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PubMed1997

Fluorescence energy transfer detection as a homogeneous DNA diagnostic method.

A homogeneous DNA diagnostic assay based on template-directed primer extension detected by fluorescence resonance energy transfer, named template-directed dye-terminator incorporation (TDI) assay, has been developed for mutation detection and high throughput genome analysis. Here, we report the successful application of the TDI assay to detect mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, the human leukocyte antigen H (HLA-H) gene, and the receptor tyrosin kinase (RET) protooncogene that are associated with cystic fibrosis, hemochromatosis, and multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2, respectively. Starting with total human DNA, the samples are amplified by the PCR followed by enzymatic degradation of excess primers and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates before the primer extension reaction is performed. All these standardized steps are performed in the same tube, and the fluorescence changes are monitored in real time, making it a useful clinical DNA diagnostic method.

Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulato↗
PubMed2002

[New diagnostic methods for tuberculosis and their clinical utilities].

The clinical utilities of new diagnostic methods for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, such as primary isolation and drug susceptibility testing using MGIT, identification using anti-MPB 64 monoclonal antibodies and nucleic acid amplification assay, were studied. It was shown that these new diagnostic methods were more rapid and more accurate than currently available approaches and useful for the early and aggressive case findings. Questionnaire survey indicated that most of the laboratories had been ready to introduce these new diagnostic methods. Thus, the diagnosis for active tuberculosis along the "CDC recommendation in 1993" has become realizable in Japan. Now, Japanese TB control program is under revision due to the current stagnation of the decline in notification rates. The importance of rapid and accurate diagnosis of active tuberculosis should be declared in the new Japanese TB control program by indicating the guideline of rapid diagnostic methods for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed2004

The challenges of validating diagnostic methods and selecting appropriate gold standards.

Caries diagnostic methods are usually methods for caries lesion detection and measurement. Caries lesions occur on a continuous scale of tissue damage, from subclinical surface changes to macroscopic cavities reaching the pulp. Any change of a lesion on this continuous scale offers the opportunity for the diagnosis of disease activity or remission. Research aimed at remineralizing agents may focus on lesions that are amenable to remineralization, and select a method that will measure small changes in early lesions. General caries management strategies depend on detecting all stages of lesion development, and methods covering early to late stages are preferred. This paper addresses some methodological issues in validating caries diagnostic methods. The available gold standards for caries lesions are discussed, with their suitability in different applications, and their "validity" as far as it is known or can be inferred. The gold standards are compared as far as their measurement of lesion parameters and reproducibility is concerned. Tentative conclusions are formulated, and recommendations for future research are given.

Cariostatic Agents↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of the malignancy of oral cavity tumors with a new electrochemical diagnostic method.

The authors applied the new electrochemical diagnostic method of Pápa on 110 patients with tumors or inflammations in the oral cavity. The examinations were carried out with a surface electrode in 107 and with a needle electrode in 23 cases. The obtained values were compared with the histological results and the clinical picture. On the basis of these studies it has been found that the values obtained in malignant processus are more than twice as high as the values of the healthy tissues or the benign tumors. According to their experience, this new diagnostic method can be used in the early diagnosis of cancer and for the evaluation of the extension of the tumor as well as in the judgment of the development of regional metastases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

A new coronary artery disease index of treadmill exercise electrocardiograms based on the step-up diagnostic method.

