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Results for “Water Intoxication”

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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1975

Water intoxication death following hypothalamic lesions in the rat.

Rats received large, bilateral lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus. Water or saline intakes, urine outputs and body temperatures were observed for up to 24 hr after surgery. Fifty percent of the operated animals drank excessively and died within 4-6 hr when permitted access to water. Urine outputs were low and symptoms of water intoxication were evident. When allowed access to saline, outputs rose and the number of animals which survived increased as the saline concentration increased. Body temperatures approached 40 degrees C during drinking, but did not differ from operated animals which refused to drink. It was concluded that the deposition of metallic ions strongly stimulates a hypothalamic drinking system which results in overhydration and water intoxication death.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Seasonal stability of water balance among schizophrenic patients subject to water intoxication.

1. Diurnal weight gain, afternoon hyponatremia, and polyuria were assessed for one year among eight male schizophrenics subject to water intoxication. 2. The authors normalized the diurnal weight gain (NDWG) as a percentage by subtracting the 7 a.m. weight from the 4 p.m. Weight, multiplying the difference by 100, and then dividing the result by the 7 a.m. weight. 3. NDWG ranged between 2.69 +/- .99 and 3.34 +/- 1.32 percent (F [3, 5] = .885, p = .509) during the four seasons of the year. 4. The seasonal decrease in afternoon serum sodium compared to its morning counterpart ranged between 4.23 +/- 1.96 and 6.14 +/- 2.82 mmol/l (F [3, 5] = 2.212, p = .205). 5. Seasonal polyuria ranged between 8.2 +/- 3.5 and 8.8 +/- 3.2 liters (F [3, 5] = .228, p = .873). 6. Among schizophrenics subject to water intoxication, the seasonal stability in our three parameters of water imbalance suggest they may be used to follow patients with altered water homeostasis over time. This finding has both clinical and research implications.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Water intoxication and Syntocinon infusion.

A case of severe water intoxication with convulsion and prolonged coma, following the use of a high dose Syntocinon infusion is described. The pathogenesis and treatment of the condition are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[A case of acute water intoxication showing triphasic waves on EEG].

We reported a case of acute water intoxication from compulsive water-drinking, who showed triphasic waves on EEG. The patient was a 50-year-old man who had been undergoing medical treatment in a mental hospital since he was suffering from schizophrenia diagnosed at the age of 35. He had sometimes had a tendency to drink a large amount of water since 45 years old. He began to drink water compulsively since three days ago. He vomited just after he drank excessive water with his mouth directly to the tap for several minutes, and soon fell into loss of consciousness. He was transmitted to our hospital because of acute consciousness disturbance on the next day. On neurological examination, he was profoundly comatose with miosis and conjugate deviation to the right side. His extremities showed decorticate posturing. On admission, serum sodium level was 101 mEq/l, and plasma osmolality was 208 mOsm/l. Serum enzymes derived from muscle and myoglobin were markedly elevated. But there was no laboratory evidence of the other metabolic disorders such as hepatic or renal disease. Computed tomography of the brain disclosed severely diffuse swelling with largely obliterated sulci and narrowed ventricles. EEG showed triphasic waves predominantly over centro-parieto-occipital portion, behind which there was slow wave activity with a loss of normal alpha wave activity. Immediately, treatment began by a combination of saline and glyceol infusion for the purpose of correcting severe hyponatremia, subsequently removing brain edema. As serum sodium level gradually returned to normal, the brain CT findings were getting better.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Water intoxication and rhabdomyolysis.

A 44-year-old woman was admitted because of stupor. She had consumed 3 liters of water due to thirst after drinking alcohol. Laboratory findings on admission revealed marked hyponatremia (sodium: 115 mEq/l). She was diagnosed as having water intoxication. She recovered from her hyponatremia upon excretion of a large amount of hypotonic urine. Subsequently, however, her serum creatine phosphokinase was markedly elevated at 28,650 IU/l, and her serum myoglobin reached 2,760 ng/ml. The relationship between the occurrence of hyponatremia secondary to water intoxication and rhabdomyolysis was suggested.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

[Water intoxication and brain edema in psychogenic polydipsia (author's transl)].

A case of psychogenic polydipsia is presented that showed psychic decompensation and compulsive drinking under the acute stress of an imminent operation for ovarian cyst. Without any indication of an underlying organic disease process the patient developed acute water intoxication due to the uncontrolled intake of water from the tap, this caused hyponatremia, brain edema, coma and status epilepticus. The physiology of water intoxication is reviewed in relation to this case, which is also remarkable for the acute onset and the shortness of the polydipsic state.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, and hyperglucagonemia in acute water intoxication.

When acute (four-hour) hyponatremia with clinical signs of water intoxication was produced in normal weanling mice by the use of hypotonic glucose or deionized water, there was a two-to-fourfold increase in plasma glucose concentration. Concomitantly, concentrations of plasma insulin fell 63 to 68 per cent, whereas plasma glucagon increased to 262 per cent of control. The findings are compatible with stress-induced catecholamine release.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1979

Water intoxication after oxytocin-induced midtrimester abortion.

