PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “sensorimotor function”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Changes in sensorimotor function associated with the degree of bradykinesia of Parkinson's disease.

Changes in coordinated eye and hand movements associated with the progress of bradykinesia were studied in 31 parkinsonian patients and 8 age-matched healthy subjects. Among the parameters expressing the changes in motor behaviour, the interval between the onset of eye and hand movements was most sensitive. This parameter reflected the difference in the progress of the symptom in the two motor systems. An increase in the reaction time of the hand response appeared in patients of grade II bradykinesia; this was observed for eye movements only in patients with grade III (severe) bradykinesia. While the changes in ocular reaction time remained within the physiological range, a lengthening of the reaction time, a reduction in peak velocity, a decrease in the open-loop gain, a prolongation of movement duration, and a slow build-up in EMG activity, appeared from an early stage in hand movement. These signs of motor disturbance may appear eventually in every motor system at an advanced stage, but their development is not synchronous in different motor systems. An analysis of the responses recorded simultaneously from the two motor systems examined made it possible to evaluate the changes in the sensorimotor processes with different grades of bradykinesia. A comparison between reaction times for eye and hand movements may be useful for assessing the degree of bradykinesia in parkinsonian patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Complex motor and sensorimotor functions of striatal and accumbens dopamine: involvement in instrumental behavior processes.

The suggestions that dopamine (DA) systems are involved in "motor control" and "reward" represent the classic working hypotheses on the behavioral functions of these systems. The research generated by these hypotheses has yielded results that are far more complicated than the simplest form of either hypothesis would indicate. Pharmacological or lesion-induced interference with DA function does not suppress all aspects of movement control, nor all aspects of reward, nor all aspects of motivation. The deficits produced by interference with DA systems are selective and dissociative in nature, affecting some aspects of motor or motivational function, but leaving others basically intact. In some sense the hypotheses that DA is involved in "motor" or "reward" or "motivational" processes are partly correct, but the processes to which these terms refer are too broad to offer an accurate and detailed description of the behavioral functions of brain DA. A review of the literature on the behavioral pharmacology of DA suggests that the behaviors most easily disrupted by DA antagonists are highly activated and complex learned instrumental responses that are elicited or supported by mild conditioned stimuli, and maintained for considerable periods of time. It is proposed that DA in accumbens and striatum modulates the ability of neocortical and limbic areas involved in sensory, associative, and affective processes to influence complex aspects of motor function, and also modulates the execution of complex motor acts organized by the neocortex. Thus, interference with DA systems produces a "subcortical apraxia", which dissociates complex stimulus processes from complex motor processes, but leaves aspects of those processes intact.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of aging on sensorimotor functions of eye and hand movements.

Changes in coordinated eye and hand movements with aging were studied in normal young and elderly subjects. Electrooculograms, flexor and extensor electromyograms, and potentials representing hand movements were recorded and used to evaluate the performance in aiming tasks. The parameters that reflect motor functions did not change significantly with aging in both eye and hand movements. However, elderly subjects commonly showed increases in reaction times of the initial (open-loop) movements in both eye and hand movements. Interestingly, the time increments were almost equivalent in these two functionally distinct motor systems. The durations of error-correcting (closed-loop) movements also increased significantly with aging in both motor systems. These increases suggest that the aging effects are the manifestation of impairment in the sensory process.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) disturbed the sensorimotor functional recovery from a sciatic lesion.

The effects of inhibition of polyamine synthesis on the motor and sensory functional neural recovery after a sciatic crush lesion was studied by measuring sensory and motor function of a crushed sciatic nerve after daily exposure to alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO). DFMO increased the time needed for functional motor recovery by 13% in the toe-spread test when the lesion was about 20 mm proximal to the target muscle. DFMO reduced the rate of sensory axonal elongation by 24% in the pinch-test.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Contextual control of trigeminal sensorimotor function.

