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PubMedDate not supplied

[Rabies vaccine inactivated with ethylenimine. Duration of the immunity in dogs].

The duration-of-immunity afforded by the ethylenimine inactivated rabies vaccine produced in BHK cells with the PV strain, was studied in dogs. One hundred per cent of the dogs became serologically positive 7 days after vaccination; the same percentage was still positive 3 years after vaccination with one dose of the vaccine. A good correlation was observed between the antibody profiles as determined by the titers obtained with the mouse neutralization and fluorescent field inhibition techniques. The correlation was not as good when the number of international units per ml was determined by both tests. The best correspondence between serological response and resistance to challenge was observed when the antibodies were determined by the number of international units per ml, using the neutralization test in mice. All the dogs challenged 12 and 25 months after vaccination resisted challenge; 89% (8/9) were protected 36 months after vaccination. Inactivated vaccines can be as effective to control rabies as those prepared with modified live virus; moreover, the inactivated vaccines are more stable and safer than the latter.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease: an investigation of some properties of the virus and evaluation of an inactivated vaccine.

An inactivated vaccine against rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD), developed and tested in our laboratory, is produced commercially by Bioveta, Ivanovice, Czechoslovakia. Rabbits developed full protection against infection 3 weeks after the administration of a single dose. Antibodies were detectable from day 5 after vaccination. Naturally acquired antibodies were demonstrated in some rabbits kept on commercial farms. The virus survived at least 225 days in an organ suspension kept at 4 degrees C, at least 105 days in the dried state on cloth at room temperature (around 20 degrees C), and at least 2 days at 60 degrees C, both in organ suspension and in the dry state. Experimental infection of rabbits younger than 2 months was successful in some animals. Hares, guinea pigs, white mice, golden and Chinese hamsters, chinchillas and hysterectomy-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets were resistant to infection.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

[Study on the inactivated vaccine of Gardnerella vaginalis of fox. VI. Experimental development of the inactivated vaccine of Gardnerella vaginalis of fox].

The aluminum hydroxide gel, propolis and oil adjuvant inactivated vaccines were developed by silecting good immunity, representing principal epidemic serotype I GVF44 of Gardnerella vaginalis of fox in civil. The results showed that the aluminum hydroxide gel vaccine in safety was better than propolis and oil adjuvant vaccines, the most optimal inactivated concentration of formalin is 0.1%. Efficient immunity doses are 4 billon bacteria/1 ml. There were on any bad influences to occur for fox after the aluminum hydroxide gel of three times immunity doses were injected. The inoculated foxes could resist challenge of a hundred ID50 virulent strains after the vaccine was injected to foxes for 21 d. Immunity period of the vaccine is 6 months storage period is 10 months at 4-10 degrees C. The field experiments confirmed that the vaccine possessed accuracy, stability and reliability.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Comparison of subclinical infection rates between vaccinated group with type I inactivated vaccine against hemorrhagic fever and controls].

OBJECTIVE: To compare subclinical infection rate in the vaccinated group with type I inactivated vaccine against hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) with that in the controls and to understand its enhancement. METHODS: A trial field was selected in Jiande County, Zhejiang Province during July 1974 to November 1997. Paired-sera before and after vaccination were collected from 401 vaccinee and 360 controls, respectively. Serum titer of indirect immunofluorescent IgG antibody (IFAT) against HFRS was detected for each of them, and its cut-off value depended on the distribution of serum antibody titer in the second determination in the controls, which could be used to evaluate subclinical infection before vaccination. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in subclinical infection between those with positive and negative IFAT before vaccination, with different cut-off values for identifying subclinical infection. In both vaccinated and control groups with negative IFA before vaccination, subclinical infection rate was 7.62% in the controls, and 2.17% and 1.63% in the vaccinated ones, with cut-off values of 1:160 and 1:320, respectively, significantly different from that in the former. Subclinical infection rate was 11.38% and 6.78% in the vaccinated ones, as cut-off values of 1:20 and 1:40, respectively, without significant difference from the controls. CONCLUSION: No increase in subclinical infection in the vaccinated group with type I inactivated vaccine against HFRS was found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Immunity to canine adenovirus respiratory disease: effect of vaccination with an inactivated vaccine.

