of lung tumors in the animals treated with nickel sulfide was 14 percent compared with 1 percent in the controls. Pulmonary inflammatory reactions were also greatly increased. Injection of an agent (hexachlorotetra-fluorobutane) that induced lung infarction did not increase the proportion of animals having lesions, nor did it alter the type of lesions found in animals exposed to nickel sulfide.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

[Levels of selenium in urine after treatment of pityriasis versicolor with a 1.0% selenium sulfide].

The treatment of pityriasis versicolor by the topical application of selenium sulfide 1% was studied in two groups of patients. Diagnosis and response to therapy was determined by clinical observation. Wood's light fluorescence, and direct microscopic examination. The efficacy of three different therapeutic regimes was studied in one group by the application of the drug to the entire skin for either five minutes, fifteen minutes, or twelve hours for eighteen days. Each method proved equally effective in resolving the infection. Therefore, the cutaneous application of selenium sulfide 1 % for five minutes daily for eighteen days is the recommended treatment for pityriasis versicolor. The percutaneous absorption of selenium sulfide was also studied in another groups who applied the drug to the entire skin for five minutes for eighteen days. Fluorimetric analysis of urinary samples collected on the third and thirteenth days of treatment revealed no significant increase in the excretion of selenium as compared to pretreatment levels. Systemic toxicity was not observed in any of the patients treated. The results suggest that the selenium sulfide is absorbed poorly from the skin and is a safe and effective therapy for pityriasis versicolor.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Detection of volatile sulfide-producing bacteria isolated from poultry-processing plants.

A technique using filter paper strips impregnated with 5-5'-dithiobis-nitrobenzoic acid was developed to allow the detection of bacteria (isolated from poultry-processing environs) which produced volatile sulfides (H2S, CH3SH, [CH3]2S). The technique is preferred to conventional methods in that it allows the detection of volatile organic sulfides in addition to hydrogen sulfide.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Preparation and in vitro antifungal activities of some quinolizidine derived hemiaminals and beta-tert-amino sulfides.

New alpha-thiohemiaminals, 7alpha-phenylthio-7-epideoxynupharidin-6-ol, the diasteriomeric 7beta-phenylthiodeoxy-nupharidin-6-ol, and 3-methyl-3-methylthio-4-hydroxyquinolizidine, were prepared and reduced to the corresponding beta-tert-amino sulfides. The configuration at C-7 of the beta-tert-amino sulfides was determined by observing the direction of the solvent-induced shift of the C-7 methyl proton resonance. The configuration at C-7 of the new alpha-thiohemiaminals was established by correlations with the beta-tert-amino sulfides and confirmed, in the case of the deoxynupharidine derivatives, by circular dichroism and ascertaining the sterochemistry of deuteride incorporation upon sodium borodeuteride reduction of the alpha-thiohemiaminal. The in vitro antifungal activities of six compounds possessing the quinolizidine skeleton, including all the newly synthesized compounds as well as some previously reported ones, and amphotericin B were tested against several human pathogenic fungi. Besides amphotericin B, only the two deoxynupharidine alpha-thiohemiaminals were active, especially against Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis. The observations indicate activity is derived from the 3-furyl group and the functionality from which alpha-thioimmonium ions can be produced.

Antifungal Agents↗

PubMed1978

Sulfide oxidation by spheroplasts of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.

Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is an acidophilic organism important to metal leaching of low-grade ores. The aforementioned importance is related to the ability of the bacterium to oxidize reduced iron and sulfur, principally found in nature as pyrite (FeS2). The present study dealt with sulfide oxidation at low pH values and the involvement of the cell envelope in the process of the inorganic oxidations. Sulfide oxidation was noted in spheroplasts of T. ferrooxidans prepared by enzymatic and chemical treatments and partially purified by differential centrifugation. No enzyme activities were noted in membrane fractions containing enrichments of lipopolysaccharide symbolic of outer membrane material or in membrane vesicles containing (or associated with) higher levels of proteins. Results to date indicate that in an acid milieu the envelope structure containing both the outer membrane and the intact inner cytoplasmic membrane is required for sulfide oxidation.

Cell Membrane↗

PubMed1978

[Effect of sulfide water from natural springs on the properties of Vibrino cholerae].

The authors studied the properties of E1 Tor cholera vibrios isolated from sulfide water of the natural sources. There was demonstrated under experimental and natural conditions the influence of ecological conditions of sulfide water on such vibrio properties as cholerogenicity, sensitivity to diagnostic and typing phages, hemolytic activity and the value of the hemolysin-destructive factor. A short-liver stay of cholera vibrios in sulfide water was accompanied by some reduction of their virulence.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Resonance Raman studies and structure of a sulfide complex of methemerythrin.