Simple actions, such as rhythmic tongue protrusions, forelimb facial strokes, and forelimb flails, are emitted by rats both during taste-elicited ingestion/aversion and during postprandial grooming. This study combined peripheral trigeminal deafferentation with a computer-assisted video analysis of action form to examine the use of cutaneous feedback from the face in action production. Changes in action form after deafferentation were found to be context-dependent: Deformations characterized rhythmic tongue protrusions when emitted in ingestive but not in grooming contexts. The opposite was true for alterations in forelimb action. Further, postprandial grooming as a whole was found to comprise distinct sequentially defined phases. Actions occurring in one highly stereotyped sequence phase were protected from deafferentation effects, although the same actions occurring outside of this phase were not. The results suggest that behavioral context (e.g., grooming versus ingestive set, sequence phase) can shift the integration of sensory guided and endogenous mechanisms that pattern simple actions.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effect of alcohol on sensory and sensorimotor visual functions.

The literature on the effect of alcohol on sensory and sensorimotor visual functions is extensive. The findings are often contradictory and early studies did not correlate the effects with blood alcohol levels. This study was designed to test the effects of alcohol on various visual functions using equipment that is freely available to the clinician. A significant loss of visual field, accommodation and convergence that correlated with increasing blood alcohol levels was found. Visual acuity, color vision and stereoacuity were not significantly altered by alcohol.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1989

Age-dependent plasticity in the dopaminergic control of sensorimotor development.

The role of brain dopamine (DA) in the control of sensorimotor function was studied in normal rat pups and in animals depleted of DA at various stages of development. Acute administration of the DA antagonist haloperidol produced akinesia and catalepsy in normal pups as early as 3 days of age and resulted in impaired orientation to somatosensory stimulation by 15 days of age. In contrast, near-total depletions of striatal DA incurred on day 3, 15, or 20 produced no obvious deficits in sensorimotor function either soon after the depletion or after the animals reached adulthood. Rats depleted of DA on day 27 exhibited akinesia, catalepsy, and sensory neglect. These deficits resembled those seen in comparably depleted adults except that they were more transient, lasting 1 week rather than 4-5 weeks. Moreover, while rats depleted as adults became akinetic and cataleptic after the stress of a cold water swim, animals depleted on day 27 did not. These findings demonstrate that DA is involved in sensorimotor function during early development. The data also reveal an impressive degree of plasticity in the neural controls of sensorimotor function and that the extent of this plasticity is dependent upon the age at the time of damage.

Aging↗
PubMed2026

The Acute Effects of Blood Flow Restriction on Ankle Muscle Reaction Time and Proprioception in Healthy Individuals.

Blood flow restriction (BFR) induces hypoxic and metabolic stress, which may alter afferent feedback and neuromuscular control. However, its acute effects on ankle sensorimotor function remain unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the acute effects of lower-limb BFR on multidimensional ankle sensorimotor function in healthy adults. Twenty-four participants (12 females, 12 males) completed two conditions in randomized order and a crossover design: BFR at 60% arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) and a control condition (20 mmHg). All measurements were performed during occlusion. Outcomes included joint position sense (active and passive), kinesthesia, static and dynamic balance, lower-limb muscle activation (surface electromyography), and muscle reaction time during sudden ankle inversion. BFR impaired active joint position sense at 20 degrees of inversion (p = 0.011), with no changes at other angles or in kinesthesia. Static balance deteriorated, with increases in sway area (p = 0.017), sway distance (p = 0.029), and sway velocity (p < 0.001), particularly under eyes-closed single-leg stance. Posterolateral reach distance decreased (p = 0.023), accompanied by reduced lower-limb muscle activation. Tibialis anterior muscle reaction time during 30 degrees of inversion in the ankle neutral position was shortened (p < 0.001), whereas peroneus longus muscle responses were unchanged. Acute lower-limb BFR impairs ankle sensorimotor control by reducing proprioceptive accuracy, balance performance, and muscle activation, while shortening reaction time. These findings suggest caution when applying BFR during tasks that require high postural demands or end-range control. Registration number and date: NCT07307339, 12/26/2025.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Chronic infusion of GABA into the nucleus basalis magnocellularis or frontal cortex of rats: a behavioral and histological study.

