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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Reversible tooth discoloration during oral use of antibiotics].

From January 1991 until June 1995. 25 cases were reported to the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Foundation LAREB of yellow to brown tooth discoloration following the oral use of medication; 21 cases (84%) involved antibiotics, of which 14 were amoxicillin. 17/21 patients were children, with ages ranging from 1 to 10 years. All children used liquid formulations (suspension or solutabs). Discoloration was reversible in all cases, but had a protracted course in some. Presumably a pigment precipitated on (and not in) the teeth, but the nature of the pigment was uncertain.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2004

Development of methods to enhance extrinsic tooth discoloration for comparison of toothpastes. 1. Studies in vitro.

BACKGROUND: The interaction of chlorhexidine with dietary chromogens to cause extrinsic dental staining has been exploited in vitro and in vivo to study tooth discoloration and its control. These studies in vitro investigated factors that might enhance stain formation, and evaluated formulations to inhibit the stain with the primary aim of devising a protocol for use in vivo. METHOD: The standard method cycled acrylic specimens through saliva, 0.2% chlorhexidine and tea on the hour 8 times per day and stain was measured using a spectrophotometer. Test interventions were 3 "whitening" toothpastes (A, P, R), a fluoride toothpaste (C) and water. In studies 1 and 3 interventions were at 09:00 and 16:00, and in studies 2 and 4 at 09:00 and 13:00. Between cycles, specimens remained dry in studies 1 and 2 and were maintained in water day and night in studies 3 and 4. Studies 5-7 determined the influence of tea temperature, exposure time and concentration, and chlorhexidine temperature and exposure time on stain development. Studies 8-10 modified the standard procedure using tea at triple strength and 50 degrees C, and assessed stain inhibition by toothpastes and water using optical density, colorimetric and visual assessment recordings. RESULTS: In studies 1-4, there were highly significant differences between interventions. Overall, the experimental whitening paste (P) produced the most stain inhibition, and water or the proprietary whitening paste (R), produced the least stain inhibition. More stain inhibition was seen with interventions at 09:00 and 16:00. Both tea concentration and temperature significantly influenced staining. Chlorhexidine temperature did not influence staining. Exposure time to tea and chlorhexidine had a small effect on staining. In studies 8 and 9, interventions at 09:00 and 16:00 were more effective; the most stain inhibition was with paste P and the least with water, paste R being intermediate. In study 10, P was the most effective and R the least effective interventions. CONCLUSIONS: These studies in vitro suggest that the chlorhexidine tea stain model can be manipulated to enhance stain and thereby should improve discrimination between stain inhibition formulations. The timing of interventions in the model appears to be important. These studies in vitro were used to plan a clinical protocol.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2004

Development of methods to enhance extrinsic tooth discoloration for comparison of toothpastes. 2. Two-product clinical study.

BACKGROUND: Extrinsic staining of teeth is considered to be unsightly and a number of 'whitening' toothpastes have been formulated to inhibit or remove such tooth discoloration. The aim of this study was to compare the stain prevention of two toothpastes. METHOD: The study was a single-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover design, balanced for residual effects involving 24 healthy dentate volunteers. The treatments were as follows: (1) a whitening toothpaste product, (2) an experimental toothpaste formulation and (3) water. For each 4-day rinse period, subjects were rendered stain free on the teeth and tongue. Approximately on the hour from 09:00 to 16:00 hours, subjects rinsed with chlorhexidine mouth rinse for 1 min followed by warm black tea for 1 min. The treatment interventions were at 09:00 and 16:00 hours and before the chlorhexidine rinse. The toothpastes were rinsed as 3 g/10 ml water slurries and water as a 10 ml rinse each for 2 min. On day 5, subjects were scored for tooth and tongue stain intensity and area, and the product of these was calculated. The washout period was at least 9 days. RESULTS: Treatment differences for the teeth were highly significant but not for the tongue. Paired contrasts for tooth stain intensity, area and product were mostly all significantly in favour of reduced staining by the experimental formulation compared with water and the whitening product. There were no significant differences between water and the whitening product. CONCLUSIONS: Using a forced dietary staining method, the data support a tooth stain-inhibitory/-removal action for the experimental formulation, but not the whitening product.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

ABO blood group incompatibility and primary tooth discoloration.

