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PubMed1986

The arterial supply of the thumb, first web and index finger and its surgical application.

A detailed examination of twenty cadaver hands has been carried out in order to elucidate the arterial blood supply of the thumb, first web, and index finger, relating this to revascularization, replantation and possible flaps in that area. The vessels are described in turn, and it is demonstrated that the terms "princeps pollicis" and "arteria radialis indicis" are misnomers. The results of the dissections are compared to those of others and the differences recorded.

Arteries↗

PubMed2026

SynFlow: an interactive online genome structural variant viewer.

MOTIVATION: Structural variations (SVs), including inversions, translocations (TRAs), duplications, and large insertions or deletions, are key drivers of genome evolution and phenotypic diversity. With the increasing number of high-quality, chromosome-scale genome assemblies, the ability to detect and interpret SVs has become a crucial aspect of modern genomics. While SV detection has advanced, most visualization methods produce static plots that fall short when researchers, particularly in comparative genomics, need to interactively explore large datasets, zoom into specific genomic regions, or dynamically filter structural events in real time. RESULTS: To address this gap, we introduce SynFlow, a lightweight, web-based interactive application specifically designed for exploring and visualizing SVs identified by SyRI. We demonstrate that SynFlow can reproduce complex static synteny plots published in literature, but transforms them into dynamic, shareable visualizations that support real-time filtering, reordering, and deep exploration of specific SVs, including TRAs. SynFlow is available as a web server and offers multiple entry points: browsing precomputed datasets (e.g. banana and grapevine genomes), uploading user-provided SyRI outputs, or running an integrated workflow to produce and visualize SVs on the fly. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: https://synflow.southgreen.fr; source code https://github.com/SouthGreenPlatform/synflow; preprocessing Snakemake workflow https://gitlab.cirad.fr/agap/cluster/snakemake/synflow.

Software↗

PubMed2025

Tsbrowse: an interactive browser for ancestral recombination graphs.

SUMMARY: Ancestral recombination graphs (ARGs) represent the interwoven paths of genetic ancestry of a set of recombining sequences. The ability to capture the evolutionary history of samples makes ARGs valuable in a wide range of applications in population and statistical genetics. ARG-based approaches are increasingly becoming a part of genetic data analysis pipelines due to breakthroughs enabling ARG inference at biobank-scale. However, there is a lack of visualization tools, which are crucial for validating inferences and generating hypotheses. We present tsbrowse, an open-source, web-based Python application for the interactive visualization of the fundamental building blocks of ARGs, i.e. nodes, edges and mutations. We demonstrate the application of tsbrowse to various data sources and scenarios, and highlight its key features of browsability along the genome, user interactivity, and scalability to very large sample sizes. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: Tsbrowse is installed as a Python package from PyPI (https://pypi.org/project/tsbrowse/), while a development version is maintained at https://github.com/tskit-dev/tsbrowse. Documentation is available at https://tskit.dev/tsbrowse/docs/. Source code is archived on Zenodo with DOI, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15683039.

Software↗

PubMed1987

Further application of VM-plasty.

The use of VM-plasty in the repair of web contracture and its application for other regions are presented. We refined VM-plasty so that both ends remain in the "dog ear" form, eschewing the conventional excision and instead making flaps that are set in a zigzag shape. This procedure results in an increase in the effect of extension to the lateral direction, in addition to preventing recontracture. This method is used not only to repair finger web contracture but also for other contracted scars. No recontracture has been observed, and good results have been obtained.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

A three-flap web-plasty for release of short congenital syndactyly and dorsal adduction contracture.

This article describes a technique for interdigital web space deepening, which is applicable to incomplete syndactyly proximal to the proximal interphalangeal joint and to dorsal web space adduction contracture resulting from thermal injury. It consists of a dorsal rectangular flap and two palmar triangular flaps. The flaps are reversed to release dorsal adduction contracture. This procedure provides a broad commissure with a natural slope. A skin graft is avoided. A mathematical model shows that when the length-width ratio of the flaps is 1:1, the surface area of each flap is greater than or equal to the surface area of the defect it covers and the length of every flap edge is equal to or greater than its corresponding defect edge. If a web has a low apex angle and the skin is elastic, the length-width ratio may be as great as 1.5:1. The flaps will still cover the defects and small inequalities between certain flap and defect edges will be accommodated.

Contracture↗

PubMed2026

Seed-derived mucilage polysaccharides as biomaterials for in vivo tissue regeneration: A systematic review.