Treadmill exercise electrocardiography (ECG) is one of the most common noninvasive methods for detecting ischemic heart disease. However, this method has problems due to false-positive and false-negative results in a significant number of patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether the diagnostic accuracy of treadmill exercise ECG for detecting significant coronary stenosis can be improved by employing a step-up diagnostic method using multiple diagnostic indicators. We studied 273 consecutive patients (mean age, 56 +/- 9 years; 190 men and 83 women) without a history of myocardial infarction who underwent treadmill exercise ECG and coronary angiography for ischemic chest pain. Of these, 146 patients had no significant coronary stenosis, 61 had single-vessel disease, 56 had multivessel disease, and 10 patients had left main truncus disease. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to select 3 treadmill exercise electrocardiographic parameters that were independent predictors of the presence or absence of significant coronary stenosis: exercise-induced maximum ST-segment depression, QT dispersion immediately after exercise, and Athens QRS score. Significant coronary stenosis was diagnosed with a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 90% when a step-up diagnostic method using these 3 indicators was employed. These results were better than those obtained for each indicator alone (exercise-induced maximum ST-segment depression: sensitivity, 66%, and specificity, 73%; QT dispersion immediately after exercise [> or =60 ms positive]: sensitivity, 76%, and specificity, 86%; and Athens QRS score [< or =5 mm positive]: sensitivity, 72%, and specificity, 72%). We conclude that this step-up diagnostic method, using multiple diagnostic indicators, is a clinically useful predictor of the presence or absence of significant coronary stenosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Novel biochemical diagnostic method for aortic dissection. Results of a prospective study using an immunoassay of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain.

BACKGROUND: Aortic dissection is one of the most common aortic catastrophes. Although newer diagnostic methods as exemplified by image diagnostic techniques have greatly improved the diagnosis of aortic dissection, the diagnosis is still frequently missed today because the signs and symptoms of the disease are at times obscure. A reliable biochemical diagnostic method for aortic dissection would be beneficial. METHODS AND RESULTS: A novel biochemical diagnostic method for diagnosis of aortic dissection was developed that uses an immunoassay of monoclonal antibodies to smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. A prospective study was conducted to ascertain the usefulness of the method in the diagnosis of aortic dissection. Twenty-seven patients with aortic dissection admitted within the first 24 hours after onset were enrolled. Serial assay of serum smooth muscle myosin heavy chain showed significant elevations within the first 24 hours after onset of aortic dissection, with levels exceeding 10 ng/mL, with subsequent rapid reductions. The sensitivity of the assay within the first 12 hours was 90% with a specificity of 97%. Analysis of 65 patients with acute myocardial infarction showed that the method could accurately differentiate myocardial infarction from aortic dissection. CONCLUSIONS: The immunoassay of serum smooth muscle myosin heavy chain is a rapid and reliable biochemical method in the diagnosis of aortic dissection. The potential use of the method in clinical medicine is promising.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Bovine mycotic abortion--a comparative study of diagnostic methods.

The agreement between three diagnostic methods (mycology, morphology, and immunofluorescence staining) was compared two by two in elucidating the aetiological diagnosis in 52 cases of bovine mycotic abortion. Agreement between the three methods was expressed by the kappa coefficient (kappa), and ranked as follows: mycology and immunofluorescence staining (kappa = 0.48); morphology and immunofluorescence staining (kappa = 0.40); mycology and morphology (kappa = 0.28). A. fumigatus was confirmed to be the main cause of bovine mycotic abortion with members of the zygomycetes (order Mucorales) being the second most important group. In two aborted placentas a Candida species was found to be the cause of mycotic placentitis.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1989

Review of diagnostic methods in abdominal trauma.

The diagnostic methods used in examining 1,214 patients who underwent laparotomy for abdominal injury are evaluated. Diagnosis was based on clinical examination and the results of tests. Peritoneal lavage was useful for the early detection of bleeding, especially in unconscious patients, paraplegics and intoxicated patients. Radiological examination of the abdomen was unreliable in patients with blunt injury. Routine radiography of the pelvis was rewarding. Intravenous pyelography is now used only in patients with frank haematuria. Transurethral cystography was reliable when 350-400 ml contrast fluid was used. A radiograph of the chest should seldom be omitted in patients with blunt injury.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1999

Current diagnostic methods for diisocyanate induced occupational asthma.

