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PubMedDate not supplied

Teaching stroke patients to dial the telephone.

Two purposes of this study were to determine what percentage of adults who had had cerebrovascular accidents were able to dial and recall telephone numbers, and whether or not the device, the Dial-a-Phone, was an effective instrument to use to teach these patients to dial the telephone. Results indicated that of 73 patients tested, 42 were unable to dial on the pretest. The Dial-a-Phone was effective in teaching 36 of the 42 patients in the mean time of 4.8 minutes of instruction. Right hemiplegics experienced no more difficulties than left hemiplegics. Those who learn to dial the telephone could use this ability as a life-saving skill, as motivation to improve development of communication skills, and as encouragement for functional independence.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1979

Physician's responsibility to parents after death of an infant. Beneficial outcome of a telephone call.

The effectiveness of a telephone call to the parents after the death of an infant has been assessed. Eleven parents who had received no formal contact after the death of their infant were interviewed at the hospital eight to 25 weeks (mean, 18 weeks) after than crisis. Eighteen other parents whose infants died were called three to 19 days (mean, nine days) after the death. The call lasted 26 minutes (range, 15 to 40 minutes). These parents were also interviewed at the hospital at nine to 27 weeks (mean, 15 weeks) after the death. Nine different problems were evaluated. Three of the 18 families who received a call had ten moderate or major problems compared with the 36 moderately severe or major problems in all 11 control families. This study documents the beneficial outcome of a telephone call in ameliorating emotional problems in the parents.

Communication↗
PubMed1975

The training of telephone crisis intervention volunteers.

Telephone crisis intervention services are growing at a very rapid rate. A review of the literature reveals that there are very few references to this new phenomenon and even fewer that deal with evaluating the effectiveness of telephone crisis training. Herein 7 articles are reviewed which deal with volunteer selection and training. These articles demonstrate that no consistent rationale for volunteer selection or training exists. Selection of volunteers typically consists of a gross screening to eliminate any obviously unsuitable persons, with training serving as a further sorting procedure where volunteers who are uncomfortable with the role of a crisis interventionist can be encouraged to drop out. The authors suggest that a training model be built around crisis intervention theory using principles of social learning as the methodology for training.

Attitude↗
PubMed1978

Telephone management of acute pediatric illnesses.

To evaluate the telephone management of five common acute pediatric problems, a "programmed mother" made unidentified cells to five pediatric nurse practitioners, 28 pediatric house officers and 23 pediatricians in practice. Calls were tape recorded and scored for history taking, disposition and interviewing skill. Nurse practitioners averaged 79.6 per cent of the total possible theoretical score for history taking, house officers 69.1 per cent, and practicing pediatricians 52.6 per cent (P less than 0.001). For disposition, nurse practitioners averaged 71.1 per cent of the maximum score, in contrast to 60.1 per cent for house officers and 58.9 per cent for practicing pediatricians. Similarly, nurse practitioners had significantly higher (P less than 0.001) scores for interviewing skills. No significant differences were found among house officers in the first, second and third years in history taking, disposition or interviewing skills. We conclude that pediatric nurse practitioners manage common pediatric problems by telephone better than house officers or practicing pediatricians and that better training for this aspect of practice is needed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Use of the telephone for short-term follow-up.

We have instituted a telephone appointment system (TAS) to follow patients with well-defined relatively minor problems. The patient is asked to call a special phone number at a specified date and time to obtain test results or information. A senior physician reviews each chart beforehand and indicates in lay terms, the information to be given to the patient by the clerk. Initial contact was made with 235 (58%) of the 404 scheduled telephone appointments reviewed during a four-week period. Physician data review time averaged one minute per chart and two full-time clerks were required. Although no improvement in patient compliance was found, significant savings of patient, physician, and nursing time are obvious. Additional advantages include decreased total patient load and the opportunity for senior physicians to assess the quality of care and provide feedback to the emergency department house officers.

Aftercare↗
PubMed1978

A survey of the effectiveness of a telephone-answering service.

A survey was carried out over a two-year period in Exeter to find out what source of information led patients to attend the local clinic for venereal diseases and to evaluate the effectiveness of a tape-recorded telephone message advertising clinic times. Based on the response from patients it seems difficult to justify the cost of installing a telephone-answering service.

