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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1976

Computer-assisted differential diagnosis of laboratory abnormalities and follow-up testing. Evaluation of the accuracy of a computer program.

An evaluation is made of a computer program which generates a differential diagnostic list given a set of input data obtained from an admission chemistry screening profile. The program is tested by supplying input data on patients for whom diseases are known. The laboratory data from 367 patients are examined. Accurate computer diagnosis is obtained in many disease categories. The original computer program is modified to suggest the follow-up tests indicated based on the diagnoses it makes. By using this program and some additional clinical input from the physician, the clinical pathologist can select the most appropriate computer diagnosis and begin the follow-up testing. Accelerated diagnosis and patient care should result.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

[Digital computer arthrometry of the upper ankle joint using a personal computer. A new procedure].

The digital computerarthrometry (DCAM) was developed as a very cost-effective device to calculate the pathologic angles of injured joints. The joint's data are captured by a frame grabber-board installed in a personal computer after takeover from the X-rays by a video camera. Measurements are performed using a commercially available software package which displays the X-ray-photograph on a separate screen besides the one used to manipulate the computer. With this system the calculations of angles and distances of the injured joints are performed with considerably higher precision as it could be done before. As a further possibility bone density measurements may be done from the X-rays as it had been tried to before computers could be used. Our first results seem to present our system as an alternative to the costly workstations, that had to be used until now.

Ankle Joint↗

PubMed1977

A computer program for the on-line computation of cardiac output from thermodilution curves.

An accurate, rapid calculation of Cardiac Output is of great importance during the treatment of critically ill patients. This paper describes a complete, self-contained mini-computer system, based on a Data General NOVA 1220 which can accurately sample data and compute the results in about 30 sec. The system uses the thermodilution method with a Swan-Ganz catheter to collect data and a weighted least-squares technique to compute the results.

Cardiac Catheterization↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Computer interface and software analysis for multi-channel, on-line temperature recording to any micro-computer.

A simple, inexpensive computer interface designed for in vitro or in vivo researchers with limited electronic experience allows direct on-line multi-channel temperature recording from thermistor probes to any micro-computer. The designed system saves time and increases the accuracy of collected data that are ready for storage in files compatible with graphic and statistical software. In vitro testing of the designed interface, over a range of 25-45 degrees C, showed a 0.999 intraclass correlation to reference water bath temperatures. In vivo testing using anesthetized rats involved simultaneous measurements of: (1) a thermogenic tissue, interscapular brown adipose temperature (IBAT), (2) core (colonic) temperature, and (3) surface (tail) temperature, a heat loss tissue. The temperatures measured by the designed computer-interface demonstrate excellent stability, sensitivity and accuracy when compared to respective temperatures measured by a YSI telethermometer.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

[Computer tomographic demonstration of lymph node metastases from malignant testicular tumours. A comparison of lymphography and computer tomography (author's transl)].

Lymphography and computer tomography was performed on 64 patients with malignant testicular tumours in order to demonstrate lymph node metastases. In 60 patients it was possible to confirm the findings by surgery. In 43 patients there was agreement between the findings of the computer tomogram and the lymphogram. In 39 of these patients lymph node metastases had been demonstrated, in three there was a false negative and in one a false positive. Amongst the patients in whom there was a descrepancy between the two types of examination, the CT findings were confirmed histologically in twelve, and the lymphographic findings in nine. In 12.5% CT added significant additional information. Accuracy of lymphography was 73% and of computer tomography 80%. Specificity for each examination was 79%.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Distributed laboratory computing. Integration of a laboratory computer into a hospital information system.

The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, a large teaching hospital and tertiary care referral center, has implemented a vendor-supplied laboratory computer package operating on a dedicated minicomputer. A high-speed communications link allows the laboratory computer to share patient administrative, census, and test result data with the central hospital information system on an interactive basis. Operational characteristics of the system are discussed, and special attention is given to the critical problems and advantages of interfacing two computers.

Computers↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Computational analysis and dosimetric evaluation of a commercial irregular-fields computer program.