BACKGROUND: Diisocyanates are among the most frequent causes of occupational asthma in industrialized countries. Early diagnosis of diisocyanate asthma followed by prompt termination of chemical exposure can prevent chronic morbidity due to persistent asthma. The accurate diagnosis of diisocyanate asthma requires a systematic approach that combines information obtained from the occupational history, immunologic tests and physiologic studies. METHODS: The advantages, limitations and validity of various methods and diagnostic guidelines utilized in the evaluation of diisocyanate asthma are reviewed. RESULTS: Recommended methods for evaluation of diisocyanates asthma are similar to approaches for other causative agents. Serologic assays of specific IgE are specific but insensitive diagnostic markers of diisocyanate asthma. If possible, workers should be evaluated, while at work, in order to demonstrate work-related changes in lung function associated with diisocyanate exposures. Specific bronchoprovocation challenge testing with diisocyanates, is reserved for situations where the diagnosis cannot be confirmed at work. Such tests can be performed safely but should be conducted exclusively at specialized centers by experienced personnel. CONCLUSIONS: Published diagnostic guidelines for occupational asthma are directly applicable to the evaluation of diisocyanate asthma.

Asthma↗
PubMed1989

New diagnostic methods for anaerobic bacteria.

The use of DNA probes and monoclonal antibodies as new diagnostic methods are described in this review. For each technique, the principles for preparation of reagents and the different immunological methods, in which monoclonal antibodies are used, are described. Specificities and sensitivities are discussed with special reference to anaerobic bacteria or their toxins. The two groups of methods are compared as rapid diagnostic methods for direct detection of anaerobes in patient samples. If we consider DNA probes, the radiolabelled are more sensitive and more specific, but results are obtained only after some days. Non-radioactive probes are less sensitive, but amplification procedures greatly enhance their sensitivity. Monoclonal antibodies give rapid results but their high specificity may be a disadvantage when the technique is used for rapid diagnostic purposes on patient samples. This problem may be reduced by the use of pools of several monoclonal antibodies.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An evaluation of the effectiveness of laboratory diagnostic methods for brucellosis].

The diagnostic value of bacteriological and serological methods for the laboratory diagnosis of brucellosis was studied. In the analysis of milk and cheese specimens Brucella cultures were isolated and differentiated as B.melitensis, biovar I, and B.abortus, biovar 4. In 25.6% of cases B.melitensis culture, biovar 1, was isolated from the blood of persons suspected for brucellosis. The isolation of B.melitensis culture from milk showed that this infective agent migrated from small animals to cattle, which was indicative of a high risk of human infection in the state of Zacatecas, Mexico. The comparative evaluation of serological diagnostic methods (the agglutination test in test tubes, Huddleson's slide test, the acidic rose bengal test and the 2-mercaptoethanol test) showed high sensitivity of rapid tests (Huddleson's test and the rose bengal test in 93.7% and 87.9% of cases respectively). The 2-mercaptoethanol test which gave positive results in 63.8% of cases provided additional information characterizing the course of infections process.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Magnetocardiography as a new diagnostic method for cardiologic diseases in occupational medicine].

Magnetocardiography as a new diagnostic method for cardiologic diseases in occupational medicine. The article covers possibilities of magnetocardiography as a promising diagnostic method for cardiologic diseases in occupational medicine. The studies used 7-channels magnetocardiographic complex MKG-6073-M. The authors applied standard exercise tests in 6 apparently healthy examinees.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed2005

Postpartum pelvic pain--the "pelvic joint syndrome": a follow-up study with special reference to diagnostic methods.

