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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Induction of specific tissue transplantation tolerance using fractionated total lymphoid irradiation in adult mice: long-term survival of allogeneic bone marrow and skin grafts.

BALB/c mice were treated with fractionated high dose (3,400 rads) total lymphoid irradiation (TLI), and given semiallogeneic (BALB/c x C57BL/Ka) or allogeneic (C57BL/Ka) bone marrow and/or skin allografts. TLI alone prolonged the mean survival time (m.s.t.) of C57BL/Ka skin grafts to 49.1 days (control, 10.7 days). Shielding of the thymus during TLI produced only a slight increase in graft survival (m.s.t., 19 days). TLI combined with splenectomy was no more effective than TLI alone. Infusion of 10(7) semiallogeneic or allogeneic bone marrow cells after TLI produced stable chimeras in 7/8 and 8/15 recipients, respectively. Chimeras were specifically tolerant to donor tissues, since C57BL/Ka skin grafts were accepted for more than 250 days, but third-party (C3H/He) skin grafts were rejected rapidly. In addition, chimeric lymphocytes responded to C3H/He and C3H. Q but not to C57BL/Ka cells in the one-way mixed leukocyte reactions. BALB/c C57BL/Ka chimeras showed no clinical evidence of graft vs. host disease. These findings may have application of clinical organ transplantation, since (a) the recipient treatment (TLI) has already been shown to be safe in humans, (b) donors and recipients can be completely allogeneic, and (c) bone marrow and skin graft survival was permanent (greater than 250 days).

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The inflammatory role of immune complexes trapped in joint collagenous tissues.

The inflammatory role of immune complexes trapped in joint collagenous tissues has been investigated. Joint collagenous tissues obtained from rabbits with antigen-induced arthritis generated mediators of acute inflammation when incubated with fresh normal rabbit serum as a source of complement. The role of trapped immune complexes in chronic inflammation was also studied by the surgical insertion of menisci, obtained from arthritic and control joints, into the suprapatellar pouches of previously immunized or naive recipient animals. It was shown that when immune complex containing menisci were inserted into immune rabbits, a chronic inflammatory capsule developed around the donor tissue, reminiscent of the inflammatory pannus seen in rheumatoid cartilage. Normal menisci and immune complex containing menisci inserted in naive animals developed capsules rich in fibroplasts and collagen fibres. Since we have previously shown the presence of immune complexes in the great majority of joint collagenous tissues obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, our results suggest that these complexes may play a role in the formation of pannus, which constitutes a major mechanism responsible for cartilage destruction.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Subepithelial infiltrates: a probable sign of corneal transplant rejection.

A previously undescribed slit-lamp manifestation of a probable corneal transplant rejection reaction was found in 22 patients among 145 who underwent penetrating keratoplasty during a two-year period. The reaction consisted of subepithelial infiltrates that were located only in the donor tissue; were without associated conjunctivitis; and that occurred six weeks to 21 months postoperatively, either alone or in association with epithelial and/or endothelial rejection; and that responded well to topical corticosteroid treatment. In one case, the subepithelial infiltrates preceded a severe endothelial rejection by only a few days. The lesions are a warning that all is not well and that corticosteroid therapy should be instituted or increased.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1978

Prevention of surface bacterial contamination of donor corneas.

A simple method has been developed to reduce contamination in postmortem donor human eyes in anticipation of corneal transplantation. In vivo investigation of albino rabbits demonstrates that vigorous saline solution irrigation is extremely effective in decreasing the surface bacterial counts of the postmortem eye. In vitro and in vivo studies show that Neosporin kills bacteria at room temperature and further show that a tenfold increase in the thimerosal concentration of the Neosporin will kill fungus. Postmortem eyes contaminated by pathogenic organisms can be effectively cleaned by a combination of saline solution irrigation and the new Neosporin-thimerosal solution. No substantial damage of the donor tissue was noted by scanning electron microscopy. Human eyes cultured before this procedure were all contaminated, but after cleansing and immersion, no bacterial or fungal growth occurred.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Corneal endothelium under various storage conditions.

Three rabbit corneas each were stored in McCarey-Kaufman (M-K) medium, rabbit serum, and in a moist chamber at 4 degrees C refrigeration for various lengths of observation. The endothelial cells appeared normal under all conditions for the first 24 hours as compared with control corneas processed concurrently with each experimental group. After 48 hours of storage the specimens in the moist chamber showed isolated endothelial cell damage. The endothelia in M-K medium or rabbit serum appeared viable up to six days without significant differences although those stored in rabbit serum showed a better preservation of microvilli on individual endothelial cells. Under all conditions a mild shrinkage of the cells seemed to have taken place as indicated by the more pronounced cell boundaries. We incubated an equal number of control rabbit corneas at 37 degrees C with 5% CO2 and moist air in M-K medium, serum, and minimal essential medium (MEM) with 10% fetal calf serum and 100 units/ml of a penicillin and streptomycin mixture. In serum, the endothelia showed rapid destruction with swelling of the entire cornea. Those stored in M-K medium maintained a normal endothelial covering of the cornea up to six days. At nine days of storage, marked cellular changes were observed with dehiscence of the cellular layer. When stored in the MEM mixture, the endothelial cells showed a normal layer without obvious cell damage when compared with those stored in M-K medium up to four days. However, after six and nine days of storage, cellular destruction was greater in these specimens than in those stored in M-K medium. In addition, there was considerable swelling of the whole cornea under this storage condition.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Dexamethasone-resistant cystic fibrosis fibroblasts show cross-resistance to sex steroids.

