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PubMed1977

[Morphologic mutant of Escherichia coli K12 having disorders in morphology, division and cell wall biosynthesis].

A study was made of the properties of a spherical mutant obtained from the E. coli K12 HfrC strain under the effect of N-nitroso-N-methyl-urea. The growth of the mutant of full value media was characterized by a marked reduction of the cell division at the rest phase, but exponential growth phase failed to differ from the growth of the parental strain. Electron microscopic study of surface structures of the mutant cells which grew under physiological conditions permitted to distinguish two types: the first type had a typical structure of the cell wall characteristic of Gram negative microbes; the second type was framed by a bicontour membrane without any distinct structure. The presence of these two types of cells was also confirmed by their different sensitivity to the ionic detergents. On the basis of chemical analysis of peptidoglycan of the cell wall (which was markedly decreased in amount in the mutant cells), and also of the unsually high accumlation of the UDP-precursors of peptidoglycan under conditions of penicillin action it is supposed that normal regulation of metabolism of the cell walls was deranged. Mutation designated by 11rA symbol was plotted by phase PI transduction alongside of strA gene.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1979

[Functional and morphological changes in the nerves following injury due to traction mechanism (experimental and morphological studies)].

In acute and chronic experiments on 52 animals (rabbits and dogs), carried out by means of neurophysiologic and neurohistologic methods, the authors have studied functional and histologic changes in the nerves following a one-step forced traction. Traction injuries have been found to cause early trophic disorders, persistent and long-lasting alterations of the nerve conductability and excitability. Some considerable retrograde changes in the nerves and related segments of the spinal cord have been noted together with the delay of the resorption of the decay products of the axons and the myelin sheath in the peripheral nerve fragment. The severity degree of the alterations depends on the degree of the traction.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Morphological differences between sub-populations of human lymphocytes revealed by scanning electron microscopy.

Human lymphoid cells were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to see if a correlation existed between surface morphologic features and the presence of various surface markers and receptors. When viewed by SEM thymocytes appeared as smooth-surfaced cells with few surface microvilli; peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) on the other hand were moderately to densely villate with no entirely smooth-surfaced cells observed. Surface morphology within PBL samples was not uniform, due mainly to variations in the shape and number of microvilli. However, 2 distinctive types of surface morphology (termed Types 1 and 2) were discernable with a small number of cells displaying features of both groups (Type 3). The majority of E-rosette forming cells (T lymphocytes) displayed Type 1 and the majority of cells bearing demonstrable surface immunoglobulin (B lymphocytes) displayed Type 2 morphology. Exposure of PBL to anti-T cell specific ALG resulted in cytolysis of cells with Type 1 morphology while cells with Type 2 morphology appeared largely unaffected. PBL with Fc and C3 receptors displayed all 3 types of morphology. It is concluded that T and B lymphocytes do have subtle but nevertheless discernable differences in surface morphology and within these 2 groups, variations in surface morphology are probably associated with changes in the physiological status of the cell.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed2026

Homologous recombination-deficient high-grade serous ovarian cancers exhibit distinct morphological features.

OBJECTIVE: Access to homologous recombination testing remains limited in many centers. We aim to correlate the morphology and immunophenotype of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma with homologous recombination statuses. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of a high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma tumors with known homologous recombination status. A pathological review of morphology was performed for each tumor, along with immunohistochemical profiling. Tumor morphology was classified as (1) solid, pseudo-endometrioid, or transitional (2) micropapillary or nested. RESULTS: Overall, 81 tumors were included. The median age was 62 (interquartile range; 52-71). Of those, 27 (33.3%) tumors were BRCA1mut, 19 (23.5%) were BRCA2mut, 15 (18.5%) tumors had no BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations but exhibited a genomic instability score &#x2265;42 and were classified as BRCA1/2-wild-type with homologous recombinant deficient. The remainder 20 (24.7%) cases were homologous recombinant proficient. The proportion of tumors with solid transitional-like morphology was higher in BRCA1 (12/21, 57%) and BRCA2 (12/18, 67%) compared to the tumors with homologous recombinant proficient (3/17, 18%), p =.019. When stratified by genomic instability score, tumors with low score (genomic instability score <26) exhibited 0% solid transitional-like morphology versus 43% solid transitional-like morphology in high-score (genomic instability score >26), p =.03. PAX8 diffuse expression was detected in 71% of BRCA1, 65% of BRCA2, 92% of BRCA-wild-type homologous recombinant deficient tumors, and 100% of homologous recombinant proficient tumors, p =.071. The proportion of diffuse expression was higher in homologous recombinant proficient (100%) versus BRCA2 (65%) (Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons). CONCLUSIONS: Homologous recombinant deficient tumors are associated with the solid transitional-like morphology, with the BRCA1/2-mutated homologous recombinant deficient cases showing the strongest correlation. Genomic instability score alone may not fully capture the spectrum of homologous recombinant deficient-related phenotypes. The variation in solid transitional-like morphology features among BRCA1- or BRCA2-mutated, BRCA1/2- wild-type with homologous recombinant deficient, and homologous recombinant proficient cases may reflect the diverse biological spectrum of different homologous recombination alterations.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