BACKGROUND: The etiology of pelvic joint syndrome (PJS) is not fully clarified. As a consequence, there is a lack of diagnostic methods to confirm the diagnosis, which today is mainly based on medical history. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine women with PJS using various diagnostic methods. The hypothesis is that there are characteristics in this group of women that separate them from women who only suffer from pelvic pain during pregnancy and shortly after delivery, or healthy women. METHODS: Fifty-eight women participated in this follow-up study--twenty-one with PJS, 17 women who suffered from pelvic pain during pregnancy and shortly after delivery, and 20 controls with no history of pregnancy-induced pelvic pain. Clinical examination, gynecologic examination, psychological tests, spine X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), blood samples, and urine dipsticks were performed. RESULTS: Clinical examination showed significant differences with regard to provocative tests and tenderness in the muscles and ligaments in the low back and the pelvis. Furthermore, psychological testing showed bad coping strategies when women with PJS were compared with those of the two control groups. However, no diagnostic method could explicitly differentiate between women with PJS and those of the two control groups. Thus, there was no significant difference in MRI, X-ray, blood or urine sample analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Women with PJS have positive provocative tests and ligament and muscular tenderness. Bad coping strategies might be an explanation why these women develop PJS.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Evaluation of complaints and diagnostic methods, considered to be objective, in gastroesophageal reflux].

Authors analyse complaints of 166 patients suffering in gastroesophageal reflux disease, and results of different objective diagnostic methods (X-ray swallowing, endoscopy, 24 hour pH-monitoring, esophageal manometry). The degree of severity of typical complaints and changes found by diagnostic procedures were scored. Individual diagnostic proceduresindicated the characteristic changes of gastroesophageal reflux with great deviations. Hiatal hernia identified by x-ray, esophagitis observed by endoscopy, abnormal reflux revealed by pH-metry together occurred only at 36% of patients. Significant correlation could be revealed only between the degree of changes found by x-ray or pH-metry--applying them one by one--and the complaints of the patients, but with the combination of four diagnostic methods a tight, positive correlation could be demonstrated with the severity of the complaints of the patients in every case. Applying of diagnostic methods as much as possible completing each others, with consideration to the complaints of the patients is suggested for having the diagnosis been precise of the gastroesophageal reflux disease, and for measuring of efficacy of treatment. The importance of tight collaboration of internist, radiologist and surgeon and the significance of complex examination is underlined.

Esophagoscopy↗
PubMed1981

New simple early diagnostic methods using Omura's "Bi-Digital O-Ring Dysfunction Localization Method" and acupuncture organ representation points, and their applications to the "drug & food compatibility test" for individual organs and to auricular diagnosis of internal organs--part I.

By critically evaluating exceptions which may lead to false diagnoses, as well as by improving the currently-used applied kinesiology diagnostic method (="Dysfunction Localization Method"), the author was able to develop the "Thumb-Index Finger Bi-Digital O-Ring Diagnostic Method," using the Applied Kinesiology Dysfunction Localization Principle. By combining the author's "Bi-Digital O-Ring Dysfunction Localization Method" with clinically useful organ representation points in acupuncture medicine (where the presence of tenderness at the organ representation point is used for diagnosis as well as for the location of treatment), it has become possible to make early diagnoses of most of the internal organs, with an average diagnostic accuracy of over 85%, without knowing the patient's history or using any instruments. The method can detect dysfunctioning or diseased organs even before tenderness appears at the organ representation point, with an applied force of less than 1 gm/mm2 on the skin surface, while the detection of tenderness at the organ representation point often requires a minimum applied force of 80-100 gm/mm2. The method was applied to the "Drug and Food Compatibility Test" to determine the probable effects of a given food or drug on individual internal organs without going through time-consuming, expensive laboratory tests. It was also applied to auricular organ representation points and their evaluation, and has succeeded in increasing their diagnostic sensitivity. The method was also used for the evaluation of magnetic fields. Usually the North pole increased muscle strength and the South pole weakened it at most parts of the body. This simple, improved, economical diagnostic method may have invaluable implications in clinical diagnosis, treatment and drug research. Key Words: early diagnostic methods, "Thumb-Index Finger Bi-Digital O-Ring Diagnostic Method," applied kinesiology, cardio-vascular diseases, drugs, tenderness, pain, pain medicine, anti-hypertensive drugs, cardio-vascular drugs, aspirin, Bufferin, gastro-intestinal system, muscle strength, nutrition, magnetic field, sensory nerve, spinal cord, brain stem. Inderal.

Acupuncture Therapy↗