Chronic wounds, bone defects, and cartilage injuries represent persistent clinical challenges requiring biomaterial platforms that actively regulate inflammation, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Conventional synthetic dressings often provide limited biological activity in these contexts. Seed-derived mucilages - polysaccharide-rich hydrocolloids obtained from chia (Salvia hispanica), flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), psyllium (Plantago ovata), guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), quince (Cydonia oblonga) etc. - have emerged as biocompatible, biodegradable, and chemically versatile platforms for tissue engineering. This systematic review, conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, synthesized in vivo evidence on seed-derived mucilage-based biomaterials across wound healing, bone repair, cartilage regeneration, and related applications. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched for original in vivo experimental studies published in English between 2020 and 2026. Eligible studies reported at least one measurable regenerative outcome. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers, and methodological quality was assessed using the SYRCLE Risk of Bias tool. Forty-three studies were included. Hydrogels were the dominant biomaterial format, followed by films, scaffolds, sponges, nanoparticle systems, and bilayer or Janus composites. Included systems generally improved wound closure, re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, angiogenesis, antioxidant defense, and inflammatory regulation. However, most studies used small animals with short follow-up periods, and many incorporated nanoparticles or bioactive agents, limiting attribution of efficacy to the mucilage matrix alone. Risk of bias was predominantly unclear due to insufficient reporting of randomization and blinding. Blank mucilage controls, standardized characterization, long-term biosafety data, and clinically relevant models are essential prerequisites for translational progress.

Humans↗

PubMed1990

Pharmacologic activity of bepafant (WEB 2170), a new and selective hetrazepinoic antagonist of platelet activating factor.

The hetrazepine WEB 2170 (international nonproprietary name: bepafant), a thieno-triazolodiazepine that is structurally related to the recently described platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist WEB 2086, is a potent and selective PAF antagonist both in vitro and in vivo. WEB 2170 inhibited PAF-induced human platelet and neutrophil aggregation in vitro (IC50 values: 0.3 and 0.83 microM, respectively) but had little or no inhibitory action against aggregation induced by other agonists. The potency in vitro was comparable to that described recently for WEB 2086 (Casals-Stenzel, J., Muacevic, G. and Weber, K.H.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 241: 974-981, 1987). When guinea pigs were given i.v. infusions of PAF at 30 ng x kg-1 x min-1, oral (0.005-0.5 mg/kg) as well as intravenous (0.005-0.05 mg/kg) treatment with WEB 2170 abrogated the intrathoracic accumulation of 111In-labeled platelets, the bronchoconstriction and the hypotension as well as the finally occurring death in a dose-dependent fashion. Oral (0.01-1 mg/kg) and intravenous (0.005-0.1 mg/kg) WEB 2170 shared with the beta 2 agonist fenoterol and the steroid dexamethasone the property of protecting elderly NMRI mice from the lethal effect of PAF. In anesthetized rats, intravenous (0.001-0.1 mg/kg) and oral (0.05-1 mg/kg) WEB 2170 inhibited PAF-induced hypotension in a dose-related manner. Coadministration of WEB 2170 inhibited PAF-induced increase of vascular permeability in rat skin very effectively. The half-time of duration of action in the rat was estimated to be about 5 to 6 h after oral administration and about 1.1 to 2.3 h after intravenous application. In conclusion, the hetrazepine WEB 2170 is a strong and selective PAF antagonist, which is in vitro more or less equipotent to WEB 2086. In contrast, in vivo oral WEB 2170 is--depending on the species and considered parameter--about 5 to 40 times more potent against exogenous PAF-induced alterations than the recently described hetrazepine WEB 2086. Particularly in mice and rats, oral WEB 2170 is by far superior to WEB 2086.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1977

Free neurovascular flap from the first web of the foot in hand reconstruction.

To identify an anatomically reliable and functionally acceptable neurovascular free flap for use in hand reconstruction, 50 fresh cadaver feet were dissected under the operating microscope, with particular attention paid to the anatomy of the first web area. A distal communicating artery was seen in 100% of dissections, allowing either dorsal or plantar donor artery inflow to nourish the entire flap area. Because of the ease of dissection, the first dorsal metatarsal or dorsalis pedis is suggested as the donor artery, and a dorsal branch of the greater saphenous venous system is suggested as the donor vein. The deep peroneal nerve was seen to consistently innervate the first web and, along with the plantar digital nerves, is suggested as an anatomically identifiable donor nerve. Either part of the foot first web may be used alone or together as a free flap. When indicated further dorsal skin may be incorporated into the web flap to expand its application. Two-point discrimination studies of the lateral plantar surface of the great toe in 50 normal individuals showed an average of 11.2 mm. This was significantly better as a potential donor flap than the medial dorsum of the foot where the average was 32 mm. A single case demonstrating the application of this flap in hand reconstruction is presented.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Copper-Containing Surface Engineering for Soft-Tissue Biomedical Devices: Structure-Function Relationships and Ion Release-Driven Biological Performance, A Systematic Review.

