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PubMed2005

Granulosa theca cell tumor with luteoma in the ovary of a bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata).

A mass was identified on the left caudal region of the abdomen in a 13-year-old bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata). The mass was excised and diagnosed as granulosa theca cell tumor accompanied with luteoma based on the microscopic findings. Morphologically it appeared pink, round, firm multilobulated measured approximately 5 x 3 x 2.5 cm in dimension. Histologically the luteoma composed of polyhedral cells with pale strained vacuolated cytoplasm, centrally located nuclei with distinct cytoplasmic borders. Granulosa theca cell tumor appeared as densely packed spindle shaped fusiform cells arranged in interlacing bundles and whorled pattern with neoplastic cells appearing irregular shaped solid sheets. The concomitant development of granulosa theca cell tumor with luteoma in a single ovary is very rare and is the first reported case in a bonnet macaque to our knowledge.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Granulosa-cell and theca-cell tumors. The clinical picture and long-term outcome for the Radiumhemmet series.

Over the period 1923--72 a total of 305 patients with granulosa-cell, theca-cell tumor and mixed tumor were seen at Radiumhemmet. The commonest symptom was abnormal uterine bleeding. Twenty-three per cent of married women were nulliparous. The menarche seems to have occurred earlier in this group than in the general population. Eight of the granulosa-cell tumor group gave birth to 12 children after treatment for the tumor. Nineteen women with granulosa-cell tumor and 4 with thecoma had received radiotherapy earlier in life for benign lesions. The risk of endometrial cancer was approximately 10 times greater for the women with granulosa- or theca-cell tumor than for the general population. Two hundred and fifty-two patients were given both surgical treatment and radiotherapy. Fifty-three received only surgery (37 granulosa-cell and 16 theca-cell tumors). None of the thecoma patients but 21 per cent of those with granulosa-cell tumor died from their disease. The 5-year survival for the latter group, all stages, was 85 per cent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Equine granulosa-theca cell tumors express inhibin alpha- and beta A-subunit messenger ribonucleic acids and proteins.

The association of equine granulosa-theca cell tumors with atrophied contralateral ovaries and abnormal estrous cycles suggests that these tumors produce hormones that affect pituitary gonadotropin production. Because inhibin, a heterodimer protein secreted by granulosa cells, decreases FSH production, we examined the presence of inhibin alpha- and beta A-subunits and their mRNAs in ovarian tumors obtained from three mares. These tumors contained neoplastic cords and nodules, multiple fluid-filled cysts, and a predominance of neoplastic granulosa cells. Reduced proteins from tumor-conditioned media were analyzed by electrophoresis and immunoblotting using antibodies directed against peptide fragments of the alpha- and beta A-chains of porcine inhibin. Specific bands at 50-kDa and 36-kDa for the inhibin alpha-subunit and at 44 kDa and 13 kDa for the inhibin beta A-subunit were observed in these tumors. Northern blot hybridization of 32P-labeled rat inhibin alpha- and beta A-subunit complementary RNAs to total RNA from each tumor revealed predominant bands of activity in all three tumors at 1.5 and 7 kb for the alpha- and beta A-subunit mRNAs, respectively. These results demonstrate that equine granulosa-theca cell tumors express the mRNAs for inhibin alpha- and beta A-subunits and also secrete inhibin subunits that could potentially affect gonadotropin production in afflicted mares. Furthermore, cells derived from these tumors may provide a useful model for understanding inhibin gene regulation and ovarian tumorigenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Spontaneous repair of the atrophic contralateral ovary without ovariectomy in the case of a granulosa theca cell tumor (GTCT) affected mare.

A 21 year old thoroughbred mare with granulosa theca cell tumor (GTCT) in the right side and atrophic contralateral ovary was investigated in this study. After arrival at our laboratory on 10th December 1999, the clinical diagnosis of GTCT was examined by rectal palpation and ultrasonographic image of ovaries. Plasma from peripheral blood was collected in the breeding and non-breeding seasons for hormonal analysis. The results showed that the contralateral ovary regained normal activity without any treatment of the GTCT affected ovary and contained follicles showing different sizes 19 months later. However, the affected right ovary, which became smaller after 4 months, was totally inactive without any follicle. The observations clearly demonstrate that without any treatment of the GTCT affected ovary, a mare can return to her normal estrous cycle within a certain period in some GTCT cases.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Localization of inhibin alpha-, betaA- and betaB-subunits and aromatase in ovarian follicles with granulosa theca cell tumor (GTCT) in 6 mares.

