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PubMed1987

[Acoustically evoked brain stem potentials. Prerequisites for clinical use, data quality and sources of error].

Ninety patients were subjected to brain-stem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) measurements in the intensive care unit. The data are analyzed and discussed with respect to their quality, reliability, and reproducibility. BAEPs of a quality satisfactory for diagnosis were found in 90% of the patients. About 10% of the measurements were distorted by artifacts and could not be used for diagnostic purposes. Reasons for these artifacts and problems of interpretation are discussed. Examples of single BAEPs and on-line monitoring of BAEPs in the form of "compressed BAEPs" are shown.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Automating the flight surgeon's report, simplifying the investigative-reportage task, and enhancing the data quality and depth: a concept.

Current U.S. Navy medical officers' investigative reports concerning aviation mishaps are filed on paper form Flight Surgeon's Reports (FSRs). Typically, the investigating medical officer has not investigated many mishaps and needs guidance to assure the thorough collection and reportage of available information, including that which often might seem at first to be extremely insignificant. Additionally, the FSRs often contain errors capable of being detected and corrected, as well as entries that appear questionnable and require verification. Often the FSR is laced with blanks which cloud interpretation: are these blanks the result of an actual non-availability of information, losses of information, or simply errors of omission? A positive statement for each blank, even a statement that the data were not available, would greatly aid those who later use the reports for analyses. Proposed herein is an approach for reducing the investigating medical officer's problems in collecting, collating, and reporting information, thereby enhancing the quality and completeness of the data, reducing the cost of data entry into Naval Safety Center computers, and, ultimately, enhancing the knowledge of the aircrew automated escape system and aircrew life support system community concerning the conditions of use and the performance of their equipment in emergency situations. Such knowledge enhancement should result in significant improvements in aircrew equipment and the effectiveness and safety of the aircrews.

Accidents, Aviation↗
PubMed1990

Tapping into quality data is next for hospital CME programs.

Hospitals have traditionally been one of physicians' favorite places in receive continuing medical education (CME). However, medical specialty societies are also playing an increasingly large role in the delivery of CME. In light of such results, executives might want to start considering other ways to make hospital-sponsored CME relevant, experts suggest. For example, some hospitals are turning their attention toward problem- or practice-based CME.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1992

Improvements in data quality in the USRDS database: determining treatment modalities.

Past USRDS estimates of the prevalent ESRD population have exceeded the counts reported by the HCFA Annual Facility Surveys. One expects the USRDS estimates to be lower because the Facility Surveys include non-Medicare patients generally not in the USRDS database. The methodology for determining the treatment histories of patients has been modified to define lost to follow-up periods as periods of at least one year during which the patient has no dialysis data and does not have a functioning transplant. Patients are not counted as prevalent when they are in such a lost to follow-up period. This change brings the USRDS year end prevalent counts down to about 94 percent of the Facility Survey counts of total dialysis patients and slightly over the Facility Survey counts of Medicare dialysis patients. This change raises prevalent mortality rates by about seven percent over the rates reported in the 1991 USRDS Annual Data Report. We expect to make further refinements in this methodology.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1989

Data quality and age: health and psychobehavioral correlates of item nonresponse and inconsistent responses.

This study examined item nonresponse and inconsistent responses (IRs) and their health and psychobehavioral correlates in a population-based survey of adults 65 years and older. We administered an in-person questionnaire concerning physical, social, and psychological health to 1,155 men (mean age = 73.7 years) and 1,942 women (mean age = 74.8 years). Nonresponse rates varied with item topic, and "don't know" (DK) responses were more common than refusals. DKs increased with age of respondent, tended to be more common in women than men, and were associated with poorer physical, cognitive, and psychological functioning. Conversely, IRs increased with age among men but not women, but were also associated with poorer physical, cognitive, and psychological functioning. Results are discussed in terms of motivational and attentional factors, and their implications for survey research with the frail elderly and very old are noted.

Affect↗
PubMed1986

A comparison of costs and data quality of three health survey methods: mail, telephone and personal home interview.

Three survey modes--a self-administered mailed questionnaire, a telephone interview, and a home interview--were assessed for survey costs, adequacy of completion, test-retest reliability, validity of responses to medical questions and estimates of morbidity. Costs per household for each mode were $A42.75, $A74.33, and $71.89, respectively. Item omission was confined virtually to the mail mode and averaged 5.5% over 84 questions assessed, while telephone and home interview modes averaged 0.4% and 0.2%, respectively. "Don't knows" were virtually absent for all questions except those about precise details (names, places, etc.) of events occurring often 10-15 years before the survey; no mode differences were observed. The mail mode produced less reliable responses to questions about environmental exposure to hazardous chemicals or activities when considered question-by-question, but differences were not significant among modes when all questions were grouped. Reliability was high to medical questions and no mode differences were observed. Medical conditions which would require a medical diagnosis for subjects to be able to report them were more reliably answered than conditions described in broad or lay terms. Validity of answers to medical questions varied across modes and types of questions; underreporting of medical conditions was highest in the mail mode and was lowest for conditions requiring a diagnosis. Overreporting was lowest in the mail mode and highest for conditions requiring a diagnostic opinion.

