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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1979

Long term effect of teflutixol on apomorphine-induced stereotypy and vomiting in dogs.

Dose--response relationships to apomorphine-induced vomiting and stereotyped running behaviour have been determined in dogs before, and up to 24 and 28 days respectively, after daily oral treatment with 2.5 mg/kg of teflutixol or 12 days. The ED50 values for apomorphine-induced vomiting after teflutixol were not different from those obtained before treatment. Stereotyped running behaviour of increasing intensity was seen 4--12 days after teflutixol treatment. The intensity then declined and returned to normal. The results suggest that the nigro-neostriatal dopamine system in dogs became hypersensitive after prolonged teflutixol treatment, while the dopamine receptors of the emetic chemotrigger zone did not.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Reflux of metrizamide into the lateral ventricles in vomiting.

Two cases are presented in which metrizamide refluxed into the lateral ventricles after vomiting, the contrast having been brought in intrathecally by lumbar route for CT-scanning of the basal cisterns. It is suggested the intrathoracic and intraabdominal pressures transority achieved in vomiting are transmitted to the spinal canal through the vertebral venous plexus. This results in a pressure which is transmitted through the C.S.F. to the posterior fossa, and from there, for anatomical reasons, to the ventricular system. Transitory dilatation of the ventricles results in aspiration fluid from the fourth ventricle, and hence reversal of normal flow in the aqueduct of Sylvius.

Cerebral Ventricles↗

PubMed1976

Cardiovascular and vomiting responses to a lethal intravenous dose of staphyloenterotoxin A in rhesus monkeys.

Effects of a single intravenous dose of highly purified staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA; 0.5 mg/kg) were studied in conscious rhesus monkeys. The mean survival time for four of five experimental monkeys was 8.7 h. Vomiting, pallor, abdominal distension, occasional diarrhea and dehydration were observed. Tachycardia and sustained hypotension developed prior to death. During vomiting, transient hypertension was induced.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Domperidone for the symptomatic treatment of chronic post-prandial nausea and vomiting.

Forty patients with postprandial nausea and vomiting from a variety of underlying causes, were given either domperidone 20 mg t.d.s. or placebo in a double-blind study lasting two weeks. The tablets were taken before meals and no other anti-emetics were used. Nausea and vomiting were reduced in those patients given the active therapy, the results being recorded as excellent in 62% in the domperidone group and 18% of controls.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Domperidone (R 33 812) as an antiemetic in the treatment of postoperative vomiting. A double blind comparison between two different dosages (4 mg and 10 mg).

Forty seven patients received either 4 mg or 10 mg domperidone I.V. in a double blind study after they had vomited postoperatively. The patients were then observed for six hours. If necessary, the same dose of domperidone was repeated double blind but not during the first hour. When the two groups were compared there was little difference between them for the first half hour after the initial dose, thereafter both the frequency and severity of vomiting was reduced in the 10 mg group. Also fewer patients in the 10 mg group needed a second injection. These differences were statistically significant (p less than 0.05).

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Domperidone in the treatment of postoperative vomiting: a double-blind multicenter study.

Domperidone was compared with placebo in a multicenter double-blind study of 116 patients (15 to 80 years) with postoperative vomiting. After vomiting had occurred, the patients received either domperidone 10 mg or placebo IV. Patients were then followed for at least 6 hours or until a 2nd injection of domperidone 10 mg from an open supply was needed. The period of time until an additional injection was registered and compared between the 2 treatment groups. Fifty-nine percent of the placebo patients needed a 2nd injection before the end of the 6-hour follow-up, compared with only 35% of the domperidone patients (p less than 0.05). When a 2nd injection was required, the time elapsed before it was needed was longer (p = 0.01) in the domperidone group (median 150 minutes) than in the placebo one (median 120 minutes). There were no significant side-effects.

Antiemetics↗

PubMed1977

[Postoperative vomitting and gastroatonia following aorto-bifemoral bypass operations during halothane-combination anaesthesia and neuroleptanaesthesia (author's transl)].

44 patients are analysed for the frequency of postoperative vomiting and the amount of gastroatonia following aorto-femoral bypass operations during neuroleptanaesthesia and halothane combination anasthesia. More than 60% of patients develop gastroatonia during both methods of anaesthesia. However it is less apparent on the first postoperative day after neuroleptanaesthesia and does not affect as many patients as after halothane combination anaesthesia. Postoperative vomiting is significantly more frequent after halothan combination anaesthesia than after neuroleptanaesthesia.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Identification of 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid in the urine of twin siblings with a Reye's-like syndrome associated with dicarboxylic aciduria and hypoglycaemia and with similarities to Jamaican vomiting sickness.