The impact of absolute change in tibiofemoral morphology on patient reported outcome measures post total knee arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND: Reconstructing knee morphology and alignment is important for outcomes post total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Personalised alignment strategies are proposed to improve outcomes by replicating native alignment. However, how change in morphology affects patient outcomes is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between absolute change in morphological measures post-TKA and patient reported outcome measures (PROMs). METHOD: An observational analysis of a randomised clinical trial was conducted. Participants received preoperative and postoperative CT scans and completed PROMs at six-months post-TKA. Absolute change in hip-knee-ankle angle, medial proximal tibial angle, lateral distal femoral angle, non-weightbearing joint line convergence angle, tibial and femoral rotation, and posterior tibial slope (PTS) were calculated. PROMs included visual analogue scales of pain and satisfaction (0-100), Oxford Knee Score, Forgotten Joint Score, and the Kujala Score. Regression and principal component (PCA) analyses investigated relationships between PROMs and change in morphology. RESULTS: Sixty-one participants were included for analysis (61% women, age 66.9&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;9.1 [mean&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;SD] years, BMI 32.8&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;6.8&#xa0;kg/m2). The PCA demonstrated coronal, axial, and sagittal plane measures were interdependent, with over 65% of variability driven by change in tibial rotation (PC1) and the PTS (PC2). The regression analysis showed no relationships between morphological change and PROMs postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Tibiofemoral morphology was interrelated across coronal, axial, and sagittal planes. However, this study suggests absolute morphological change had minimal impact upon PROMs at six-months post-TKA. Future research should clearly distinguish between osteoarthritic versus prearthritic alignment and consider the influence of soft-tissue releases upon PROMs.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

[Morphology of the surface of normal and virus transformed cells in vitro].

The cell surface morphology of two cell lines--from the mink lung (Mv1Lu) and from the Kirsten sarcoma virus transformed derivate (Ki-Mv1Lu)--was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Marked differences are seen in cell morphology of these two lines at high cell densities. Mv1Lu cells at high densities had uniform flat polygonal shape with microvilli at their surface. A marked diversity in cell morphology was characteristic of Ki-Mv1Lu cells at comparable cell densities: variation in shape, in thickness degrees, and in the expression of cell surface ultrastructure (microvilli, blebs, filopodia). No dependence of Ki-Mv1Lu cell morphology from cell densities was observed. At low cell densities of Mv1Lu cells, cells with the morphology differing from the typical pattern of confluent Mv1Lu cells were seen. Morphological diversity of these cells was comparable with that of Ki-Mv1Lu cells. Nothing has been found in cell surface morphology that could be absolutely specific for transformed cells only.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed2026

Digital and computational morphology in hematology: current platforms, clinical evidence, and future requirements.

