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PubMed1979

Factors involved in the acceptance of voluntary female sterilization among Indians in Natal.

The sociological characteristics of 200 Indian women admitted for voluntary sterilization to King George V and R. K. Khan Hospitals, Durban, were investigated. Factors involved in the decision to be sterilized were analysed, as well as socio-economic motives found to be of major significance in the desire to limit family size. A control group of 200 Indian women, none of whom had been sterilized, was interviewed, and responses revealed a very favourable attitude towards the acceptance of female sterilization once the family is complete.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Marked preference for female sterilization in a semirural squatter settlement.

The following article analyzes the reasons very poor semirural women in South India choose sterilization as a means of birth control. The women, who work for minimal wages in a narrowing job market and whose children have little hope for jobs or land marriages, are choosing to be sterilized after two or three births. Among their limited range of contraceptive choices, female sterilization in the nearby hospital where women go for deliveries and abortion is perceived by them to be the most advantageous in terms of the cost of medicines and transportation and time away from jobs. The article illustrates the centrality of economic factors in low-income women's family planning decisions.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[A partially inheritable aging influence on a non-Mendelian female sterility in Drosophila melanogaster].

Some crosses between strains of Drosophila melanogaster give rise to F1 females, which display a quite characteristic kind of incomplete sterility (S.F. females). The sterility appears to result from the interaction between two factors, "I" brought by the male parent, "R" by the female parent, neither of which behave like classical mendelian genes. In this paper, results are presented which demonstrate that the level of sterility of an S.F. female depends on the age of its maternal ancestors. Therefore, aging of a reproducing female induces variations in the "R" factor which are inherited and behave like "dauermodifikation".

Aging↗
PubMed1975

Female sterilization. III. vaginal hysterectomy.

One hundred and eleven cases of vaginal hysterectomy for sterilization, performed over a period of five and a half years, were analyzed and compared with alternative methods of female sterilization. The mean operating time for vaginal hysterectomy was 98 minutes, and the mean length of hospitalization was 9.5 days. Immediate morbidity of one sort or another occurred in 89 cases (90.0 per cent), while the incidence of standard morbidity was 40.9 percent (35 cases). These data compare most unfavorably with findings for interval tubal ligation by either the vaginal or laparoscopic approach. Our data indicate that vaginal hysterectomy for sterilization should be used only in selected patients where there is a clear indication for hysterectomy above and beyond the desire for sterilization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Non-Mendelian female sterility in Drosophila melanogaster: influence of aging and thermic treatments. III. Cumulative effects induced by these factors.

Crosses between various strains of Drosophila melanogaster may give rise to a female sterility of non-Mendelian determination. Reduced fertility is observed in females, known as SF females, bred from crosses between females of "reactive" strains and males of "inducer" strains. The reduced fertility of the SF females is the result of an interaction between an extrachromosomal property varies considerably in its ability to reduce fertility. The fertility reduction of the SF females corresponds to what is known as the reactivity level of their reactive mothers. Two nongenetic factors can modify the level of reactivity: aging and temperature. The action of aging is cumulative. When the flies of a reactive strain are submitted at each generation to the action of this factor, the level of reactivity of this strain is gradually modified. The modifications induced are reversible. Indeed, when such a modified strain is returned to standard breeding conditions, the reactivity returns progressively to its initial level. The effect of thermic treatments also seems to be cumulative and reversible.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

Non-Mendelian female sterility in Drosophila melanogaster: influence of ageing and thermic treatments. I. Evidence for a partly inheritable effect of these two factors.

Crosses between certain Drosophila melanogaster strains may give rise to female sterility of non-Mendelian determination. Reduced fertility is observed in F1 females, known as SF females, from crosses between females of "reactive" strains and males of "inducer" strains. The extent of this reduction of fertility depends on the strains which are used in the cross and on two non-genetic factors: age and temperature. The fertility of SF females increases with ageing. Also, exposing them for a short period to a high temperature (29 degrees C) either increases or decreases the probability of hatching of the eggs according to the stage of oogenesis at which the heat treatment is applied. A very striking point is that qualitatively quite similar, though attenuated, effects are observed when the two factors (ageing and temperature) are applied not directly to SF females, but to their maternal ancestors: mothers and grandmothers.

Aging↗
PubMed1977

Culdotomy for female sterilization.

Tubal occlusion through a culdotomy incision offers a method of surgical sterilization acceptable to women in some countries where abdominal sterilization is not acceptable. This technic requires skilled gynecologic surgeons, who are a limited resource in many developing countries. On the other hand, gynecologic surgeons practicing in outlying areas may find it more feasible to perform colpotomy sterilizations than laparoscopic sterilizations with the latter's requirements for specialized instrumentation and additional training. With adequate attention to operator training, patient selection, evaluation of patients for postoperative complications and appropriate care of those with such complications, culdotomy should be included among the various approaches appropriate for female sterilization.

Female↗
PubMed1976

A study of 49 sterilized females.

Forty-nine women sterilized for eugenic, medical or socioeconomic reasons were studied in the Outpatients Department of a Women's Hospital. Results indicate that in a considerable proportion of cases, physical as well as mental condition was negatively affected. The most significant factors which influenced the outcome of the operation were the personality of the subjects and the reasons for which they were sterilized. It is emphasized that before this operation is undertaken, a full psychiatric assessment should be performed and a social report obtained.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1976

3H-Estradiol uptake and retention by target tissues of light-sterilized female rats.

Tissue distribution of radioactivity was studied at 2, 4 and 6 h after intravenous injection of 3H-estradiol-17beta (41.7 ng/100 g b.w.) in 12 light-sterilized and 11 control female rats ovariectomized 72 h prior to injection. Female rats were light-sterilized by exposure to continuous illumination for 82 days and, based on the duration of continuous vaginal cornification and the absence of corpora lutea at post-mortem histological examination of the ovaries, were anovulatory for at least 30 days prior to injection. Control rats were housed under conditions similar to the experimentals except that they were exposed to alternating lighting (14 h light:10 h dark). They remained ovulatory throughout the experiment. Uterine 3H-estradiol uptake and retention were significantly depressed in the light-sterilized group. There were no significant differences in 3H-estradiol uptake or retention as a result of light-sterilization in any of the other tissues studied, including anterior, middle, and posterior hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, cerebrum, anterior pituitary and plasma. The failure to detecta reduction in neural 3H-estradiol uptake demonstrates that the anovulatory state can exist without a concomitant reduction in the hypothalamic estrogen binding capacity. The possibility is discussed that the decreased target tissue binding noted in various types of anovulatory animals is the result, not the cause, of altered ovarian function.

Amygdala↗