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PubMedDate not supplied

APA summit on medical student education task force on informatics and technology: steps to enhance the use of technology in education through faculty development, funding and change management.

OBJECTIVE: This article provides an overview of how trainees, faculty, and institutions use technology for acquiring knowledge, skills, and attitudes for practicing modern medicine. METHOD: The authors reviewed the literature on medical education, technology, and change, and identify the key themes and make recommendations for implementing technology in medical education. RESULTS: Administrators and faculty should initially assess their own competencies with technology and then develop a variety of teaching methods that use technology to improve their curricula. Programs should decrease the general knowledge-based content of curricula and increase the use of technology for learning skills. For programs to be successful, they must address faculty development, change management, and funding. CONCLUSIONS: Willingness for change, collaboration, and leadership at all levels are essential factors for successfully implementing technology.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed2004

The Office of Advanced Technology: providing focus on the piloting and implementation of new technology.

Rarely does an organization have the luxury of employing full-time staff whose sole purpose is to seek out, select, pilot, and recommend new technology. If such an effort is not a dedicated activity, an organization will have a hard time keeping abreast of technological development with an eye towards successful deployment to the benefit of the business. This paper summarizes the role and activities of the Office of Advanced Technology (OAT) at the Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, AZ. The OAT has been in existence since 2001 and is staffed on a part-time basis by three individuals: a member of the physician consulting staff, a nurse informaticist, and a member of the allied health Information Technology staff. The office has successfully conducted pilot projects in several new technology areas, advocating the adoption of some technologies and deferring on others. Moreover, they have been instrumental serving as a spokesperson and single point of contact for all new technology initiatives of this multi-specialty practice.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed2004

Integrated office technology: how technology can help improve office efficiency.

BACKGROUND: While innovation in the technology industry has produced ever more advanced equipment specifically for dentistry, it is important to understand how these advances actually improve internal operations in a dental practice. OVERVIEW: The overall trend in general industry in the United States is to use technology as an instrument in enhancing productivity, and dentistry is no exception. This increased use of technology does not necessarily threaten the dentist/patient relationship. While the benefits of technology in dentistry are real, costs are not limited to just the price of the equipment itself. Each technology purchase should be evaluated on the basis of a thorough cost-benefit analysis. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Though dentistry is essentially a personal service, selective use of technology can benefit patient care as well as contain costs. Dentists should consider technology as a partner in their practices.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1991

Guidelines for medical technology in critical care. Technology Subcommittee of the Working Group on Critical Care, Ontario Ministry of Health.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the current status of technology in critical care medicine and to present guidelines for technologies commonly used in Ontario critical care units. DATA SOURCES: A computerized search of the medical literature, interviews with relevant people and a review of existing guidelines or standards were conducted. STUDY SELECTION: Nonrandomized trials and retrospective reviews were included because of a paucity of prospective randomized controlled trials. DATA EXTRACTION: Technologies were assessed by individual committee members. The validity of the technologies was compared with accepted standards when available. All published clinical data were used to assess efficacy. DATA SYNTHESIS: After review of the data, discussion papers on ventilation, and electrocardiographic, hemodynamic and intracranial pressure monitoring were written by committee members and then reviewed by the subcommittee as a whole. For each technology an attempt was made to match need with the patient classifications of the Working Group on Critical Care. Critical care guidelines were then developed through the use of the nominal group and Delphi consensus-gathering techniques. The guidelines were reviewed by external experts. CONCLUSIONS: These guidelines should help in assessing quality assurance and the resources necessary for critical care. Also, they should enable health care providers and hospital administrators to make better decisions when acquiring critical care technology. Since the guidelines represent the current state of knowledge there must be a continuing assessment of the technology and review of the guidelines.

Critical Care↗
PubMed1997

Technological stress: psychophysiological aspects of working with modern information technology.

There is rapid technological transformation occurring in both work and social life. The results of information technology, such as mobile telephones, computers, and electronic networks, have been looked upon as the key to solving several of the most pressing problems of the Western world. At the same time, numerous studies have shown that the great majority of computerization projects fail to meet their deadlines with the originally specified functionality mainly because human factors are not sufficiently taken into account during the planning and implementation phase of the project. In a study of the bodily, mental, and psychophysiological reactions of employees involved in the design of advanced telecommunications systems and of office employees using regular video display technology, several stress-related psychosomatic disorders have been identified. They include sleep disturbances, psychophysiological stress and somatic complaints. Controlled intervention programs aimed at enhancing organizational structures and individual coping strategies have been proved effective in counteracting the negative effects of working with information technology. The two-way interaction between the external information technology environment and bodily and mental reactions needs to be taken more into account in the design and use of modern information technology. There appears to be an increased awareness of human aspects when the risks and benefits of the rapid spread of information technologies are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Medical technologies in developing countries: issues of technology development, transfer, diffusion and use.