Diploid skin fibroblasts derived from individuals with the autosomal recessive disease, cystic fibrosis (CF), were shown previously to be significantly more resistant to the cytotoxicity of dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid hormone, than were normal human fibroblasts. Here cystic fibrosis fibroblasts are also shown to be more resistant than normal human fibroblasts to the cytotoxic effects of the sex hormones, 17 beta-estradiol, dihydrotestosterone and progesterone. Since cells are believed to contain different receptors for each of the steroid hormones, it is not probable than the resistance of CF cells to these hormones results from a receptor deficiency. This was shown by the fact that CF cells were found to exhibit the same receptor activity as normal cells for 3-H-dexamethasone. Furthermore, neither normal human nor CF fibroblasts could be demonstrated to contain detectable receptor activity for 3H-17 beta-estradiol. In addition, the studies of fibroblast killing by hormones led to the further interesting observation that normal human diploid fibroblasts, regardless of the sex of the tissue donor, are sensitive to killing by each of the sex hormones. These findings suggest that the cytotoxic effects of the steroid hormones may be observed independently of the specific hormone receptors. The studies reported here thus suggest that the resistance of CF cells to the different steroid hormones is probably the result of a defect in a pathway in cellular steroid hormone metabolism other than that involving receptors.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1976

The histocompatibility system and human disease.

The histocompatibility system and its associations with human diseases have been described. Although these associations remain unexplained, they represent an important step forward in the search for basic causes and mechanisms of diseases. Further studies may lead to better classifications of diseases and to an increased understanding of basic biologic processes, of etiologies of many important diseases, and of relationships between genetic and environmental susceptibility to disease. However, at the present time histocompatibility studied have little value as diagnostic or prognostic tests in clinical medicine, aside from their obvious usefulness in matching tissue donors to recipients.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1979

Immunological monitoring as a guide to the management of transplant recipients.

Immunological monitoring assays are of current value in the management of transplant recipients. These assays allow the pre-transplant quantitation of both donor-recipient histocompatibility and recipient "responder status." In addition, these assays allow the individualization of immunosuppression, permitting a more uniform and effective immunosuppression in the difficult early post-transplant period. Individualized modulation of recipient immune reactivity avoids the documented pitfalls of conventional stereotyped suppression and permits better abrogation of acute rejection responses and lesser rates of serious infections consequent to excessive immune suppression. Immunological monitoring of long-surviving recipients permits early detection of immune reactivity which often culminates in clinical chronic rejection, as well as permits the quantitation of immune facilitory mechanisms (reduced capability to generate anti-donor cytotoxic T cells and/or cellular suppressor mechanisms) that indicate an immune milieu conductive to long-term graft survival. The primary limitations to the more widespread use of immunological monitoring assays at present are the need for more consensual validations of the utility of these assays in different laboratories, more standardization and better controls of techniques, and improvement in the technology of the assays to permit rapid, reproducible, and accurate results with a lesser expenditure of laboratory time and money and greater economy in demands for recipient blood and donor tissue. Finally, immunological monitoring assays are notable for the great promise they offer in terms of immunobiological probes to dissect mechanisms of rejection, mechanisms of graft facilitation, mechanisms of action of immunosuppressive agents, and mechanisms by which empirical technology of recipient pre-treatment may condition the host to better acceptance of an incompatible graft.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A method for ipsilateral rotational autokeratoplasty.

Rotational ipsilateral penetrating autokeratoplasty is useful in the treatment of certain nonprogressive corneal scars. The procedure alleviates difficulties with the availability of donor tissue and with graft rejection. A method is presented for determining the maximum clear central corneal area that can be obtained by rotational autokeratoplasty and the most appropriate trephine size and placement. Two dimensions must be obtained either at the slit lamp or from photographs: the diameter of the largest circle of clear cornea and the shortest distance from the edge of this circle (edge of the scar) to the center of the cornea. An illustrative case is presented.

Cataract↗
PubMed1979

Transplantation.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Analyzing large numbers of data with a programmable calculator. Technic and applications.

Programmable calculators or minicomputers can be used in many laboratory activities, including tasks for which large numbers of data must be analyzed. A technic for organizing data into records and files for storage on magnetic tape and for using an index to find the locations of stored data quickly is described. Applications of the technic for analysis of quality control results, determination of potential HLA-compatible tissue donors, and analysis of laboratory administrative data are presented. These applications were written for use with a small programmable calculator.

Computers↗
PubMed1979

The donation and transplantation of kidneys: should the law be changed?

It is now eighteen years on since the Human Tissue Act 1961, but this legislation is still unchanged in England, Scotland and Wales. Ian Kennedy, in this paper, lays before us the law as it is, the problems of its interpretation and his opinion of what government should be doing to help clarify the situation and remove some of the problems which exist daily for the doctors who face the dilemma of seeking consent for transplants at the moment of extreme grief for the surviving spouses or relatives of the patient who has been in his care only moments before. Ian Kennedy suggests that by doing nothing the Department of Health and the government are being both callous and less than honest.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Results of replacement of cardiac valves by homologous dura mater valves.

Homologous dura mater valve was employed in a series of 533 patients in the period between January 1971 and May 1974. The dura mater was sterilized and preserved in 98 percent glycerol solution at room temperature. Important data were the following (1) no significant pressure gradient through the vale at rest; (2) no bacterial endocarditis; (3) two cases of fungal endocarditis; (4) no degeneration or retraction of the leaflets; (5) no thrombus formation in the valve; and (6) no anticoagulants were used in this series.

Aspergillosis↗