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Results for “deep tissue imaging”

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PubMed2026

Linking cortical structure and delirium in the elderly: insights from cohort study and shared genetic risk analysis.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the association between regional cortical changes measured via baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the incidence of delirium. METHODS: Observational associations were assessed using a prospective cohort from the UK Biobank and an independent clinical cohort. The population-based study included participants aged 60 years or older who had undergone structural brain MRI since 2014. Regional cortical volume, mean thickness, and surface area were extracted based on the Desikan-Killiany cortical atlas. Delirium was defined using ICD-10 diagnostic codes. Additionally, preoperative brain MRI images from participants in another cohort were collected and automatically segmented using deep learning algorithms to obtain cortical measurements. Logistic analysis was performed to investigate the associations between cerebral cortical structure and delirium risk. Lastly, genome-wide association study data derived from the ENIGMA Consortium and FinnGen Biobank were utilized to conduct conditional/conjunctional false discovery rate (cond/conjFDR) analyses to identify shared genetic loci associated with cortical structures and delirium. RESULTS: This observational analysis included 31,890 participants from the UK Biobank and 152 participants from an independent cohort. In the UK Biobank cohort, decreased cortical thickness in the 17 regions was associated with a significantly increased risk of delirium. Similarly, a preoperative reduction in cortical volume in 7 regions was associated with an increased risk of delirium in the independent cohort. Besides, 100 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified as significantly associated with cortical structures when conditioned on delirium. Finally, colocalization analysis demonstrated that these pleiotropic risk loci modulated the expression of NT5C2, RGP1, CCDC25, TPM2, EEF1AKMT2, IQANK1 and LHPP in blood and brain tissues. CONCLUSION: Regional cortical atrophy is associated with an increased risk of delirium in the elderly. Brain MRI examinations may be beneficial for preoperative delirium risk assessment in elderly individuals undergoing elective surgery.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system: a case report.

A 46-year-old female presented with a 1-week history of mental change, confusion and headaches. Investigations revealed evidence of sterile meningitis. CAT scanning of the brain demonstrated marked contrast enhancement around the ependyma, and later examinations showed extension of the process deep into the white matter, Cerebral biopsies were non-diagnostic and, despite ventricular drainage and treatment with antibiotics and high dose steriods, the patent died. At postmortem there was extensive tumour tissue distributed in a butterfly shape around the ventricles, and microscopy revealed typical apperances of primary CNS lymphoma. On the basis of the experience of this case and a review of recent literature, it is suggested that the CAT scan appearances of this tumour are quite typical, and that cranial irradiation may be justified in the absence of specific histological diagnosis.

Brain Neoplasms↗

PubMed1977

[The investigation of the absorption of 99mTc gamma-rays by bone and soft tissue (author's transl)].

UNLABELLED: Recently, the scintigram with 99mTc-labeled compounds has been routine procedure, because of it's ideal physical characteristics. The short physical half life of six hours, the absence of beta emission, and the gamma rays of 140 keV permit the administration of large amount of radioactivity. For scintigram of deep or large organ, the absorption of 99mTc gamma-rays by bone and soft tissue should not be negligible. For example, bone scintigram with 99mTc-phosphorous compounds shows different pictures depending upon the anterior and the posterior views, because of it's rather lower energy. Therefore, the linear attenuation coefficient and the half value layer of bone and soft tissue were measured with 99mTc gamma-rays and others (197Hg, 203Hg, 131I, 198Au, 85Sr). RESULTS: 1) The linear attenuation coefficient of 99mTc gamma-rays was: bone -0.240 cm-1, acrylite -0.173 cm-1, Mix D -0.155 cm-1. 2) The half value layer of 99mTc gamma-rays was: bone -2.89 cm, acrylite -3.98 cm, Mix D -4.47 cm. It was concluded that the lower photon energy of 99mTc was influenced by bone and soft tissue, but it appeared to be most suitable for the present imaging devices. Therefore, pictures of multiple views are necessary in case of the scintigram was 99mTc-labeled compounds.

Absorption↗

PubMed2026

Single-section multiplex spatial proteomics of immune microenvironments in kidney transplantation.

Characterizing kidney disease is challenged by marked cellular heterogeneity and limited tissue availability from renal biopsies. Conventional diagnostic workflows rely on multiple serial sections for parallel staining, increasing tissue consumption, sampling bias, and loss of spatial information, thereby constraining molecular characterization within intact tissue architecture. High-plex spatial proteomics may overcome these limitations by enabling comprehensive molecular profiling on a single section. Here, we present and evaluate a high-plex cyclic immunofluorescence imaging workflow (MACSima™, Miltenyi Biotec) applied to kidney transplant biopsies, including BK virus nephropathy (BKVN) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), to characterize spatial immune organization with a focus on complement system components. Feasibility and subcellular resolution were first assessed in a lupus nephritis section, demonstrating compatibility with diagnostic immune panels and preservation of tissue morphology. A 48-marker multiplex panel interrogating immunity, oxidative stress, senescence, and fibrosis was then applied to BKVN samples, including paired pre- and post-treatment biopsies, revealing distinct proteomic patterns and dynamic changes following therapy. In FSGS, a glomerulus-focused panel identified spatially resolved innate and adaptive immune signatures, including complement-related patterns supporting exploratory analysis of glomerular immune architecture. Structural, nuclear, membrane, and phosphorylated signaling markers enabled precise delineation of renal compartments and assessment of cellular states such as proliferation, DNA damage, and pathway activation. The workflow also supported detection of extracellular vesicles in cultured renal cells, highlighting its versatility. Overall, this approach provides a robust, tissue-sparing platform for integrated spatial and molecular profiling of renal biopsies, reducing sampling bias while enabling discovery-level phenotyping from a single section. This unified strategy is particularly suited to kidney transplantation, where diagnosis, therapeutic decision-making, and longitudinal monitoring are closely interconnected.

Kidney Transplantation↗

PubMed2026

Effect of knee and hip joint positions on passive stiffness of the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis in healthy individuals.

Passive muscle stiffness is a key determinant of musculoskeletal function and is influenced by structural components such as titin, connective tissue, and fascia. However, the effects of joint position, muscle depth, and sex on quadriceps passive stiffness remain unclear. To investigate the passive stiffness of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) under different joint configurations, muscle depths, and between sexes using shear wave elastography (SWE). Thirty-six healthy young adults (18 men and 18 women) participated in this randomized crossover study. Passive stiffness was assessed in four positions of knee flexion: supine with 60° (SUP60), supine with 20° (SUP20), sitting with 60° (SIT60), and sitting with 20° (SIT20). SWE measurements (m/s) were obtained from 30 regions of interest (ROIs) per muscle, categorized into superficial, intermediate, and deep levels. Data were analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). A significant effect of position was observed, with higher stiffness values in the SUP60 condition for both RF and VL (p < 0.001). Superficial regions consistently exhibited greater stiffness compared to intermediate and deep regions across all positions (p < 0.001). Additionally, men demonstrated significantly higher stiffness values than women (p < 0.001). Significant interactions were found between position and muscle, as well as position and depth. Quadriceps passive stiffness is influenced by joint position, muscle depth, and sex. The SUP60 position elicits the highest stiffness, while superficial muscle regions are consistently stiffer. These findings highlight the non-uniform mechanical behavior of the quadriceps and may have implications for clinical assessment, rehabilitation, and exercise prescription. Clinical trial registration: This study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov in June 06th, 2023. Register number NCT05905406. Link to access https//clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05905406.

Humans↗