The difficulties experienced in transfer of medical technology to developing countries are aggravated by partial and incomplete understanding of the cultural, social, economic, and institutional factors affecting technology development, transfer, dissemination and use. In this paper, it is argued that a more dynamic and comprehensive approach is needed for the analysis of these factors. Such an approach would provide the basis for linking existing information stemming from partial analyses of problems related to individual users, the health services or systems, and the technology itself. The starting point of any comprehensive analysis must be the structure of the society in which the technology is to be used. The value of a comprehensive analytical approach is illustrated by discussion of a medical technology still under development, a vaccine against malaria. This discussion further indicates that consideration of cultural, social, economic, and institutional factors in the developmental phases of a technology can contribute to ensuring acceptability and sustainability of the technology under the multifaceted conditions in which it is to be used.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed2001

Putting technology to work: Users' perspective on integrating assistive technology into the workplace.

This qualitative study examined the experiences of people with disabilities who use assistive technology in open employment. This study aims to describe and understand the factors the participants perceived as important in integrating technology into the workplace, as well as the barriers encountered in the process. Fifteen people with a range of acquired and congenital disabilities as well as their employers (8) or co-workers (4) were interviewed. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed. Nud*ist Version 4(R) was used for data management. Emergent themes related to the integration of assistive technology were software compatibility, Information Technology (IT) and product support, and the interaction between technology and the work environment. Participants also reported on the impact of technology on their performance and comfort at work, as well as dealing with people and processes in the workplace. By identifying the issues and support strategies for technology users in the workplace, appropriate measures can be implemented to ensure that the spirit of disability discrimination legislation is realized.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Comparison of low-technology and high-technology monitoring of clomiphene citrate ovulation induction.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether newer monitoring techniques, including urinary detection of the LH surge and vaginal ultrasound, offer an advantage over basal body temperature (BBT) charts alone in achieving pregnancy using clomiphene citrate (CC). DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Infertility patients in an academic research environment. PATIENT(S): Forty-five women undergoing ovulation induction with CC. INTERVENTION(S): The women were assigned randomly to receive either low- or high-technology ovulation monitoring for a total of 3 ovulatory cycles. Both groups were followed with BBT charts. The high-technology group also was monitored with urinary LH kits and vaginal ultrasound. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Cycle fecundity rates for each technique were compared statistically with use of life-table analysis. RESULT(S): Forty-five patients were studied during a total of 134 cycles. The overall cycle fecundity rate was 8%, 10% (8 of 81 cycles) for the low-technology monitoring group and 6% (3 of 53 cycles) for the high-technology monitoring group. These rates were not statistically significant when evaluated by Fisher's exact test (P = .53) or when using life-table analysis and a log-rank test (P = .48). CONCLUSION(S): These data suggest that, for initial attempts at ovulation induction with CC in unselected patients, high-technology monitoring of ovulation offers no increase in fecundity over low-technology monitoring.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Transferring technology toward the European assistive technology industry: mechanisms and implications.

This paper considers the need, conditions and mechanisms for successful technology transfer toward the European assistive technology industry. The discussion reveals the role of nonprofit institutions in initiating and sustaining a reasonable level of technology transfer since the industry is not likely to achieve this by itself. In particular, it is argued that, given the impediments to successful technology transfer discussed in the paper, there is a need for an organizational entity to assess the needs of the industry, evaluate alternative potential sources of technology based on their relative merits and synergies, coordinate sources and recipients, and provide a minimum infrastructure for such transfers to materialize. To this effect, general mechanisms for transferring technology from one place to another are reviewed and criteria are introduced depicting a tentative evaluation of each of the mechanisms being considered with regard to its contributions toward design for all.

Europe↗
PubMed2000

Extremely Long, Discrete meso - meso-Coupled Porphyrin Arrays This work was supported by Grant-in-Aids for Scientific Research (No. 11136221 and 11223205) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan and by CREST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology) from the Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST). The work at KRISS was supported by the National Creative Research Initiatives of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Korea.

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Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Achieving appropriate design and widespread use of health care technologies in the developing world. Overcoming obstacles that impede the adaptation and diffusion of priority technologies for primary health care.