Copper and copper-based materials have gained increasing attention for the functional modification of implantable medical devices intended for prolonged soft-tissue contact, including vascular stents, catheters, and intrauterine devices. Owing to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, redox reactivity, and involvement in angiogenesis and cellular signaling, copper-based systems offer significant potential for multifunctional surface engineering. However, achieving a balance between antibacterial efficacy, corrosion behavior, controlled ion release, and cytocompatibility remains a critical challenge. This PRISMA-compliant systematic review analyzes copper-containing materials and surface modification strategies for soft-tissue biomedical applications. A structured search of Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed (2015-2025) identified 65 eligible studies. The review encompasses bulk copper-containing alloys, electrochemical and chemical surface modification techniques, physical vapor deposition approaches, and advanced hybrid systems integrating copper with polymers, hydrogels, or metal-phenolic networks. Across the reviewed literature, antibacterial performance was strongly dependent on copper concentration, microstructural distribution, and spatiotemporal ion release profiles. Moderate, well-controlled copper incorporation frequently improved antibacterial efficacy while maintaining acceptable hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility, particularly in vascular and blood-contacting devices. In contrast, excessive copper loading often accelerated corrosion and induced adverse cellular responses. Emerging multifunctional architectures demonstrated improved regulation of biological interactions, enabling simultaneous antibacterial, antithrombotic, and proendothelial effects. Overall, copper-based surface technologies represent a versatile platform for soft-tissue implant modification. Future translational progress will require precise control of copper release kinetics and comprehensive long-term in vivo validation to ensure safety and sustained therapeutic performance. From the authors' perspective, the most promising future direction involves multifunctional copper-based hybrid coatings capable of dynamically regulating ion release, host tissue integration, and antibacterial performance simultaneously. Strategies integrating hierarchical architectures, stimulus-responsive release systems, and clinically scalable fabrication methods are expected to play a key role in translating copper-containing surfaces from experimental concepts toward commercially viable soft-tissue biomedical devices.

Copper↗

PubMed2004

EnsMart: a generic system for fast and flexible access to biological data.

The EnsMart system (www.ensembl.org/EnsMart) provides a generic data warehousing solution for fast and flexible querying of large biological data sets and integration with third-party data and tools. The system consists of a query-optimized database and interactive, user-friendly interfaces. EnsMart has been applied to Ensembl, where it extends its genomic browser capabilities, facilitating rapid retrieval of customized data sets. A wide variety of complex queries, on various types of annotations, for numerous species are supported. These can be applied to many research problems, ranging from SNP selection for candidate gene screening, through cross-species evolutionary comparisons, to microarray annotation. Users can group and refine biological data according to many criteria, including cross-species analyses, disease links, sequence variations, and expression patterns. Both tabulated list data and biological sequence output can be generated dynamically, in HTML, text, Microsoft Excel, and compressed formats. A wide range of sequence types, such as cDNA, peptides, coding regions, UTRs, and exons, with additional upstream and downstream regions, can be retrieved. The EnsMart database can be accessed via a public Web site, or through a Java application suite. Both implementations and the database are freely available for local installation, and can be extended or adapted to 'non-Ensembl' data sets.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Secondary coverage of the hand using a dorsalis pedis plus first web space free flap.