Economics, Medical↗
PubMed1976

Clinical evaluation of the rapid telephone access system for radiology reporting.

The Rapid Telephone Access System (RTAS) for radiology reporting was evaluated clinically among patients undergoing fluoroscopy, excretory urography, or cholecystography at a community-based teaching hospital. After the radiologist has dictated his report in the customary manner, it can be heard by the referring physician using any telephone. Reports can be reduced to hard copy by a typist, or an automatic typewriter can be programmed to print normal or standard reports. Time between dictation and access of the report was significantly reduced after installation of the RTAS (p less than 0.001). There was also a trend toward reduced hospital stay (p less than 0.05) for patients in the study group. The system has been readily accepted by radiologists and referring physicians.

Cholecystography↗
PubMed1976

ECG telephone transmission for monitoring pacemakers and cardiac arrhythmias.

A network of ECG telephone transmission has been established which uses simple and inexpensive equipment, and which is aimed particularly at arrhythmia monitoring. Hospitals in areas remote from major medical centers are able to transmit to the Toronto General Hospital for expert advice. 400 patients in their homes may transmit to any of these hospitals for monitoring of pacemaker function or intermittent cardiac arrhythmia. Any patients in the Toronto General Hospital not admitted for a cardiac problem may be monitored via telephone by the expert nurses in the coronary care unit if a cardiac arrhythmia should arise. Equipment for the system has been carefully designed to minimize cost and to make it simple to use, particularly for the old or infirm patients in their homes. Transmissions between hospitals meet American Heart Association specifications for ECG recording. Transmissions of arrhythmias from patients' homes are carried out with a reduced low-frequency response. Expert cardiologists find both transmissions acceptable for their particular purpose. Standards should be set for simple, economic transmission systems as well as for those meeting the most stringent criteria.

Amplifiers, Electronic↗
PubMed1975

The ophthalmologist's office: planning and practice. Telephone requirements.

A well-designed and properly installed office communications system, combined with courteous and attentive telephone manners, serves as a most important basic building block in the creation of a successful office practice. The necessity for courtesy to callers applies not only to the office staff but also to the personnel handling the telephone when the office closes.

Office Management↗
PubMed1975

Telephone messages received by seven general practices.

Telephone calls were recorded in seven general practices in Aylesbury in a study of communications received from the hospitals, local health authority (L.H.A.), social services department, and other sources, but excluding calls from patients.Analysis of 855 telephone calls revealed patterns of communication with the staff of the practices which have not previously been recorded. The general practitioners were central in communications from all sources except the local health authority, while calls to health visitors came overwhelmingly from the local health authority. Community nurses received only 36 (four per cent) of all the calls despite the interests expressed by hospital nursing staff in their responses to a postal questionnaire. A hypothesis is advanced to explain this discrepancy between interest and action.

Communication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evening telephone call management by nurse practitioners and physicians.

History-taking, disposition, and telephone communication skills of pediatric nurse practitioners, pediatric house officers, and practicing pediatricians were assessed and compared. To evaluate the management of five common acute pediatric problems, a "programmed mother" made 148 unidentified calls to these health professionals during evening hours. The calls were tape recorded, and scored for history-taking, disposition, and interviewing skills. The scoring system, developed by a panel of 11 experts, assessed the relevance and completeness of each history obtained. Nurse practitioners averaged 79.6 percent of the total possible score, as compared to 52.6 percent for pediatricians (p less than .001). When disposition was similarly analyzed, the nurse practitioners scored significantly higher than pediatricians. Analyzing only those items of history-taking and disposition deemed most critical by the panel, nurse practitioners included 91 percent and pediatricians only 55 percent (p less than .001). Parameters of interviewing skill were scored by the interviewer and each author with agreement of 80 percent or above; nurse practitioners obtained significantly higher scores than pediatricians (p less than .001). Calls handled by nurses averaged 7.4 minutes, those by pediatricians 3.2 minutes (p less than .001). Nurse practitioners, it was concluded, can safely and effectively share responsibility with physicians for night and weekend telephone call coverage for a pediatric practice with adequate physician back up.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Telephone-skills training for retarded adults: group and individual demonstrations with and without verbal instruction.