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed1991

An air quality data analysis system for interrelating effects, standards, and needed source reductions: Part 11. A lognormal model relating human lung function decrease to O3 exposure.

Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was measured in 21 men exercising while exposed to four O3 concentrations (0.0, 0.08, 0.10, and 0.12 ppm). A lognormal multiple linear regression model was fitted to their mean FEV1 measurements to predict FEV1 percent decrease as a function of O3 concentration and exposure duration. The exercise level used was probably comparable to heavy manual labor. The longest O3 exposure studied was 6 h. Extrapolating cautiously to an 8-h workday of heavy manual labor, the model predicts that O3 concentrations of 0.08, 0.10, and 0.12 ppm would decrease FEV1 by 9, 15, and 20 percent, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Evaluating Wearable Devices for Remote Monitoring in Psychosis: Pilot Study Nested Within the CONNECT Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Digital remote monitoring technologies, including smartphones and wearables, offer promising avenues for early detection of psychosis relapse. However, selecting devices that are acceptable to participants and produce high-quality data remains challenging. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this nested pilot study was to assess the acceptability and data quality of 3 commercially available wearable devices in people with psychosis recruited to the CONNECT cohort study. METHODS: Participants recruited to the CONNECT study before July 31, 2024, were included in the pilot study and selected 1 of 3 wearable devices: a Fitbit Charge 5, Samsung Galaxy Watch 5, or Apple Watch SE. Baseline demographics were compared between device groups. Acceptability of devices to participants was assessed through a Wearable Device Satisfaction Questionnaire after 3 months of use, with the proportion of positive responses to each question calculated and compared. Data completeness was also assessed by calculating the number (and percentage) of valid days of step count, heart rate, and sleep data, and comparing between groups. Data quality was assessed through summarizing the amount of troubleshooting required, additional metrics available from the wearables, and continuity of data completeness by calculating the proportion of participants with at least 3 days of heart rate data per week for the first 20 weeks of follow-up. Predefined criteria were used to determine the next steps for the wider CONNECT study: if one device was superior, this would be selected; if none were found to be superior and the Fitbit was found to be noninferior, then Fitbit would be retained. RESULTS: Of the first 107 participants recruited to CONNECT, 105 were included in the pilot study evaluation. The Samsung Galaxy Watch was selected most frequently by participants (46/105, 43.8%), followed by the Apple Watch (27/105, 25.7%), and Fitbit Charge (23/105, 21.9%). Differences in participant demographics were observed across device groups. Self-reported acceptability after use did not differ substantially between devices. However, in terms of data completeness, the median proportion of valid heart rate data days was significantly lower for Samsung Galaxy (median 31.2%, IQR 8.5%-46.0%) compared to Fitbit (median 80.1%, IQR 26.7%-95.0%; P=.003) and Apple Watch (median 49.3%, IQR 21.5%-86.0%; P=.02). There was no significant difference between Fitbit and Apple Watch. Similar patterns were observed for step count and sleep data. The Samsung Galaxy Watch required more frequent troubleshooting for data flow issues and lacked additional physiological metrics, available from the other devices. CONCLUSIONS: Due to comparatively lower data quality and technical performance, the Samsung Galaxy Watch was discontinued for use in the subsequent phase of the CONNECT study. The study highlights the importance of incorporating nested evaluations of devices in long-term research.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Applications of global statistics in analysing quality of life data.

Quality of life (QOL) instruments usually consist of a number of components, each of which deals specifically with a particular functionally related dysfunction. In a clinical trial whose primary aim is the evaluation of the treatment by means of QOL instruments, analysis of each of the components usually consists of either univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) or some non-parametric methods. This multiple testing approach can produce an increase in false positive findings. One attempt to correct for this is the Bonferroni adjustment. Another approach is to apply global statistics (parametric or non-parametric) for the null hypothesis of no treatment difference versus the alternative hypothesis that one treatment is uniformly better than the other for QOL instruments as a whole. Data from a randomized double-blind trial of 111 congestive heart failure patients, which involved four QOL instruments, were analysed with univariate ANOVA, Bonferroni adjustment, parametric and non-parametric global statistics. The global statistics complemented the univariate methods and made the presentation of QOL data very effective. I recommend the general use of global statistics in analysis of QOL data.

Attitude to Health↗