The proper evaluation of the accuracy of a new computer program for radiation-therapy dosimetry requires consideration of both the mathematical algorithm used in the program and the performance required in clinical applications. As an example, our evaluation of the irregular-fields dosimetry program currently marketed by SHM for their Rad-8 system is described. The evaluation begins with an explanation of the mathematical computation described. The evaluation begins with an explanation of the mathematical computation method, with emphasis on the points where the calculation differs from previous methods. Next, the procedure for setting up the beam data file is discussed. Finally, a step-by-step procedure is described in which calculated doses are compared with measured doses, using a Varian Clinac-4 with lead flattening filter, and the limits within which a +/- 5% accuracy is attainable are estimated. Some sources of error and areas for possible improvements are mentioned.

Computers↗

PubMed1989

Psychology of computer use: XVI. Effect of computer-pointing devices on children's processing rate.

Computer-pointing devices for input into microcomputers have become a commonplace component in direct manipulation interfaces. Use of these peripheral devices by children should result in processing rates comparable to those obtained when children are pointing with their fingers or other means. Recent research suggests that children's processing rates are substantially lower when they are manipulating computer devices. One possibility is that a child's motor system is subjected to a greater load because the child's hands are not visible while the action of pointing with a computer is being carried out. The effect of two conditions (viewing hands, not viewing hands) on 6-, 8-, and 10-yr.-old children's processing rates was investigated. Results showed that there was no difference between the two conditions although low processing rates similar to those previously obtained were recorded.

Attention↗

PubMed1990

Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacture (CAD-CAM) applications in cosmetic below-elbow prostheses.

Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacture (CAD/CAM) techniques, though often technologically associated with engineering and applied sciences, has opened new horizons in the medical field. In CAD, a product is first geometrically modelled in three dimensions in a computer and it can be viewed and examined from any direction. This model can then be used for many downstream applications such as manufacturing and analysis. In CAM, numerically controlled machining processes are used for cutting out a prosthetic device of the hand for prosthesis. The paper aims at establishing the basis of using CAD/CAM techniques in prostheses in particular, a review of our present work done in the area of below-elbow prostheses using CAD/CAM. A laser scanning device has been used to capture the geometry of human hands. The algorithm used in processing the images is discussed. The processed 3D data file is then interfaced with a CAD modeller where reconstruction, mirroring, scaling, etc., can be performed. The resultant CAD model is then passed on to CAM, which concentrates purely on producing a "positive core" mould for moulding the prosthetic device.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1990

Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) in prosthetics.

Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems for the design and manufacture of limb prostheses have recently become commercially available. However, rigorous evaluations of these systems have not been performed to determine whether they produce sockets that fit as well as or better than sockets made using conventional design methods. A controlled evaluation protocol, in which computer-designed sockets are compared with conventionally designed sockets, has been developed and pilot tested at the authors' facility. A full trial of one of the commercially available systems for transtibial sockets is currently in progress. In preliminary findings, the CAD/CAM socket was preferred by one-half of the first 20 subjects. During the course of this trial, it was noted that the CAD/CAM technique seems to be better suited to some prosthetists than others.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

[Continuous automatic ECG analysis using a computer with the cardiac signal directly led in from the patient (II). The diagnosis of heart rhythm disorders using a computer].

It is shown that appraisal and comparison of the duration of the R-R intervals in continuous surveillance of patients by means of electronic computers on the on-line regimen provides for automatic diagnosis of most types of disorders of the cardiac rhythm. The elaborated criterion of arrhythmic cardiac contraction (ACR-R), which takes into account not only the absolute value of the time between heart contractions but also the trend of the changes in the next R-R interval, provides a high percentage of revealed arrhythmic contractions. Disorders of the rate of cardiac contractions may be diagnosed by means of an electronic computer by comparison between the mean value of intervals of normal duration and the preset threshold values. Disorders of the rhythm may be diagnosed by means of an electronic computer by assessment and comparison of the arrangement of the combinations of short, normal, and long R-R intervals. The elaborated algorithms are described in detail and the block diagrams of the programs are shown.

Arrhythmia, Sinus↗

PubMed1991

Psychology of computer use: XXIV. Computer-related stress among technical college students.

Hudiburg's Computer Technology Hassles Scale, along with a measure of global stress and a scale on attitudes toward computers, were administered to 186 students in a two-year technical college. Hudiburg's work with the hassles scale as a measure of "technostress" was affirmed. Moderate, but statistically significant, correlations among the three scales are reported. No relationship between the hassles scale and achievement as measured by GPA was detected.

Achievement↗

PubMed1992

Computer-assisted 3D-reconstruction and statistics of the limbic system. 1. Computer-assisted 3D-reconstruction of the hippocampal formation, the fornix, and the mamillary bodies.