The complex of sulfide and methemerythrin has been characterized by resonance Raman spectroscopy. At pH 8.0 the complex contains two irons and one S2- at the active site. The resonance Raman spectrum of the sulfidomethemerythrin complex contains only one vibration, at 444 cm-1. This vibration is assigned to an iron-sulfide stretch. The possibility that sulfidomethemerythrin contains a mu-sulfido bridge. FeIII-S2-FeIII, analogous to the proposed mu-oxo bridge in azidomethemerythrin is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Biologically oriented organic sulfur chemistry. 14. Antiinflammatory properties of some aryl sulfides, sulfoxides, and sulfones.

To extend earlier work, to examine the possibility that certain sulfoxides might serve as counterparts of amines in receptor-site interactions, and to add to the little information available about sulfoxides in medicinal chemistry, sulfoxides were prepared of the general structure XArS(O)C6H4(CHR)nCO2H, together with the sulfides and some of the sulfones. The products were evaluated as antiinflammatory agents by carrageenan-edema inhibition and uv-erythema inhibition. Four of the compounds had activity roughly comparable to aspirin or phenylbutazone in one or the other of these assays (2a-c, 3b). Sulfoxides did not seem especially promising as a class and usually were less active than the corresponding sulfides. The two most interesting compounds in these assays, o-(phenylthio)phenylacetic acid (2b) and its sulfoxide 3b, had no significant activity in adjuvant arthritis. Hydrogen-bonding effects are indicated in certain of the acids by their absence in the corresponding esters.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Electrochemical gas chromatographic detection of hydrogen sulfide at PPM and PPB levels.

An electrochemical detector for gas chromatographic analysis of hydrogen sulfide is described and its operating characteristics are discussed. The detector operation is based upon the measurement of the current when hydrogen sulfide is electrochemically oxidized at a diffusion electrode. The lower detectable limit was 3 X 10(-12) grams H2S, the precision was 0.5% and analysis was achieved within 2 minutes. Accuracy was limited principally by the preparation of calibration samples and the availability of standard reference gas mixtures.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMed1992

Hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan in periodontal pockets.

A sensitive gas chromatographic method was developed to determine the amounts of volatile sulfur compounds in gingival fluid. Hydrogen sulfide was the predominant volatile sulfur compound and was detected in 61 out of 79 studied periodontal pockets. Methyl mercaptan was found in about 20% of the pockets. No other volatile sulfur compounds were detected. The highest concentration of hydrogen sulfide in gingival fluid was 1.9 mmol/liter, and of methyl mercaptan 0.16 mmol/liter.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Genetic and molecular characterization of an Escherichia coli plasmid coding for hydrogen sulfide production and drug resistance.

An H(2)S-producing variant of Escherichia coli (strain 142) isolated from a urinary tract infection was found to be resistant to high levels of tetracycline, ampicillin, streptomycin, and sulfonamide. The H(2)S trait segregated spontaneously at a frequency of 2.5 x 10(-3). No segregation was observed for the drug resistance determinants. Neither ethidium bromide nor acridine orange affected the rate of segregation of the drug resistance determinants or the trait for H(2)S production. Antibiotic resistance and hydrogen sulfide production were conjugally transferred to E. coli K-12 recipients at a frequency of approximately 10(-5) per donor cell. Antibiotic resistance and hydrogen sulfide production were also transduced as a single unit with phage P1L4. Genetic data, based on the segregation of resistance determinants and the H(2)S trait among transconjugant and transductant classes, suggested the presence of two R plasmids. Plasmid DNA was isolated by cesium chloride-ethidium bromide centrifugation. Two plasmid species were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis of purified plasmid DNA, a large molecule of about 80 x 10(6) daltons (designated pSR12) and a small molecular species of approximately 5.5 x 10(6) daltons (designated pSR13). Transformation studies using purified plasmid DNA showed that the large pSR12 plasmid confers resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, and streptomycin and also carries the gene(s) for H(2)S production. The small pSR13 plasmid confers resistance to streptomycin and sulfonamide.

Conjugation, Genetic↗

PubMed1979

Mutagenicity of aminophenyl and nitrophenyl ethers, sulfides, and disulfides.