A case report of discolored anterior primary teeth is presented. Medical history and clinical findings suggest an etiology of hemolytic anemia and jaundice secondary to ABO blood group incompatibility. There are no previous reports of tooth discoloration resulting from ABO blood group incompatibility.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed2003

Tooth discoloration after treatment with linezolid.

With the increasing frequency of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in immunocompromised hosts, clinicians are increasingly prescribing the oral treatment option of linezolid. Linezolid is the first of a new class of antibiotics, the oxazolidinones. The drug is generally well tolerated. However, mild-to-moderate adverse effects have been reported, such as gastrointestinal effects (most frequent), myelosuppression, skin eruptions, elevated liver enzymes, and tongue discoloration. As with any new drug on the commercial market, not all adverse effects are elucidated during preclinical trials. An immunocompromised 11-year-old girl with cellulitis of the toe experienced tooth discoloration after receiving a 28-day course of linezolid. The discoloration was present on the enamel of her lower anterior teeth and was superficial and reversible with dental cleaning.

Acetamides↗
PubMed1983

Chemical plaque control and prevention of extrinsic tooth discoloration in vivo.

Extrinsic discoloration of teeth has frequently been observed in connection with the use of chemical plaque-preventive agents. Preliminary investigations have indicated that oxidizing peroxymonosulfate may effectively reduce this discoloration without interfering with the plaque-preventive capacity of chlorhexidine. In the present experiment a 0.2% chlorhexidine and a 1% peroxymonosulfate solution were used for oral rinsing in a group of 50 military recruits. A double-blind experimental design was followed. The plaque-preventive capacity of chlorhexidine was maintained, and a marked reduction in extrinsic tooth discoloration could be observed.

Chlorhexidine↗
PubMed1989

[Tooth discoloration possibly caused by medication (tetracycline)].

In this study, the following procedures to remove discoloration were performed, using a modified version of the Walking-Bleach method. 1) The stained dentin was removed as much as possible. 2) Effect of decolarion were enhanced by etching on the dentin. 3) After a desirable color was obtained, total etching and restoration with adhesive composite resin were conducted for strengthening and aesthetic recovery. Tooth discoloration due to tetracycline, 3 subjects in this study, has previously been regarded as difficult to bleach, could be carried out satisfactorily with few appointments. Consequently, this modification of the Walking-Bleach method was considered as one of effective methods.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Tooth discoloration by blood: an in vitro histochemical study.

An in vitro model, using a modification of a technique devised by Freccia & Peters, was developed to investigate tooth staining following pulpal haemorrhage. Samples of whole blood, erythrocytes, plasma and platelet concentrate and saline were individually placed in the pulp chambers of groups of five teeth and centrifuged twice daily for 25 min over a period of 3 consecutive days. This confirmed that the blood pigment responsible for the staining was found only in those samples containing erythrocytes. Teeth stained with packed red cells were then prepared for histological examination and subjected to four histochemical tests: (1) benzidine, (2) zinc leuco, (3) Perl's and (4) Turnbull Blue to analyse some of the biochemical changes following haemorrhage into the pulp chamber. These tests showed that, following haemolysis of erythrocytes within dentine, haemoglobin was found either intact or as one of the haematin molecules with no further breakdown of the haem structure and no evidence of any free ferric ions or haemosiderin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Analysis of deciduous tooth discoloration, before and after liver transplantation].

130 children aged between 5 months and 15 years were orally examined in our Department in view of preparation for hepatic pre-grafts, before being given a graft by Professor J.-B. Otte and his team at the Paediatric Surgery Department. 70% of these children age from 5 months to 3 years. We report here two cases of dysplasia and dyschromia, observable in young children, which appear to us to be particularly convincing.

Adolescent↗