The hippocampal formation of eight perfusion-fixed human brains was examined using new methods according to stereotactic and morphometric principles (macrovibratome and computer-aided 3D reconstruction). The reconstructions form part of a neuroanatomical reference system (NeuRef). This reference system allows for 3D visualisation of the brain and its components on a computer graphic workstation, as well as for the presentation of the union set based on a neuroanatomical structure taken from this sample of brains. This retrievable knowledge of neurofunctional systems is important for the preoperative planning of neurosurgeons and the adjustment of radiotherapy.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Real-time 'computer-evaded' pseudo-holography of computed tomography images.

An off-line method of dynamic imaging has been developed to facilitate visualization of three-dimensional tomographic data during real-time manoeuvres. Stereo-pair projection of multiple contiguous cross-sectional images on a conventional 625 line 50 Hz television raster has been investigated and pseudo-holograms have been displayed. A Cartesian stereo-pair projection model incorporating three degrees of rotational freedom and perspective has been developed. Computer simulations of the model have been conducted and the feasibility of adopting a simplified model has been examined. A condensed solution with two degrees of freedom, retaining partial perspective effects, has been simulated and analysed for worst-case errors. Reasonable projection accuracy has been demonstrated for small orientation angles. Specialized display hardware has been developed and a departure has been made from conventional picture-element (pixel) display methodology. Elemental quadrilaterals (rho-pixels), varying in size, shape and screen position, have been considered as an alternative to static square pixels in a rigid matrix. Joystick-controlled rho-pixel arrays have been implemented with parallelogram-shaped rho-pixels incorporated as a simplified case of quadrilateral projection. Dynamic stereo-pair projections of 64 X 64 rho-pixel arrays have been generated from computed tomography (CT) images and the results of phantom studies on a four-plane system are discussed.

Computer Simulation↗

PubMed1992

[The physician and personal computers--applications of the personal computer].

Nowadays the personal computer is being used in a broad range of activities. Its user is also its operator, directly controlling the process. The paper describes both hardware and software, the structure of the PC, its input and output equipment, basic principles of work with a PC, programs and programming, as well as computer languages. A classification of personal computers is presented and the most frequently used types are assessed. (Fig. 6, Ref. 15.).

Expert Systems↗

PubMed1991

Right parietal stroke with Gerstmann's syndrome. Appearance on computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and single-photon emission computed tomography.

We examined a patient who exhibited Gerstmann's syndrome (left-right disorientation, finger agnosia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia) in association with a perioperative stroke in the right parietal lobe. This is the first description of the Gerstmann tetrad occurring in the setting of discrete right hemisphere pathologic findings. A well-localized vascular lesion was demonstrated by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and single-photon emission computed tomographic studies. The patient had clinical evidence of reversed functional cerebral dominance and radiologic evidence of reversed anatomic cerebral asymmetries.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗

PubMed1992

A comparison of gallium-67 single photon emission computed tomography and computed tomography in mediastinal Hodgkin's disease.

The role of gallium-67 single photon emission computed tomography (Ga-67 SPECT) in the assessment of mediastinal Hodgkin's disease was evaluated prospectively. Ga-67 SPECT and computed tomography (CT) were compared and correlated with clinical findings at initial presentation in 30 patients, 6 weeks after treatment, and 6 months later in 20 of the 30 patients. At initial presentation, active disease was detected on both imaging modalities on all occasions. 6 weeks after treatment CT showed residual mediastinal abnormality in 7 patients, whereas Ga-67 SPECT showed abnormal mediastinal tracer uptake in 3 patients. 6 months later CT showed residual mediastinal abnormality in 5 patients whereas all the Ga-67 SPECT studies were negative. Ga-67 SPECT imaging is a useful tool in assessing response to therapy in mediastinal Hodgkin's disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Instrumentation and computers for brain single photon emission computed tomography.

Cerebral single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) requires attention to the instrumentation because of the anatomical location of the head at one end of the body, with a generally narrower diameter than the rest of the body. For a number of years, there have been SPECT units designed especially for head work, as well as general-purpose units that have performed well in imaging the head. The current emphasis on cerebral perfusion, using either agents that wash in and out with blood flow or agents that reflect blood flow in their static distribution, has allowed a concentration on imaging hardware and computer hardware and software for this purpose.

Brain↗