OBJECTIVES: To identify and describe constraints facing the development and dissemination of technologies appropriate for public health care challenges and solutions in the developing world. METHODS: Review of lessons learned in development and introduction of numerous health technologies as experienced by a non-profit organization working on technologies for 25 years. RESULTS: Many obstacles prevent appropriate technologies from reaching widespread use and acceptance. These include low profit margins in developing world markets, regulatory constraints, and the need for systems changes. Strong public/private-sector partnerships and realistic approaches to working in these environments make a difference. CONCLUSIONS: There is a growing awareness of the need for new technologies and experience with strategies that can make them happen. Some technologies with documented value for maternal care in developing world settings appear to be stuck short of widespread acceptance and use. Understanding the factors impeding their progress can enable the public sector and its collaborators to organize and facilitate their progress more effectively.

Developing Countries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Technology and the boundaries of the hospital: three emerging technologies.

U.S. hospitals have proved remarkably adept at altering their service offerings to incorporate new technologies. New technologies threatened to undercut hospitals' central role in health care delivery in the 1980s. An array of new technologies promise yet again to alter the boundaries of hospitals' franchise. These technologies will not only continue the shift away from acute, inpatient care that we have seen for the past thirty years but will also challenge hospitals to collaborate more effectively with physicians and technology developers. How hospitals and policymakers respond to these emerging technologies will help determine whether hospitals remain at the center of the U.S. health system.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Utilization of technology and communication technologies (TIC) in public health].

The development of information and communications technologies (ICT) and Internet offers public health practitioners new tools to fulfill their missions of monitoring public health, health promotion and disease prevention, and public health protection. In recent years, new applications and practices in public health using these technologies have emerged, particularly in the area of communication among practitioners and transmission of information to the population. This article aims to give an overall view of the use of ICT in public health and to discuss the impact of these technologies on public health practices. The discussion is centred around the implications of using these new technologies: implications with regard to the new possibilities provided by these technologies, but also with regard to the difficulties involved in their use as well as issues related to unequal access and ethics. Finally, the question of the evaluation of these technologies and of their impact on public health is discussed.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Technology assessment in healthcare: a review and description of a "best practice" technology assessment process.

BACKGROUND: Technology assessment has become a rapidly growing component of the healthcare system. It has assumed a functional role in operational settings and is rapidly impacting decisions involving purchasing, coverage, and reimbursement. This review is intended to assist the healthcare decision maker in considering the application of technology assessment in healthcare, so as to maximize the efficiency of future purchasing decisions. METHODS: This "best practice" was synthesized after identifying key institutions performing technology assessment in healthcare and analyzing their working processes, including literature review, consensus panel discussions, and expert opinion. RESULTS: We describe this best practice on a reiterative loop that consists of five processes: awareness, strategic appropriateness, analysis versus need, acquisition and implementation, and reassessment. Typical barriers to adoption of technology assessment are also identified and discussed. CONCLUSIONS: This review suggests a common terminology for the core processes involved in technology assessment, thereby facilitating a more uniform understanding among the different components of the healthcare system (i.e., payer, provider, and society) while recognizing their different perspectives.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed2006

Joint project of the International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment--Part 2: Managing the diffusion of positron emission tomography with health technology assessment.

OBJECTIVES: Since 1997, members of the International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment (INAHTA) have collaborated on a Joint Project to track the diffusion, evaluation, and clinical policy of positron emission tomography (PET). Part 2 of this updated Joint Project report summarizes HTA-based strategies for directing the clinical use of PET and a discussion on the value of HTA in managing the diffusion of high cost diagnostic technologies, which were presented at an INAHTA-sponsored workshop at the Health Technology Assessment International Annual Meeting in 2004 on strategies for managing high cost diagnostic technologies. METHODS: A summary of the workshop proceedings is presented. CONCLUSIONS: Sharing assessment work, universal agreement in assessment conclusions, stakeholder input, and modeling techniques help manage the uncertainty in the evidence base while targeting clinical use of PET toward the most promising indications. Emphasis on HTA findings, linkage between financing of clinical PET and outcome evaluation, and targeted dissemination of scientific findings empower providers to reduce unnecessary utilization and contain costs within a quality improvement framework. Above all, a trustworthy source of HTA information and a process that is conducive to using scientific evidence as the basis for decision making are essential for managing the diffusion of complex and costly diagnostic technologies in patient care.

Capital Financing↗