Nine puppies without maternal antibody to canine adenovirus (CAV) were divided into two groups. The first consisted of six puppies, each of which was given two doses of a commercial inactivated CAV-1 vaccine, 14 days apart. Eight days after administration of the second dose of vaccine, all six puppies, together with the second group, consisting of three unvaccinated controls, were challenged with an aerosol of virulent CAV-2. One dog from each group was killed on the third, fifth and 10th days after challenge and the three additional vaccinates killed at intervening times. All of the dogs developed respiratory signs, mainly coughing and tachypnoea, but the vaccinated dogs made a more rapid recovery. The lungs of both groups were consolidated, the areas affected being more extensive in the controls, and histological examination revealed the main lesion to be a severe necrotising bronchiolitis. Virus was isolated from the respiratory tissues and from throat swabs collected from both groups of dogs. The presence of neutralising antibody in the serum was not, of itself, sufficient to control viral replication and oblate the disease.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1999

An experimental multivalent bovine virus diarrhea virus E2 subunit vaccine and two experimental conventionally inactivated vaccines induce partial fetal protection in sheep.

The primary aim of a bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV) vaccine is to prevent transplacental transmission of virus. We studied the efficacy of two experimental conventionally inactivated vaccines, based on BVDV strain Singer and containing a different antigen amount, against three antigenically different BVDV strains in a vaccination-challenge experiment in sheep. We also studied the efficacy of an experimental multivalent E2 subunit vaccine against four antigenically different BVDV strains. The vaccine contained the glycoproteins E2 of BVDV strains that belong to antigenic groups IA, IB and II. All three vaccines induced neutralizing antibodies against all challenge strains. Only the conventional vaccine that contained the highest antigen amount induced complete protection against homologous challenge. Neither of the conventional vaccines provided complete protection against heterologous challenge. The multivalent subunit vaccine induced partial protection against the homologous challenge strains. However, the immune response did inhibit virus replication in ewes, as shown by the results of the virus titrations.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1978

[Virus-neutralizing activity of colostral immunoglobulins in swine vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine against Aujeszky's disease virus].

Colostral globulins of sows immunized with an ethanol-saponin vaccine against Aujeszky's disease virus were fractionated through gel filtration by means of Sephadex-200. The virus-neutralizing activity of the globulin fractions identified through agar gel immunoelectrophoresis was evaluated by the virus-neutralizing test with cell cultures. The level of the antibodies found in class IgG substantially exceeded that of the IgA antibodies. It is believed that after muscular application of an ethanolsaponin vaccine against Aujeszky's disease the mammary gland of the vaccinated sows secretes virus-neutralizing antibodies mainly of the IgG class.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Vaccination using an inactivated vaccine on a pig-breeding farm infected with the virus causing Aujeszky's disease (author's transl)].

When Aujeszky's disease was detected on a large pig-breeding farm, all normal sows and boars were vaccinated with an ethyl-ethylene-imine (EEI) vaccine produced in the Bundesforschungsanstalt für Viruskrankheiten der Tiere (Federal Research Institute for Viruses Diseases in Animals) in Tübbingen, Western Germany. The vaccine contained DEAE dextran as an adjuvant. The vaccine was inoculated twice by intramuscular route at a three weeks' interval, 5 ml. being inoculated at one time. Hyperimmune serum was inoculated in young pigs. In addition, hygienic procedures were adopted, consisting in disinfection and isolation. The disease was successfully controlled within eight weeks. Sows which developed Aujeszky's disease showed hardly any symptoms suggesting lesions of the central nervous system. Pulmonary lesions were the outstanding clinical feature. The semen quality of the affected male swine had markedly deteriorated. This was resorted to normal, however, within from five to ten weeks. The incidence of abortion and piglet mortality were low. In view of the results of virological and serological studies, it was concluded that the persistence of this strain of virus (causing Aujeszky's disease) was very slight.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immunoprophylaxis of poliomyelitis in Ukraine with the use of inactivated vaccine].

In connection with the cessation of the circulation of "wild" poliovirus on the territory of the European region, including Ukraine, the strategy of the vaccinal prophylaxis of poliomyelitis is reviewed. Its main aims are the creation of a high level of the specific protection of the population, the prophylaxis of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis and a decrease in the intensity of the circulation vaccine polioviruses. These aims may be achieved only by the inclusion of vaccinations with inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (IPV) into the immunization schedule. IPV "Imovax Polio" produced by the firm "Aventis Pasteur" (France) has been shown to have low reactogenicity and high effectiveness, especially with respect to type 3 poliovirus, under the conditions of Ukraine. On the basis of our studies all children, starting from the age of 3 months, are recommended to be vaccinated first with two injections of IPV, followed by further immunization with oral vaccine.

Antibodies, Viral↗