SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “hematologic malignancies”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Possible relationship between neurocysticercosis and hematological malignancies.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown an increased frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in lymphocytes from animals and humans with cysticercosis. Some reports have suggested an association between cancer and cysticercosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between neurocysticercosis and cancer. METHODS: We designed a mortality rate study from the autopsy files of the Department of Pathology at the General Hospital of Mexico. A total of 1,271 autopsy files were reviewed. All files in which a malignant neoplasia was found during autopsy were selected as cases. Autopsies in which no malignant disease was found were used as controls. The odds ratio was determined between the frequency of neurocysticercosis in patients with any malignant neoplasia and that of the controls. RESULTS: Neurocysticercosis was more frequent in cases with malignant hematological diseases (MHD) than in controls (p = 0.01). The odds ratio for this association was 3.54, with 95% confidence interval from 1.17-9.79. CONCLUSIONS: Most human cancers arise from the interaction of a multiplicity of factors, including xenobiotics and endogenous constituents. Therefore, while it will be difficult to demonstrate that neurocysticercosis is a causal agent of malignant hematological diseases (MHD), it should be considered as a potential risk factor for cancer induction in countries where cysticercosis remains a public health problem.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[Familial occurrence of malignant hematologic diseases].

The cases of first-degree relatives from five families with hematological malignancies are described in this study. The occurrence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and B-cell chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (B-CLL) in the first family, NHL and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in the second one, two cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD) in the third and the fifth one's NHL and acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML) in the fourth one observed. Several factors which are considered to be involved in etiopathogenesis of hematological malignancies (virus infection, immune defects, HL-A antigens, cytogenic features) were discussed. Our study confirm other previous findings, that the familial susceptibility results from a combination of genetic and environmental influences.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Dose-escalation trial of cladribine using five daily intravenous infusions in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies.

PURPOSE: The optimal dose and schedule for cladribine (2CdA) therapy of malignant hematologic diseases have not been determined. This dose-escalation study was designed to assess toxicity when 2CdA is given using five daily 1-hour intravenous infusions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-two adults with advanced hematologic malignancies were treated in one of nine cohorts, starting at 2.5 mg/m2/d for 5 days. Plasma drug concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Responses were assessed by bone marrow biopsy on day 15 of the first course and by clinical measurements after each course. Patients received one to four courses each. RESULTS: Nonhematologic toxicity was mild, and dose-limiting nonhematologic toxicity was not observed, even at the highest dose level of 21.5 mg/m2/d. In particular, neurotoxicity was not observed. The maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) was not identified. However, prolonged cytopenias and severe infections were more common in the higher 2CdA dose cohorts. Logistic regression analysis suggested that severe hematologic toxicity was associated with pretreatment platelet count and performance status (PS). Good-risk patients were identified as having a PS of 0 and platelet count > or = 80,000/microL, PS of 1 and platelet count > or = 120,000/microL, or PS of 2 and platelet count > or = 160,000/microL. Sustained complete responses (CRs) and partial responses (PRs) were observed in eight patients. CONCLUSION: 2CdA can be administered using five daily 1-hour infusions at 21.5 mg/m2/d without dose-limiting nonhematologic toxicity. Unlike continuous intravenous infusions, neurotoxicity was not observed using this schedule. Further dose escalation may be possible in good PS patients with adequate platelet counts.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[Effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in malignant hematologic disease of lymphatic system].

The study was aimed to investigate the effect of hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (HSCT) in treatment for hematologic malignancies of lymphatic system. Through observing 8 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and 3 patients with lymphoblastic leukemia, who received auto or allo-HSCT after chemotherapy, the hematopoietic reconstitution, complication and survival time were evaluated. The results showed that 11 patients (7 patients after auto-PBSCT, 4 patients after allo-PBSCT) all achieved hematopoietic reconstitution and complete remission (CR). Within three years following-up, 5 patients with NHL were survival, but one case of NHL died at the 2 months after auto-PBSCT, one patient suicided. From 4 cases received allo-PBSCT, one patient with NHL (NK cell) was died at 79 days later, one patient with chronic lymphoblastic leukemia was surviving, another 2 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia were dead at 17 months and 54 days respectively after allo-PBSCT. In conclusion HSCT is an effective treatment for hematologic malignancies of lymphatic system, but the replase would occur in some patients received auto-PBSCT. The others by allo-PBSCT might die of severe complication of transplantation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

[Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for evaluating bone marrow microcirculation in malignant hematological diseases before and after thalidomide therapy].