INTRODUCTION: Morphologic examination of peripheral blood and bone marrow remains central to the diagnosis and classification of hematologic disorders. Conventional optical microscopy, however, is labor-intensive, dependent on operator expertise, and affected by interobserver variability. Digital morphology has developed from automated image acquisition and cell pre-classification into a broader field that includes whole-slide imaging, remote review, quantitative morphometry, and artificial intelligence-based analysis. CONTENT: This review examines current applications of digital morphology in peripheral blood, bone marrow aspirates, malaria detection, and body-fluid analysis. Commercial platforms are evaluated with particular attention to the distinction between raw automated pre-classification, expert digital post-classification, and comparison with independent optical microscopy. Digital systems generally perform well for common mature leukocyte populations but remain less reliable for rare or diagnostically critical cells, including blasts, abnormal lymphoid cells, plasma cells, and intermediate maturation stages. Research systems increasingly extend analysis from individual-cell classification to whole-slide, specimen-level, and patient-level assessment. SUMMARY: Digital morphology can improve standardization, image traceability, remote consultation, education, proficiency testing, quality assurance, and selected aspects of laboratory workflow. Its clinical value depends on appropriate validation, transparent reporting of reference methods, recognition of algorithm-specific failure modes, and clearly defined criteria for expert review and conventional microscopy. Human expertise remains essential not only for validating results but also for adapting cell taxonomies and interpretive rules to evolving classifications of hematologic diseases. OUTLOOK: Future progress will require representative multicenter datasets, harmonized morphologic terminology, external validation, interoperability with laboratory information systems, and continuous monitoring after software or hardware updates. Integration of morphology with quantitative hematology, flow cytometry, cytogenetics, genomics, and clinical data may support more comprehensive computational diagnosis. Digital platforms may also broaden access to specialist expertise, training, and quality programs in resource-limited institutions and regions, provided that infrastructure, governance, and professional competency are adequately supported.

artificial intelligence↗
PubMed2017

Novel Influences of IL-10 on CNS Inflammation Revealed by Integrated Analyses of Cytokine Networks and Microglial Morphology.

Coordinated interactions between cytokine signaling and morphological dynamics of microglial cells regulate neuroinflammation in CNS injury and disease. We found that pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in vivo showed a pronounced recovery following systemic LPS. We performed a novel multivariate analysis of microglial morphology and identified changes in specific morphological properties of microglia that matched the expression dynamics of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF&#x3b1;. The adaptive recovery kinetics of TNF&#x3b1; expression and microglial soma size showed comparable profiles and dependence on anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 expression. The recovery of cytokine variations and microglial morphology responses to inflammation were negatively regulated by IL-10. Our novel morphological analysis of microglia is able to detect subtle changes and can be used widely. We implemented in silico simulations of cytokine network dynamics which showed-counter-intuitively, but in line with our experimental observations-that negative feedback from IL-10 was sufficient to impede the adaptive recovery of TNF&#x3b1;-mediated inflammation. Our integrative approach is a powerful tool to study changes in specific components of microglial morphology for insights into their functional states, in relation to cytokine network dynamics, during CNS injury and disease.

CNS inflammation↗
PubMed1979

Size and morphology of the permanent dentition in prehistoric Ohio Valley Amerindians.

Metric and morphological characterizations of the permanent teeth from a total of 155 prehistoric Amerindians are presented. The individuals represent samples from three Ohio Valley burial complexes (considered together as the Late Diffuse group): Glacial Kame, Adena and Ohio Hopewell. Metric data include common measures of central tendency and dispersion. From these measures estimates and analyses of the magnitude of sexual dimorphism and relative variability are presented as well as analyses of the patterns of these estimates. Forty morphological characters are also tabulated. The results indicate a number of provisional hypotheses: the generally larger tooth size of the Late Archaic Indian Knoll when compared to the Late Diffuse groups is consistent with the hypothesis of mitigated selective pressures in more technologically advanced groups; although tooth size is smaller in the Late Diffuse groups, dental morphology is as complex, or more so when compared to the Indian Knoll group. Since morphology and size do not covary exactly the biocultural forces resulting in smaller tooth size do not seem to act as strongly on dental morphology; odontological differences within the Late Diffuse arise primarily between the Glacial Kame-Adena and the Ohio Hopewell. These differences correspond to major biocultural changes in this area; although provisional hypotheses concerning odontological variability are erected, hypotheses concerning evolutionary trends must await the discovery of evolving lineages within these groups; similarities are noted among all compared groups including the pattern and magnitude of sexual dimorphism and relative variability. These parameters may be similar for all eastern Amerindians during this period; finally, the morphology of the deciduous dentition, which generally predicts that of the permanent teeth, is found to be less complex than the permanent teeth. This may be the result of a selective disadvantage for the individuals in the deciduous dentition sample which is reflected in the dentition.

Cuspid↗
PubMed1977

Relationship of pili to colonial morphology among pathogenic and nonpathogenic species of Neisseria.