The mutagenic activity of several aromatic amines and aromatic nitro compounds related to 4,4'-methylenedianiline towards Salmonella typhymurium tester strains TA100 and TA98 was evaluated. The heteroatomic analogs of 4,4'-methylenedianiline which include aminophenyl and nitrophenyl ethers, sulfides and disulfides were assayed in the presence of rat-liver homogenate. The relative mutagenic response of these analogs indicated the following order of activity, --S-- greater than --O-- greater than --CH2--CH2-- greater than or equal to --S--S--. In both tester strains 4-aminophenylsulfone was inactive with and without microsomal activation. The p-nitrophenyl ethers, sulfides and disulfides were relatively strong mutagens without microsomal activation towards TA100. While 4-nitrophenyldisulfide was found to possess significantly different mutagenic activity than 4-nitrothiophenol in TA98, 4-AMINOPHENYl disulfide has similar mutagenic properties to 4-aminothiophenol in both tester straains TA100 and TA98.

Aniline Compounds↗

PubMed2026

Feedstock-specific effects of sulfur-rich vegetable fractions on food waste anaerobic digestion: Sulfide-associated redox perturbation and adaptive microbial reassembly.

Food waste (FW) anaerobic digestion (AD) is strongly affected by feedstock heterogeneity, yet the role of sulfur-rich vegetable fractions remains poorly defined. Here, garlic (GAR), Chinese cabbage (CHC), and cabbage (CAB) were used as representative sulfur-rich vegetables to assess their effects on methane production, redox status, and microbial function during FW AD. At equal volatile solids loading, GAR showed no significant effect, whereas CHC and CAB caused a biphasic response, with delayed methane accumulation and reduced cumulative yield followed by late-stage daily methane production 39.6% and 45.9% higher than the control, respectively. CHC and CAB promoted sulfide accumulation and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the early stage. Elevated ROS levels were associated with lower NADH/NAD+ ratios, reduced electron transport activity, and volatile fatty acid accumulation, collectively indicating a redox-perturbed state characterized by functional decoupling between acidogenesis and methanogenesis. Metagenomic analysis showed that this early disturbance was followed by functional reassembly of the community. Hydrolytic-acidogenic bacteria sustained fermentation, accompanied by enrichment of genes associated with PFOR-Rnf-mediated energy conservation and the ED and oxidative PPP pathways, while methanogenesis shifted toward acetoclastic and methylotrophic routes. Genome-resolved analysis attributed the genomic potential for PFOR-Rnf-mediated energy conservation to Aminobacterium and Defluviitoga MAGs, and showed that Methanosarcina possessed the broadest oxidative stress defense repertoire, supporting its dominance after ROS perturbation. These findings provide a mechanistic framework linking sulfur-rich feedstock heterogeneity to methane-production dynamics, involving sulfide-associated redox perturbation and subsequent microbial functional reassembly.

Energy conservation↗

PubMed1976

Synthesis of aziridinylallylaminophosphine oxides and sulfides as potential adjuvant cancer chemotherapeutic agents.

Bis (1-aziridinyl)(hexahydro-1H-azepin-1-yl)phosphine sulfide, an active anticancer agent with low hematopoietic toxicity in animals and man, was recommended several years ago for breast cancer adjuvant chemotherapy as an alternate drug to thiotepa. This hope had led to the syntheses of aziridinylallylaminophosphine oxides or sulfides (compounds I-XVII) in our laboratories. The resurgent interest in this area of cancer chemotherapy encouraged us to report our synthetic work as well as their evaluation as both anticancer agents and insect chemosterilants. Based on observed antitumor activity in animals, low chemosterilant activity in female species (insects and rats), and histochemical observation of tissue toxicity in rat testes but not in ovaries, these new agents are of potential interest to the breast cancer adjuvant chemotherapy program.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Sulfide silver stainability of a type of bouton in spinal cord motoneuron neuropil: an electron microscopic study with Timm's method for demonstration of heavy metals.

Spinal cord motoneuron neuropil (cervical and lumbar enlargements) has been studied at the ultrastructural level after fixation with glutaraldehyde and staining with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Based on the appearance of the synaptic specializations, different types of boutons were identified and correlated with the classification of bouton types based on osmicated tissue. The sulfide silver method for histochemical demonstration of heavy metals was applied to the same region. The localization of reaction products (silver grains) was predominantly in the terminals. Within the bouton, the grains were mainly in the specialized region of the synaptic contact, and the presynaptic network has also labelled, but to a lesser degree. All stained boutons had the same type of paramembranous synaptic specialization, but not all of the boutons with this type of specialization were stained. The stained boutons are interpreted as a fraction of the 'F' boutons.

Animals↗