Traditionally, severe degloving injuries of the hand have been treated with random abdominal or pedicled groin flaps, which offer good cutaneous coverage but do not provide sensibility. The authors present the results of the application of an extended dorsalis pedis plus first web space of the foot flap to resurface the hands of five male patients who had been treated originally with random abdominal or pedicled groin flaps. The reported flap has the advantage of providing the patient with up to three different nerve territories, aiding in a better functional use of the hand.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Privacy, security, and reliability risks of artificial intelligence in healthcare: a systematic review of empirical evidence.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into healthcare information systems, supporting clinical decision-making, imaging analysis, and predictive modeling. While these applications offer operational and clinical benefits, they also introduce emerging risks to patient privacy, data security, and system reliability. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review empirical evidence on privacy breaches, security vulnerabilities, and misuse associated with AI applications in healthcare settings. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library were searched for empirical studies published between January 2015 and November 2025 that evaluated AI use or misuse in clinical diagnosis, treatment, or decision-making. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data using a standardized form. Findings were synthesized narratively due to heterogeneity in study designs, AI methods, and reported outcomes. RESULTS: Of 7,285 records identified through database searches and 205 through citation screening, 22 empirical studies met the inclusion criteria, spanning multiple clinical domains and data modalities, predominantly medical imaging applications. Five recurring threat categories were identified: patient re-identification, membership inference, unauthorized access and adversarial exploitation, input manipulation, and misuse or overinterpretation of AI outputs. Across studies, AI models were shown to encode latent biometric signals across diverse data types, limiting the effectiveness of traditional anonymization and synthetic data approaches. Adversarial attacks and input manipulation were also shown to compromise diagnostic performance and system integrity. CONCLUSION: This systematic review provides empirical evidence suggesting that contemporary AI systems in healthcare introduce privacy and security risks that may challenge traditional assumptions about data protection. These findings underscore the need for privacy- and security-by-design approaches and governance frameworks that address risks across the AI lifecycle.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Searching the druggable genome using large language models.

SUMMARY: The druggable genome encompasses the genes that are known or predicted to interact with drugs. The Drug-Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb) provides an integrated resource for discovering and contextualizing these interactions, supporting a broad range of research and clinical applications. DGIdb is currently accessed through structured web interfaces and API calls, requiring users to translate natural-language questions into database-specific query patterns. To allow for the use of DGIdb through natural language, we developed the DGIdb Model Context Protocol (MCP) server, which allows large language models (LLMs) access to up-to-date information through the DGIdb API. We demonstrate that the MCP server improves an LLM's ability to answer questions requiring accurate, up-to-date biomedical knowledge drawn from structured external resources. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The DGIdb MCP server is detailed at https://github.com/dgidb/dgidb-mcp-server and includes instructions for accessing the server through the Claude desktop app.

Large Language Models↗

PubMed2026

Searching the Druggable Genome using Large Language Models.

SUMMARY: The druggable genome encompasses the genes that are known or predicted to interact with drugs. The Drug-Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb) provides an integrated resource for discovering and contextualizing these interactions, supporting a broad range of research and clinical applications. DGIdb is currently accessed through structured web interfaces and API calls, requiring users to translate natural-language questions into database-specific query patterns. To allow for the use of DGIdb through natural language, we developed the DGIdb Model Context Protocol (MCP) server, which allows large language models (LLMs) access to up-to-date information through the DGIdb API. We demonstrate that the MCP server greatly enhances an LLM's ability to answer questions requiring accurate, up-to-date biomedical knowledge drawn from structured external resources. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The DGIdb MCP server is detailed at https://github.com/griffithlab/dgidb-mcp-server and includes instructions for accessing the server through the Claude desktop app.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2026

Sechium edule: Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, Potential Health Effects, Food-Industry Applications, and Future Perspectives.

Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. (chayote), a neglected and underutilized Cucurbitaceae crop widely cultivated across tropical and subtropical regions, has drawn growing interest as a source of health-promoting food components. This review critically synthesizes studies published between 2000 and 2026 on its botanical features, genome characterization, nutritional value, phytochemistry, bioactivities, safety, and food-industry applications, based on literature retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library. Different plant parts (fruits, leaves, seeds, tuberous roots, and peels) contain diverse bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, cucurbitacins, pectin polysaccharides, and carotenoids. Reported bioactivities include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, cardioprotective, antiproliferative, and geroprotective effects, mediated in part through Nrf2-mediated antioxidant signaling and sirtuin (SIRT1/3/5/6) upregulation. Notably, a systematic meta-analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in serum glucose (MD = -20.56; 95% CI: -29.35 to -11.77) and HbA1c following three months of chayote intake in patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Industrially, chayote has been developed into fermented products, starch- and peel-derived bioactive films, ultrasound-extracted pectin, α-amylase inhibitory seed protein isolates, and probiotic encapsulation systems. Recent genomic work has further revealed a chromosome-level genome assembly, whole-genome duplication events, and a domestication history tracing to Mexico's Oaxaca region. Collectively, this evidence positions chayote as a promising underutilized resource for food, nutraceutical, and biomedical use, while highlighting key gaps: the need for standardized clinical trials, bioavailability studies, and comprehensive safety evaluation.

Sechium edule↗

PubMed1985

Supportive ties: a political economy perspective.