Twin male infant siblings who presented in Harrow, UK, with a Reye's-like syndrome associated with profound hypoglycaemia, vomiting, diarrhoea, coma and death in one child, with dicarboxylic aciduria, and similarities to Jamacian vomiting sickness (hypoglycin toxicity) have been shown to excrete large amounts of a previously unrecorded urinary organic acid. This has been identified as 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid by gas chromatography mass spectrometry using a synthesized standard. Concentrations observed were 340 and 330 mg g-1 creatinine in the two patients. The metabolic precursor of the urinary acid is suggested to be hex-4-enoic acid, a probable chemical toxin closely related to the active organic acid metabolite of hypoglycin. The possibility of omega - 1 oxidation of hexanoic acid to 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid in these and other patients with dicarbocylic aciduris is also discussed.

Caproates↗

PubMed2026

Impact of oliceridine versus sufentanil on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing thyroid surgery: a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication following thyroid surgery, often exacerbated by opioid use. Oliceridine, a novel G protein-biased μ-opioid receptor agonist, may reduce opioid-related adverse events. This study aimed to compare the impact of oliceridine versus sufentanil on the incidence and severity of PONV in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this prospective, double-blind, randomised controlled trial conducted between May 2025 and February 2026, 232 patients scheduled for thyroid surgery were randomly assigned to receive either oliceridine or sufentanil for intraoperative analgesia. The primary outcome was the incidence of PONV during the first 48 h postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included PONV severity, need for rescue anti-emetics, postoperative pain scores, recovery quality, and other adverse events. RESULTS: The incidence of PONV within 48 h postoperatively was significantly lower in the oliceridine group [13/107 (12%)] compared with the sufentanil group [31/110 (28%)] (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.17-0.72, p = 0.006). Postoperative pain scores, rescue analgesia requirements, and Quality of Recovery-15 scores were comparable between the two groups (p > 0.05). Besides, exploratory unadjusted analyses revealed fewer rescue anti-emetics: O group 8/107 (8%) vs S group 25/110 (23%) (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.12-0.64, p = 0.002); and less abdominal distension: O group 4/107 (4%) vs S group 19/110 (17%) (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.06-0.57, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: For young ASA I-II patients undergoing thyroid surgery, oliceridine yields adequate postoperative analgesia and lower PONV rates versus sufentanil. Additional trials involving high-intensity surgical procedures are needed to confirm consistent equivalence.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

Metabolic mimicry of Bartter's syndrome by covert vomiting: utility of urinary chloride determinations.

Bartter's syndrome characteristically exhibits the constellation of hypokalemic alkalosis with moderate kaliuresis, normotensive hyperreninemia, hyperaldosteronism, urinary hyperexcretion of prostaglandin E (PGE) and vascular hyporesponsivity to pressor agents. We describe precise biochemical mimicry of these metabolic abnormalities in a patient with surreptitious repetitive vomiting, in whom simple urinary chloride excretion data subsequently excluded the diagnosis of Bartter's syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Virus-like particles in winter vomiting disease.

In an outbreak of winter vomiting disease affecting both pupils and staff in a primary school, virus-like particles were found in 7 out of 8 faecal specimens examined by electron microscopy. The particles measured 26 nm in diameter and had a buoyant density of 1-38--1-40 g/cm3 in caesium chloride. They could not be cultured in tissue-culture or organ-culture. In immune electron microscopy tests the particles appeared to differ antigenically from the Norwalk and Hawaii agents. Two out of three patients examined more than one month after their illness were still excreting the particles.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Properties and production characteristics of vomiting, diarrheal, and necrotizing toxins of Bacillus cereus.