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to measure microcirculation parameters by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (d-MRI) and to evaluate the anti-angiogentic effects during treatment with thalidomide in different hematologic malignancies. METHODS: In 20 healthy normal persons, 20 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), 10 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and 10 with myelofibrosis (MF) a fast gradient echo sequence (Turbo fast low angle shot 2D) with a pump controlled bolus infusion of gadolinium-DTPA was performed before and in 18 of these after beginning (average of 4.3 months) of a thalidomide therapy. Two pharmacokinetic parameters--the amplitude and exchange-rate-constant--were calculated and a statistical comparison of these values between healthy persons and patients as well as a correlation with the clinical course was executed. RESULTS: Compared with the normal controls the patients showed a higher amplitude (normal persons 14.4 +/- 5.2, MDS 24.8 +/- 8.1, MF 35.9 +/- 4.3, MM 23.4 +/- 3.6) and exchange-rate-constant (normal persons 0.124 +/- 0.042, MDS 0.136 +/- 0.036, MF 0.144 +/- 0.068, MM 0.131 +/- 0.034). In the d-MRI-follow-up examinations a significant (p < 0.005) reduction of the amplitude and exchange rate constant values was evident in 14 of 18 patients undergoing a thalidomide therapy. Clinically all of these patients showed a therapy responding with complete or partial diseases remission. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with hematologic malignancies significantly higher d-MRI-microcirculation parameters of the lumbar spine can be demonstrated than in normal persons. During anti-angiogenetic treatment with thalidomide a decrease of these values was observed in case of a responding to therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

An approach to cutaneous changes caused by hematologic malignancies.

Most hematologic malignancies can present with or later develop cutaneous lesions. The proper diagnosis of such patients through the evaluation of their cutaneous lesions is complicated both by the confusing variety of clinical findings and by the shifting classifications of hematologic malignancies in the face of evolving knowledge. The spectrum of T-cell malignancies continues to increase and now includes several disorders formerly attributed to B-cells or macrophages. The cutaneous findings of malignant and malignant behaving hematologic disorders are grouped by the presumed cellular etiology and by the clinical subset of tumor. Clinical and histopathologic features unique to individual disorders are emphasized, as well as those features that may be shared by otherwise quite dissimilar malignancies.

Hematologic Diseases↗

PubMed2003

mTOR inhibitors in hematologic malignancies.

Most hematologic malignancies are characterized by initial responsiveness to chemotherapeutic regimens, but many patients still die from their disease. Among the agents currently in clinical development, there is a strong rationale for evaluating rapamycin derivatives. Rapamycin was originally developed as an immunosuppressant and is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of kidney allograft transplant rejection. Two related compounds, RAD001 and CCI-779, are under development as cancer therapeutics. Rapamcyin binds to the immunophilin FK506-binding protein 12 and this protein/drug complex binds to and inhibits the activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Among its many functions, mTOR regulates the translation of a specific subset of mRNA transcripts that encode for proteins involved in regulating the G1 to S phase transition. This review focuses on recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms of cell growth inhibition by rapamycin, clinical trial results for the 2 agents being developed as cancer agents, and the rationale supporting the evaluation of this class of agent in hematological malignancies.

Cell Cycle↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Three-color flowcytometric analysis of mature and immature hematological malignancies. A guideline of the Dutch Foundation for Immunophenotyping of Hematological Malignancies (SIHON).

Multiparameter flowcytometry offers an insight into differentiation pathways, maturation stages and abnormal features of cell (sub)populations thus helping to establish and classify hematological malignancies. The Dutch Foundation for Immunophenotyping of Hematological Malignancies (SIHON) has formulated a guideline for a rapid screening followed by confirmation and classification in a standardized way. For this aim seven carefully composed monoclonal antibody combinations are elucidated for screening the test sample in a first phase. In this phase a relative frequency distribution of the cells will be established and a decision will be made about abnormal cells present, as well as their mature or immature state and the cell lineage they belong to. In a second phase, panels with cell lineage dependent monoclonal antibody combinations may be used to confirm and classify the abnormal cell population indicated in phase 1, as well as to establish the presence or absence of an abberant immunophenotype.