The growing body of evidence linking social support and health has important implications for health promotion, disease prevention and treatment. But serious unsolved problems remain in the areas of research, practice and policy. Key among these are the ethical issues which arise when the reality of the importance of social support is translated simplistically into a policy emphasis stressing individual and interpersonal responsibility for health and justifying major cutbacks in health and social programs. This article examines the interdependencies between supportive ties on the individual and community levels and the larger social and political environments within which social networks operate. The effectiveness of families and other micro level support systems is seen as heavily dependent upon the adequacy of programs and policies on the local state and national levels which provide help with income maintenance, housing, transportation and other basic necessities. The cutting back of these more basic programs and services will be seen to disrupt the delicate web of natural relationships. Professionals concerned with the application of social support and health findings need to look beyond the individual and interpersonal levels toward policy and institutional level interventions. They thus may make an important contribution in advocating on behalf of those policies and programs which are critical to the effective functioning of natural helping networks, and which are at the same time faced with cutbacks. By helping alert colleagues, policy makers and the public both to the promise of the social support and health findings, and to the interdependence of support on local, state and national levels, health educators and others in the health professions may help to facilitate the effective application of these findings in policy and practice.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2026

A machine learning-based predictive model for radiosensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma utilizing serum proteomics.

BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains highly sensitive to radiotherapy; however, radioresistance in a subset of patients leads to local recurrence and distant metastasis. Serum proteomics provides a minimally invasive approach to capturing dynamic physiological changes, and machine learning enables efficient construction of predictive models. This study aimed to develop and validate a serum proteomics–based machine-learning model for predicting radiotherapy sensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS: Pretreatment serum samples from newly diagnosed NPC patients were analyzed using SELDI-TOF-MS. Differentially expressed proteins between radiosensitive and radioresistant groups were identified using limma. GO and KEGG analyses were performed to explore functional enrichment. Twelve machine-learning algorithms were used to construct predictive models, and the top-performing models were optimized through feature selection. A Random Forest model with seven features was identified as the optimal model. External validation was performed using an independent cohort with ELISA-quantified protein levels. Model performance was assessed using Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), calibration analysis, decision curve analysis (DCA), and 10-fold cross-validation. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was applied for model interpretability, and the final model was deployed via a ShinyAPP. RESULTS: A total of 96 differentially expressed proteins were identified, which involved multiple function and signaling pathways. The Random Forest model demonstrated the best predictive performance, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.963 in the training set and 0.975 in the validation set. Cross-validation yielded an average AUC of 0.965. DCA indicated high clinical utility across a broad threshold range, and calibration curves showed good model agreement. Seven proteins (PLXND1, GSR, PGD, PTPRC, OR2T29, ACTG2, CHAD) were selected as final features. SHAP analysis provided global and individual-level interpretability. A web-based tool was developed to facilitate clinical application. CONCLUSION: This study establishes a robust serum proteomics–based machine-learning model capable of accurately predicting radiotherapy sensitivity in NPC. The model offers clinical interpretability and practical implementation, supporting personalized radiotherapy decision-making.

Humans↗

PubMed1992

Future horizons of lung preservation by application of a platelet-activating factor antagonist compared with current clinical standards. Euro-Collins flush perfusion versus donor core cooling.

With the introduction of platelet-activating factor antagonists, a direct inhibition of ischemia-induced reperfusion injury can be achieved by prevention of platelet activation, reduction of microvascular leakage, and platelet-activating factor-induced bronchoconstriction. At present, two preservation methods are established for clinical lung preservation: (1) donor core cooling by extracorporeal circulation and (2) pulmonary artery flush with Euro-Collins solution and prostacyclin. We compared the quality of organ preservation obtained with these methods to the application of a platelet-activating factor antagonist (WEB 2170; 0.3 mg/kg) for the donor, perfusion solution, and throughout the first 6 hours of reperfusion in combination with prostacyclin (20 ng/kg/min) and Euro-Collins solution (60 ml/kg). Eighteen heterotopic heart and orthotopic left lung transplants were performed in three groups of six dogs each after 6 hours of cold ischemia (group I, donor core cooling; group II, Euro-Collins flush and prostacyclin; group III, Euro-Collins flush, prostacyclin, and WEB 2170). Myocardial preservation was achieved with St. Thomas' Hospital solution (20 ml/kg) in all groups. After transplantation, cardiorespiratory function was assessed at an inspired oxygen fraction of 0.4. After transplantation, superior results were observed in group III, as expressed by significantly improved oxygenation, while cardiac output and pulmonary artery pressures were similar in all groups. We concluded that the use of the platelet-activating factor antagonist WEB 2170 resulted in better lung preservation than current clinical standards.

Animals↗