To clarify the morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics in mares with granulosa theca cell tumor (GTCT), the localization of inhibin subunits (alpha, betaA, betaB) and aromatase in the granulosa cell layers and theca layers in the ovarian follicles were determined by immunohistochemical staining. The follicles were obtained from the ovaries of 6 mares with GTCT and 4 normal mares as controls. Immunohistochemically, inhibin alpha-subunit was localized in the granulosa cells of all follicles showing different sizes in all GTCT cases and betaA- subunit was localized in two GTCT cases in all sized follicles. But inhibin betaB- subunit and aromatase were not localized in GTCT cases. On the other hand, inhibin alpha-, betaA-, and betaB-subunits and aromatase were localized in the large and medium sized follicles, but inhibin betaA- and betaB-subunits and aromatase were not stained in the small sized follicles in normal cases. These findings suggest that some mares with GTCT can secrete dimeric inhibin (inhibin A), but all GTCT cases cannot secrete inhibin B. By the results of aromatase staining it is clear that testosterone is not converted into estradiol due to the lack of aromatase in the GTCT follicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Granulosa theca cell tumors in premenarchal girls: a clinical and pathologic study of ten cases.

Granulosa theca cell tumor (GTCT) in the premenarche accounted for 7% of all ovarian tumors treated at the Children's Hospital Medical Center from 1928 through 1979. The average age of the ten girls at the time of diagnosis was 5 years (range 11 months-121/2 years) with precocious "pseudopuberty" and an abdominal mass being the most common presentation. GTCTs were solitary (five right, five left) with an average diameter of 12.1 cm. Histologic examination showed a predominantly diffuse or solid pattern with prominent luteinization; Call-Exner bodies and folded ("coffee-bean") nuclei were inconspicuous. Ultrastructural examination of one GTCT confirmed the presence of both granulosa and theca components with the latter showing extensive luteinization; estradiol, testosterone and prolactin were demonstrated in the same tumor using immunologic techniques. The average follow-up time was 21 years with nine of the ten patients being followed for more than ten years. Salpingo-oophorectomy resulted in cures despite the occurrence of tumor spillage in two patients. The prognosis for GTCTs in the premenarche appears more favorable than for those occurring in adulthood, but further study is needed to completely define their full biologic potential; the significance of subsequent breast cancer in two long-term survivors merits further investigation as well.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1980

Granulosa- and theca-cell tumors. Incidence and occurrence of second primary tumors.

An analysis of 936 women with granulosa- and theca-cell tumors reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry between 1958 and 1972 showed crude annual incidence rates for these lesions of 0.72 and 0.74, respectively, pre 100 000 of the female population, unchanged during the period. The age-specific incidence rates, both groups taken together, increased almost linearly from 35 to 69 years. The women displayed an increased risk of developing endometrial carcinoma and malignant lymphoma, possibly also breast, colon and thyroid carcinoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Thecomas and granulosa-theca cell tumors of the ovary: an analysis of 51 tumors,.

A retrospective study of 51 thecomas and granulosa-theca cell tumors of the ovary seen at Confederate Memorial Medical Center in Shreveport, Louisiana, is presented. Endometrial tissue was available for study in 38 of the 51 patients. The relation of these tumors to endometrial morphology suggests an excessive estrogenic stimulation in most cases. The microscopic pattern and degree of pleomorphism was of no value in predicting which tumors would behave in a malignant fashion. The incidence of endometrial malignancy associated with these tumors was only 7.8%, which was less than was anticipated. The addition of irradiation and/or chemotherapy is, in our opinion, difficult to evaluate since many of the women with these tumors die of unrelated causes before a recurrence is evident.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