Two cases of water intoxication assoicated with midtrimester induction of abortion with oxytocin are presented. Both patients recovered from this potentially fatal condition which is associated with acute hyponatraemia. Some of the pertinent literature is reviewed and the possible mechanisms of causation and measures for prevention and treatment are discussed.

Abortion, Induced↗

PubMed1992

A survey of patient attitudes toward self-induced water intoxication.

Twenty male chronic schizophrenics suffering from self-induced water intoxication were administered a 15 item questionnaire to assess their understanding of and attitudes toward drinking fluids. Eighty-five percent stated they drank excessive amounts of fluids in order to feel better. These findings have implications for the treatment of patients with this disorder.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed1991

The successful treatment of psychogenic polydipsia and water intoxication with propanolol. A case report.

Psychogenic polydipsia (PPD), which can lead to water intoxication (WI), is a problem with many psychiatric patients. The case history of one schizophrenic patient presented here shows that propanolol therapy can reduce PPD and WI, possibly decrease thirst, and improve schizophrenic symptoms and behavior. When combined with regular weight evaluation and behavioral treatment to restrict water intake, the therapy can further reduce the risk of developing life-threatening WI complications.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Water intoxication and oxytocin infusion.

The case reports are presented of two patients who developed water intoxication after high-dose oxytocin infusions. Plasma sodium and urine flow were studied in two further patients given high-dose oxytocin infusions. The findings are related to previously published observations.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Water intoxication: a complication of pelvic US in a patient with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.

A woman was first seen with water intoxication caused by the voluntary ingestion of water in an attempt to fill her bladder before undergoing pelvic ultrasound (US). As in two other reported cases, this woman was receiving medication that causes the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. A patient undergoing transabdominal pelvic US who is receiving these medications and whose bladder is not full should undergo examination by means of a transvaginal or endorectal route.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Oral water intoxication in infants. An American epidemic.

Between 1975 and 1990, a total of 34 patients with water intoxication were treated at St Louis (Mo) Children's Hospital, 24 of these in the last 3 years, indicating a marked increase in incidence of this previously rare condition. Thirty-one were infants living in poverty who ingested excessive amounts of water offered at home by their caretakers. Exhaustion of the supply of infant formula was the most common reason given for this substitution. Infants were treated by a single infusion of hypertonic saline or a slow infusion of isotonic saline. Central pontine myelinolysis was not observed as a complication of hypertonic saline therapy. Modification of the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children to provide sufficient formula for the growing infant and better education of mothers as to the hazards of excessive water ingestion might reduce the incidence of this preventable and life-threatening condition.

Disease Outbreaks↗

PubMed1990

Acute water intoxication after intranasal desmopressin in a patient with primary polydispsia.

Only a few cases of severe acute water intoxication (AWI) due to intranasal desmopressin have been reported, none of which occurred in patients with primary polydipsia. We describe a case of AWI with semicoma and convulsions, due to intranasal desmopressin, in a 32-year-old patient with dipsogenic diabetes insipidus. Previous reported cases of AWI due to desmopressin are discussed. The importance of ruling out primary polydipsia when this drug is used, not only for central diabetes insipidus but also for other current indications such as classic hemophilia, is stressed.

Administration, Intranasal↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing program to meet the challenge of caring for patients with water intoxication.

This article describes a program that is effective in working with psychiatric patients who have trouble with excessive water intake. The purpose of the program is to provide consistent treatment in a controlled and therapeutic environment in which the special needs of these patients can be met. We incorporate a variety of nursing interventions suggested by the literature to help meet the goals of the program. As a result of the program, disruptive behavior has decreased and patients have learned skills to help them manage their illness. An additional benefit of the program is that working with water intoxication patients is no longer stressful for staff.

Hospital Units↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Understanding water intoxication. Part I in a II-Part series.

While knowledge exists concerning the symptoms and possible causes of water intoxication, the exact etiology remains unclear. If proper nursing strategies are to be developed, it is crucial to carefully assess each patient with polydipsia and plan interventions related to what is known about that patient.

Humans↗

PubMed1977

Water intoxication, psychosis, and inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.

A review of the literature and the three presented cases indicate that multiple factors are often involved in the development of water intoxication in the psychotic. Although the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormones (SIADH) is one of these factors, it is usually associated with other causes of the SIADH. Evidence is lacking that the SIADH is an essential feature of a psychotic illness.

Delusions↗

PubMed1991

Drinking, thirst and water intoxication.

Drinking is an activity determined partly by oropharyngeal stimulation and gastrointestinal sensations as well as biochemical changes, and thirst need not be involved. It is sometimes disturbed in mania or depression. Overdrinking (polydipsia) is common in long-stay in-patients, but only gives rise to water intoxication when there is a variable functional renal abnormality such as SIADH causing water retention. In contrast, in affective disorders, disturbance of sodium retention may be seen, possibly representing failure of nervous vascular control as part of the mental illness.

Bipolar Disorder↗