Evidence is provided that the enterotoxin of Bacillus cereus variously described in the literature as diarrheagenic toxin, diarrheal agent, fluid accumulation factor, vascular permeability factor, dermonecrotic toxin, and intestinonecrotic toxin is a single relatively unstable protein of molecular weight approximately 50,000 and isoelectric point of the order of 4.9. It is presumed to be the enterotoxin responsible for the diarrheal-type B. cereus food poisoning syndrome and it may also be the pyogenic and pyrogenic factor in nongastrointestinal B. cereus infections of man and animals. The enterotoxin is a vegetative growth metabolite produced to one degree or another by almost all B. cereus strains and is readily separated from phospholipase and heat-labile cereolysin but less readily differentiated from a heat-stable hemolysin. It is lethal to mice but may also be separable from another mouse lethal factor by electrofocusing. The emetic toxin responsible for the vomiting-type B. cereus food poisoning syndrome is clearly distinguishable from the diarrheal and other toxic factors and appears to be a highly stable compound of molecular size less than 5000.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Winter vomiting disease caused by calicivirus.

The clinical, epidemiological, and virological features of an outbreak of winter vomiting disease among London schoolchildren are described. Evidence is presented to support the view that this epidemic was caused by a human calicivirus, a virus not previously shown to be associated with this disease in man.

Caliciviridae↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Posturally-evoked vomiting; Association with posterior fossa lesions.

Posturally-evoked vomiting (PEV) dissociated from vertigo was present in two patients with proven posterior fossa mass lesions. In both instances PEV was a major aspect of the patients' symptomatology before other findings clearly indicated the presence of an infratentorial mass lesion. A distinction is drawn between benign postural vertigo, which almost always indicates a benign disorder of the peripheral vestibular apparatus, and PEV which indicates a central lesion within the posterior fossa. A possible anatomic-physiologic basis is offered for PEV, based on the dissociation of the "vestibular syndrome," in which PEV increases while vertigo and nystagmus diminish.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Nausea and vomiting after anesthesia and minor surgery.

The antiemetic effects of droperidol, diphenidol, and placebo were compared in 210 patients subjected to minor gynecologic or urologic procedures. Atropine (0.6 mg), meperidine (1 mg/kg) body mass, and either droperidol (5 mg), diphenidol (40 mg), or 2 ml of 0.9% saline were administered IM, 1 hour before general anesthesia. Trial drugs were presented in coded ampules so that the study was conducted double-blind. Droperidol appeared superior to both diphenidol (p less than 0.01) and placebo (p less than 0.001) in the prevention of vomiting, and reduced the incidence of nausea when compared to saline (p less than 0.05). Forty-four patients experienced side effects, which occurred with similar frequency in the 3 groups studied.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Loss of tooth structure associated with chronic regurgitation and vomiting.

In summary, a teenaged patient had generalized loss of tooth structure. As the patient previously had a normal dental history and as his family history was negative, many causative factors were quickly ruled out. Finally, after obtaining full cooperation of the patient and reviewing the complete medical records, it was concluded that the loss of tooth structure resulted from demineralization by acidic gastric contents, due to chronic regurgitation and vomiting.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Maternal alcohol and tobacco consumption and their association with nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.

Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) has been associated with favorable pregnancy outcome, though little is known about factors influencing its occurrence. In this study, information on NVP in 210 patients at a west coast health maintenance organization was obtained. Smoking and alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy were also estimated in two personal interviews during gestation. In all, 72% of the subjects had NVP in the first 4 months of pregnancy. Smokers had significantly less NVP than non-smokers (52% vs. 79%). Furthermore, NVP in smokers was negatively associated with alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy, with the stronger relation being for alcohol reported in the 6 months before pregnancy; only 46% of smokers drinking more than 1/2 fl. oz. of absolute alcohol daily in this period reported NVP, while 68% of smokers drinking less had NVP. For non-smokers, there was no relation between alcohol use in any period and NVP. The risk of NVP associated with pre-pregnancy drinking was not related to any change in alcohol consumption after conception. These results suggest an interaction between NVP, smoking, and reported alcohol consumption. The association of favorable pregnancy outcome with NVP may be in part a reflection of moderation in maternal alcohol and tobacco use.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMed1979

Amelioration of cancer chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol.

The antinausea and antivomiting effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in children receiving cancer chemotherapy were compared with those of metoclopramide syrup and prochlorperazine tablets in two double-blind studies. THC was found to be a significantly better antinausea and antivomiting agent, but not all patients obtained relief of nausea and vomiting with THC. In some patients, THC enhanced appetite during a course of chemotherapy. In two patients, a "high" associated with THC administrationwas reported. Drowsiness was reported significantly more frequently with THC.

Antiemetics↗