Flow Cytometry↗

PubMed2002

Monitoring of urine nitric oxide (NO) related substrates and immunological competence in hematological malignancy.

It has been reported that concentrations of neopterin in the urine are changed according to the host immunological conditions. In the present study, we measured urinary concentration of neopterin in patients with malignant hematological disorders and investigated the relationship between urinary neopterin levels and laboratory indices for cellular immunity. Urine neopterin levels were correlated with serum sIL-2R levels in the patients with malignant lymphoma, and inversely correlated with lymphocyte reactivity with ConA in the patients with acute myelocytic leukemia. However, no significant correlation was observed between urine neopterin levels and lymphocyte reactivity with phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen, CD4/8 ratio, CD56+ 16+ subset or serum IFN-gamma levels. In the patients with malignant lymphoma, parallel changes in serum sIL-2R and urine neopterin were observed. The presented results suggest that urine neopterin levels are related to the activation of T cells in malignant lymphoma.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[P53 genes and malignant hematologic diseases].

Mutations of the P53 tumor suppressor gene represent the most common genetic lesion in human solid tumors. In hematological malignancies, P53 alterations are detected in the evolution of the chronic myelogenous leukemia to myeloid blast crisis. P53 mutations were also found to be associated with Burkitt's lymphoma and HTLV-1 related adult T-cell leukemia. These results support the notion that alterations of the P53 gene may be involved in the progression of these hematological diseases.

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic↗

PubMed2004

[Applications of molecular biology to care of patients with malignant hematological disease].

The improvement of the techniques of molecular biology allowed greater performances in the field of detection and characterization of chromosomal abnormalities and/or molecular defects observed in human hematological malignancies. Cytological and immunophenotypical results are reinforced by data obtained with standard and molecular cytogenetic tools and with PCR based techniques. Molecular data are usefull at diagnosis in order to define different types of leukemias and to score patient prognosis. Therefore, these techniques help to choose among various therapeutic options. In post induction treatment period, PCR tools allowed to measure minimal residual disease (MRD) and to distinguish new prognosis factors essential for patient's management.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Clinical experience with chemotherapy using sulbactam/cefoperazone for severe infections accompanying malignant hematological disorders].

Clinical and bacteriological efficacies of sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) were studied in 44 patients with serious infections associated with hematological malignancy. 1. SBT/CPZ was clinically effective in 33 cases (76.7%). Excellent effects were obtained in 23 cases, good effects in 10 cases and fairly good effects in 7 cases. Clinical effectiveness of SBT/CPZ was not dependent on neutrophil number in peripheral blood. 2. Bacteriologically SBT/CPZ was effective against all of the isolated organisms from 21 cases. 3. Adverse reactions were not significant except one case with eruption, 2 cases with abnormalities in hepatic function tests and 3 cases with abnormalities in renal function tests.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Chemotherapy with imipenem/cilastatin for severe infections accompanied by malignant hematological disorders].

The clinical and bacteriological efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin (IPM/CS) was evaluated in 30 cases of serious infections associated with hematological malignancies. 1. Among 28 evaluable cases, excellent efficacy was obtained in 6 cases and good effectiveness in 10 cases, resulting in a high clinical efficacy rate (57.1%). The clinical effectiveness of IPM/CS was not dependent on neutrophil count in peripheral blood. A 53.8% efficacy rate was observed in 26 cases which had received pretreatment with other antibiotics. 2. Antibacterial activities of IPM/CS have so far been evaluated against organisms isolated in 20 of 28 cases: 2 strains of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, 2 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 2 strains of Enterococcus faecalis, 9 strains of Enterobacter cloacae, and 8 other strains. 3. Among 3 evaluable cases treated with IPM/CS alone, response was good in 1 case. Among 25 patients receiving IPM/CS in combination with an aminoglycoside or a penicillin, the efficacy rate was 60%. 4. Five patients had IPM/CS-related adverse events; nausea and vomiting in 2 cases, seizures in 1 case, small increases in GOT and GPT in 2 cases, and the appearance of casts in urine sediment in 1 case. These patients, however, tolerated the complete course of therapy with IPM/CS except the 2 cases with nausea and vomiting. These results indicate that chemotherapy with IPM/CS is effective for the treatment of severe infectious diseases accompanied by hematological disorders.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Clinical implications of the tumor necrosis factor family in benign and malignant hematologic disorders.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), originally identified as a factor produced in the serum of endotoxin-injected animals, is a cytokine that mediates tumor necrosis. To date, 20 different members of the TNF superfamily and 21 different receptors have been identified. All ligands of the TNF superfamily have been found to activate transcription factor NF-kappaB and c-Jun kinase. Members of this family have diverse biologic effects, including induction of apoptosis, promotion of cell survival, and regulation of the immune system. The current review focuses on four members that play important roles in regulating hematopoietic cells and are involved in the pathogenesis of several hematologic malignancies. The potential therapeutic use of these members also is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation as treatment for hematological malignancies: a review.