In order to determine the influence of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) on the sensorimotor function of the frontal cortex (FCx) of the rat, GABA at various concentrations (10, 50 or 100 micrograms.microliters-1) was administered into these structures. GABA was infused for four consecutive days after which saline was infused for another four. On the contralateral side the order of administration was reversed. Each structure received GABA while its homologous on the contralateral side received saline. Before, during and after drug infusion, the animals were weighted and their performance in two non-reinforced behavioral tasks (beam walking and spontaneous rotation) was examined. When GABA was infused into the FCx, a dose-dependent and reversible sensorimotor deficit was observed along with a behavioral withdrawal syndrome upon GABA discontinuation. When GABA was administered into the NBM, a reversible sensorimotor deficit was observed only when GABA was infused at the highest concentration. In this case no behavioral changes were observed upon GABA discontinuation. Histologically, a gliosis was observed in the NBM in which GABA was infused at the two highest concentrations without saline pretreatment; these effects were not observed when GABA was infused without saline pretreatment into the FCx. In relation to our previous findings, these results suggest that i) the FCx is directly involved in the expression of sensorimotor functions, while the influence of the NBM on these functions appears only after severe subcortical damage, ii) a GABA withdrawal syndrome is observed following GABA administration in the FCx but not in the NBM, and iii) "tonic" effects of GABA are dose-related and partially dependent upon pretreatment conditions and the brain region infused.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Electrocortical arousal and spindles on physiological cortico-subcortical interactions.

The neuronal mechanisms of electrocortical arousal and sleep spindles were reviewed on the basis of intracellular analyses on the motor cortex in atraumatically maintained encéphale isolé cat preparations. When arousal is initiated by subcortical afferents from the brainstem, the cortical neurons respond with either excitation (E), inhibition (I), disfacilitation (DF), or disinhibition (DI), in a cascade pattern proceeding from the superficial to deep layers. These neuronal activities on arousal involve DF of the output neurons that may set the subcortical sensorimotor functions in a readiness state for a possible adaptive behavior of animals. This initial transient arousal termed phasic develops soon to the next, more sustained phase termed tonic by the action of other subcortical afferents. The cascade transmissions then occur again, producing E, I, DF, and DI in the cortical neurons but with a reverse laminar pattern proceeding from the deep to superficial layers. These neuronal activities on tonic and arousal deliver the cortical outputs to the subcortical systems that may trigger an orienting or searching behavior of animals in their environment. Sleep spindles also accompany the cascade transmissions that are partly common to those in arousal. Various modes of the cascade transmissions were further examined by applying electric shock stimuli to the cortical surface, the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus, and the cerebral peduncle to activate the subcortical afferents converging onto different cortical layers. The combined results from these experiments may imply that the cortico-subcortical interactions in which all the cortical neurons participate with dynamic harmony are instrumental to set a physiological sequence of animal behavior. If these interactions be impaired on the way of normal growth of the brain, as in the case of disorders with the Rett syndrome, many forms of ill adaptation may be brought about by dedifferentiation of sensorimotor functions.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1990

Spinal functions in sensorimotor control of movements.

The transformation of sensory information to movement patterns in spinal interneuronal systems is far from just being a stereotyped reflex pattern. Information from the different sensory modalities (skin-, muscle, and joint receptors) is integrated at the interneuronal level and transformed into patterns of coordinated movements which are adapted to the current position and the phase of movement of a limb. In addition, spinal interneuronal systems are capable of generating rhythmic motor activities like locomotion or scratching without a sensory feed-back from the periphery and without a corresponding drive from supraspinal structures. The same interneuronal systems which are engaged in the reflexogenic control and generation of movements at the spinal level also convey information for the performance of supraspinally-induced, goal-directed ("voluntary") movements. The inherent convergence between descending and peripheral afferent information onto common interneuronal systems implies an improved coordination and adaptation of movements in dependence on the peripheral conditions. Disturbance of the supraspinal control of these interneuronal systems leads to an impairment of the transformation of sensory inputs into motor acts. Spasticity is probably partly caused by such a disturbed control of the transmission in the interneuronal systems.

Animals↗