Dimeric inhibin concentrations in mares with granulosa-theca cell tumors.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether concentrations of dimeric inhibin (CaCA) are greater in plasma and tumor fluid from mares with granulosa-theca cell tumors (GTCT), compared with concentrations in plasma and equine follicular fluid (eFF) from control mares. ANIMALS: 6 mares with GTCT and 12 clinically normal mares. PROCEDURE: The alphabetaA immunoradiometric assay used 2 antibodies, one against each subunit of inhibin (alpha and betaA subunits). Tumor tissue, tumor fluid, and a single blood sample were collected at the time of surgical removal of the GTCT. A single blood sample was collected from 7 control mares during various stages of the estrous cycle. Five other control mares were ovariectomized when their ovaries contained growing follicles of 25 to 35 mm in diameter. A blood sample and eFF from the largest follicle were collected at the time of ovariectomy. RESULTS: Mares with GTCT had significantly greater plasma concentrations of betabetaA (mean +/- SEM, 0.86 +/- 0.53 ng of recombinant human-alphabetaA/ml), compared with control mares (0.14+/-0.02 ng/ml). Concentrations of alphabetaA in tumor fluid and eFF were similar. Concentrations of alphabetaA were significantly lower after ovariectomy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dimeric inhibin concentration was higher in plasma from mares with GTCT than in plasma from control mares. Increased granulosa cell mass and loss of mechanisms regulating alphabetaA release in mares with GTCT likely accounted for the increase in plasma concentrations. Measurement of alphabetaA concentrations may be useful for identifying mares with GTCT.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Theca-cell tumors. Clinical features and prognosis.

During the period 1923 to 1972, 62 women with theca-cell tumors were treated at Radiumhemmet. The mean age at diagnosis was 59.5 years. Concomitant endometrial carcinoma was found in 13 patients. At 1978, after a mean observation time of 15.5 years, 30 patients were alive. No patient died from thecoma. Malignant disease caused death in 7 women. No difference in survival was found between 20 patients and 40 controls matched by age and place of residence.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Pure theca cell tumors. A clinicopathologic study of 29 cases.

From 1976 to 1989, 29 cases of ovarian theca cell tumors were diagnosed at the Pathology Department of our Hospital. Their clinical and histologic features were reviewed. The main presenting symptom in postmenopausal patients was uterine bleeding, whereas in premenopausal women, abdominal swelling and the findings of ultrasonographic examination were the diagnostic keys. Different surgical procedures were the cornestone of treatment, although in 12 cases the indication for surgery was not apparently related to an adnexal condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Serum estradiol as a marker in recurrent granulosa-theca-cell tumor].

A case of a granulosa-theca-cell tumour of the ovary in a 39-year-old woman is reported. Despite benign histology and apparently radical operation, tumor growth relapsed twice before apparent cure. Oestradiol in serum proves valuable as a tumour marker and correlates well with tumour relapse.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Endocrinological changes before and after removal of the granulosa theca cell tumor (GTCT) affected ovary in 6 mares.

To clarify the endocrinological characteristics of the mares with granulosa theca cell tumor (GTCT), peripheral plasma samples from the 6 mares affected with GTCT were collected before and after the surgical removal of the affected ovary. Concentrations of testosterone (T), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), immunoreactive-inhibin (ir-INH), progesterone (P) and estradiol-17beta (E(2)) in the plasma samples were measured by radioimmunoassay. Before removal of GTCT in all cases, the concentrations of T were significantly higher than those of normal mares at the breeding and non-breeding seasons, whereas plasma concentrations of FSH, LH, ir-INH, P and E(2) were lower. After surgical removal of the affected ovary, the circulatory concentrations of T was declined, but the concentrations of other hormones were constantly low as compared with those of normal mares. The present study suggests that 1) the source of higher T may be due to the abnormal follicles in ovary of GTCT, 2) in the case of GTCT the elevated level of T is observed due to the lack of aromatase, and 3) the high level of T is a typical characteristics for GTCT in mares. It is also suggested 4) due to the elevated levels of T the concentrations of gonadotropins may be suppressed.

Animals↗