Effects of telephone-skills training delivered to institutionalized retarded adults in group and individual demonstrations, both with and without verbal instructions, were examined. The trials effect was significant for four telephone tasks and for the sum of the four tasks. Persons in all conditions, including the practice control condition, significantly improved skill performance. These findings indicate that, for skill development tasks with retarded adults, demonstration and verbal summaries may add little to the practice experience and that group delivery of training procedures appears to be cost-effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Medical applications of analogue and digital telephone data links.

The increasing use of digital computer techniques for the analysis of signals such as the EEG, ECG, plethysmograms and cardiac output curves has led to the use of multichannel analogue frequency modulation telephone data links in the forward direction from the patient to the computer and digital links in the return direction. Single-channel analogue links are also being used for the surveillance of cardiac pacemaker patients and the television Viewphone offers the possibility of a visual contact between two centers. Examples will be given of the use of these various forms of telephone link.

Computers↗
PubMed1976

International standard (C.C.I.T.T.) for transmitting biomedical analogue and digital data on the public telephone network.

Analogue transmission of biomedical signals over the public telephone network has advantages from the economic point of view over digitalized transmission. This paper deals with the special problems encountered with the transmission of biomedical signals. Furthermore, the new international transmission standard C.C.I.T.T. recommendation V. 16 is introduced. This standard has recently been adopted by the relevant study group and has been presented to the Plenary Assembly of the C.C.I.T.T. for final approval. This standard is compatible with the existing public telephone networks. The technical specifications of this standard allow the transmission of the three-channel ECG for diagnostic purposes, e.g., remote processing and computer-assisted evaluation, as well as the transmission of the one-channel ECG with acoustic coupling, e.g., in emergency cases and for pace maker monitoring.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed1979

Relationships among experience level and value orientation and the performance of paraprofessional telephone counselors.

The effectiveness of indigenous paraprofessional helpers is thought to be partially due to the similarity in style and values between then and their clients. However, there is a concern that as they gain experience in an agency, their identification may shift from the clients to the agency. Also, there is a question as to how effective paraprofessionals (selected due to their shared values with a target population) are with value-dissimilar clients. Truax and Carkhuff's scales of facilitative conditions as well as a technique functioning scale were used to assess the helping behavior of paraprofessional telephone counselors at three levels of experience in response to value-similar and value-dissimilar simulated calls. The results indicate that performance generally improved with training and experience and that instead of a uniform deterioration with dissimilar value calls, a complex relationship existed between performance, values, and experience level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Multi-channel telephone transmission and quantitative on-line analysis of EEG in brain surgery.

During the last ten years clinical neurophysiology has used computerized quantitative methods for analysis. Evaluation of the information previously hidden in the signals from the nervous system offers previously unknown uses and applications for neurosurgery. The quantitative EEG (QEEG) for example may offer more reliable and easily understandable information of brain activity than the conventional analogue EEG. The techniques for QEEG-analysis have now reached such an advanced stage that they extract at the same time more information from the EEG than can be achieved by visual interpretation. The problems of distances between neurosurgical departments and computer centers can be overcome by means of telephone transmitter systems, as has been done in the present study. Patients with epilepsy or brain tumour undergoing surgery were analyzed and monitored with the peroperative tele-QEEG-system. Our experiences were encouraging since the neurophysiological part of the work at the operation unit was reduced considerably thanks to the tele-system. At the same time we obtained easily understandable EEG-information which has never previously been available to us.

Brain↗
PubMed1978

Telephone transmission of all-night polysomnographic data from subjects' homes.

All-night sleep recordings, essential for obtaining measurements of sleep and for diagnosing various sleep disorders, have been restricted primarily to laboratory settings. Described here is a system to complete all-night-sleep recordings in subjects' homes. Eight electroencephalogram channels can be fed into a portable transmitter (which contains a preamplifier and frequency modulator), and transmitted over telephone lines to a receiving polygraph at a remote laboratory. No polygraph is required at the transmission site. Evidence of good signal quality is presented. The clinical and research implications of this methodology are discussed.

Adult↗