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) was originally developed as a form of rescue from high-dose chemoradiotherapy, which is given both to eradicate malignancy and provide sufficient immunosuppression for allogeneic engraftment. The first attempts of allogeneic HCT in humans met with little success. However, a better understanding of the complexities of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system has allowed selecting compatible sibling donors, and the development of postgrafting immunosuppressive regimens has helped prevent serious graft-versus-host disease, thereby changing the role of allogeneic HCT from a desperate therapeutic maneuver to a curative treatment modality for many patients with malignant hematological diseases. In addition, the establishment of large registries of HLA-typed volunteers has permitted finding suitable unrelated donors for many patients without family donors. Further advances in the immunogenetics of HLA, especially typing by molecular techniques, have improved results after unrelated HCT, which have begun resembling those obtained with HLA-identical sibling grafts, at least in young patients. Important advances have also been made in the prevention and treatment of infectious complications and in other areas of supportive care. Since the late seventies, it has been recognized that allogeneic immunocompetent cells transplanted with the stem cells, or arising from them, mediated therapeutic anti-tumor effects independent of the action of the high-dose therapy, termed graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effects. This has prompted the recent development of non-myeloablative conditioning regimens for allogeneic HCT that have opened the way to include elderly patients and those with comorbid conditions. Remaining challenges include further advances in the prevention and treatment of both severe graft-versus-host disease and infections. Also, progress in adoptive transfer of T cells with relative tumor specificity and disease-targeted therapy with agents such as Imatinib, Rituximab or radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies would make allogeneic HCT even more effective.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Current molecular diagnostic approaches to systemic infections with aspergillus species in patients with hematological malignancies.

Within the recent years, novel molecular methods, especially PCR assays, have been developed to improve the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in patients with malignant hematological diseases being at high risk for this life-threatening infection. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for adequate therapeutical management, which however, often remains difficult since most of the diagnostic tools used clinically at present either lack specificity or acceptable sensitivity. The clinical value, advantages and remaining problems of recently developed molecular approaches to detect the emerging fungal pathogen are reviewed.

Aspergillosis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Systemic infections with Candida sp. and Aspergillus sp. in immunocompromised patients with hematological malignancies: current serological and molecular diagnostic methods.

Within recent years, novel serological and molecular methods have been developed to improve the early diagnosis of invasive fungal infections especially in patients with malignant hematological diseases being at highest risk of developing these life-threatening infections. Early diagnosis is essential for adequate therapeutic management, which, however, often remains difficult since the diagnostic tools clinically used either lack specificity or sensitivity, or both at worst. The clinical value, the advantages and remaining problems of recently developed, more sensitive and specific serological assays and molecular methods are reviewed.

Aspergillosis↗

PubMed2001

Systemic infections with Aspergillus species in patients with hematological malignancies: current serological and molecular diagnostic approaches.

Within the recent years, novel molecular and serological methods have been developed to improve the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in patients with malignant hematological diseases being at highest risk for this life-threatening infection. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for adequate therapeutic management, which, however, often remains difficult since most of the diagnostic tools used clinically at present either lack specificity or sensitivity, or both at the worst. The clinical value, advantages and remaining problems of recently developed serological assays and molecular approaches to detect this emerging pathogen are reviewed.

Antibodies, Fungal↗