Growth in colonies with type 1 morphology and the presence of pili are characteristics that have been associated with virulence of gonococci for humans. To determine whether the presence of pili per se might be responsible for colony type 1 morphology, the relationship of pili to colony type was examined in various species of Neisseria. Short pili (175 to 210 nm in length) were seen only on nonpathogenic neisseria, whereas long pili (up to 4,300 nm) were seen on organisms of both nonpathogenic and pathogenic species. Although long pili, similar to those found on organisms from high-domed, type 1 colonies of gonococci, were observed on organisms from high-domed, type 1 colonies of nonpathogenic Neisseria species, they were also observed on low-convex, type 4 colonies of meningococci and nonpathogenic neisseria. Among meningococci there was no difference in the morphology of colonies consisting of organisms with many long pili and colonies consisting of organisms that completely lacked pili. Thus, there was no consistent relationship of pili to colonial morphology. Unless the pili of N. gonorrhoeae are unique among Neisseria species in their influence on colonial morphology, it is likely that factors other than pili determine colony type 1 morphology of gonococci. Whether these same factors, either alone or in conjunction with pili, are also responsible for gonococcal virulence warrants further investigation.

Neisseria↗
PubMed2026

Testicular aggressive B-cell lymphoma with plasmablastic morphology harboring concurrent IGH::MYC and IGH::BCL2 rearrangements.

BACKGROUND: Aggressive B-cell lymphomas with plasmablastic morphology are uncommon neoplasms that may exhibit overlapping morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic features of plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) and double-hit lymphoma (DHL). Concurrent IGH::MYC and IGH::BCL2 rearrangements are rarely encountered in this setting, particularly in the testis. Here, we describe an unusual case presenting significant diagnostic challenges at the interface between PBL and DHL. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a 66-year-old, immunocompetent man presenting with a 5&#xa0;cm left testicular mass. Histologic examination revealed diffuse proliferation of large atypical lymphoid cells with plasmablastic morphology. Immunohistochemically, the tumor expressed CD138, CD38, and MUM1, with focal BCL2, c-MYC protein, and CD79a positivity, while CD20, CD19, PAX5, CD10, BCL6, and ALK were negative. EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridization was negative. Fluorescence in situ hybridization identified IGH::MYC [t(8;14)] rearrangement in 45% and IGH::BCL2 [t(14;18)] rearrangement in 21% of analyzed nuclei. Next-generation sequencing additionally revealed BRAF V600E mutation, CDKN2A deletion, and human leukocyte antigen class I genomic alterations. CONCLUSION: This case highlights a rare testicular aggressive B-cell lymphoma with plasmablastic morphology and concurrent IGH::MYC and IGH::BCL2 rearrangements, representing a diagnostically challenging neoplasm at the interface between PBL and DHL. Our findings underscore the value of integrated morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular analyses in evaluating aggressive B-cell lymphomas with plasmablastic features arising in immune-privileged sites.

Humans↗
PubMed2025

Integrated genomics and morphological approach reveals interspecific gene flow cases and decodes the origin of selected feathergrasses (Poaceae, Stipa).

Central Asia is a diversity hotspot of arid-adapted grasses from the genus Stipa, with approximately 100 taxa found in the region. Recent studies in the steppe areas of Kazakhstan revealed specimens displaying intermediate morphology, distinguishing them from other taxa that grow sympatrically. Using integrative taxonomy, we investigated whether these individuals resulted from natural speciation or hybridisation, and if so, we would like to know which species were involved in this process feathergrasses. Research conducted in steppes of central Kazakhstan (Kyzylorda region), revealed the existence of individuals morphologically intermediate between S. arabica and S. richteriana, suggesting that these are probably of hybrid origin. Morphology and SNP markers validated the specimens as F1 hybrid between the aforementioned species by cladding separately based on neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. Moreover, genetic structure displayed a separate cluster and showed almost equal genetic admixture between S. arabica and S. richteriana. Additionally, fastStructure analysis detected two geographically separated cryptic genotypes within S. richteriana population and their involvement in the hybridisation resulted in occurrence of S. &#xd7; heptapotamica, S. &#xd7; czerepanovii and S. &#xd7; korshinskyi which recently were suggested as hybrids. Based on these evidences, we described a new nothospecies S. &#xd7; kyzylordensis, as F1 hybrid. Furthermore, morphologically, the nothospecies delimited with other hybrids in Kazakh steppe area, marking the first report of hybridisation between S. arabica and S. richteriana, along with molecular evidence for the origin of further species supposed to be hybrids. This finding is crucial to understanding species diversity and hybridisation process in morphologically and genetically distant Stipa species.

Poaceae↗