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PubMed1992

Cognitive processing of contradictory statements: an experimental study of reasoning on proverbs in schizophrenia.

Twenty schizophrenic patients and 20 normal subjects matched for age, sex and verbal level were asked to identify, from a list of alternatives, the statement that was the most contradictory to each of 8 proverbs. Schizophrenics (whether severely disturbed or not) were found to be less accurate in detecting the contradictions [F(1,18) = 29.21; p less than 0.0001]. No significant differences between undifferentiated and disorganized DSM-III subtypes were observed. The greatest tolerance of contradictory statements was interpreted in terms of violation of the 'no contradiction principle' and examined in the light of a deficit in logical abilities.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Psychometric properties of the Social Interaction Self-Statement Test in a college sample.

The psychometric properties of the Social Interaction Self-statement Test were investigated with a sample of 321 college students. Factor analysis of the 30 items gave two factors, similar to the positive and negative self-statement subscales. The internal consistency coefficients of the factor scales were high and adequate. Correlations between the subscales and independent measures of social anxiety and psychological distress from the Symptom Checklist-90--Revised were examined. Data provided opportunity for evaluating the construct validity and psychometric adequacy of the test.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Do statements about desired family size predict fertility? The case of Taiwan, 1967-1970.

The predictive accuracy of respondents' statements about their future fertility is examined, using interview data from a longitudinal study conducted in Taiwan. Two measures of preference are found to be highly intercorrelated; and regardless of which one is used, Taiwanese women are shown to predict their subsequent fertility at least as well as U.S. women. The preference measures are also predictive of rates of contraceptive use and abortion. While demographic and social characteristics are correlated with fertility in expected directions, statements about wanting more children prove to be highly predictive of subsequent fertility for both modern and less advanced segments of the population.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1992

Pertussis vaccination: acellular pertussis vaccine for reinforcing and booster use--supplementary ACIP statement. Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP).

This supplementary statement provides information on and recommendations for the use of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP). One such vaccine was recently licensed, ACEL-IMMUNE.* This vaccine is licensed for use only as the fourth and fifth doses of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccination; it is not licensed for the initial three-dose series in infants and children, regardless of age. At least one other DTaP product is anticipated to be licensed in the future for use as the fourth and fifth doses. The current Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP) statement on diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis issued August 8, 1991, gives general recommendations on pertussis prevention, including the use of whole-cell pertussis vaccines for primary and booster vaccination (1).

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Permanent Working Group of European Junior Hospital Doctors. Policy statement on postgraduate medical education in general practice. Prepared by the Subcommittee on Postgraduate Medical Training.

The Permanent Working Group of European Junior Hospital Doctors' Policy Statement on Postgraduate Medical Education reviewed the regulations governing postgraduate training in the European Communities and set out educational principles which the Group believed were applicable in all medical disciplines. Recognizing that the training of general practitioners poses some specific problems, the PWG has adopted this further statement on training in general practice. It reaffirms the need for trainees to have a model of good practice, extensive experience, theoretical teaching, critical scrutiny and regular, unambiguous feedback regarding progress. In addition, it argues for the availability of an appropriate number of posts for GP trainees both in hospitals and in practices and an awareness among hospital-based trainers of the educational needs of trainees who intend a career in general practice.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗
PubMed1977

[Semantics of psychopathological statements. I. Tetraglossia and affective function of the language].

The semantics of clinical statements in psychopathology will be studied in two parts. Here, the affective function and the vernacular element are analysed in the light of their relationship to the other aspects of the language, i.e. the vehicular, referential and mythical aspects. This tetraglossy is in the context of two neuroses whose outbreak involves linguistic phenomena. The symptoms and utterances form semiotic statements linked up by the perlocutory acts of the utterance which in the psychopathological process closely associate vehicular function and affects in a field of belief consistent with their clinical expression.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

On the applicability of statements on drinking and dietary habits for the calculation of risks or organ damage in chronic alcoholics.

Data from 12 alcoholics admitted to a detoxication ward on two separate occasions revealed great differences in statements on drinking and dietary habits between the two interrogations. The findings clearly demonstrate that such statements do not give reliable informations on drinking and dietary habits during prolonged periods. Furthermore, data from 61 patients show that a classification into chronic and intermitent drinkers only to some extent improves the possibilities to calculate the alcohol consumption over prolonged periods, since because of e.g. frequent or prolonged hospitalizations many chronic drinkers may be intoxicated during fewer days of the year than intermittent drinkers.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Diagnosis and management of very rare primary arrhythmia syndromes in children and adults: a Clinical Consensus Statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association of the ESC and the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing & Allied Professions of the ESC, endorsed by the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology.

Very rare and ultra-rare primary inherited arrhythmia syndromes (IAS) represent a heterogeneous group of disorders associated with a significant risk of sudden cardiac death, often manifesting from foetal life to early adulthood. Current guidelines primarily address more common IAS and provide limited, non-specific recommendations for these rare entities, particularly in paediatric populations. This European Heart Rhythm Association Clinical Consensus Statement, developed in collaboration with the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions and endorsed by the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology, integrates available evidence with expert opinion. Recommendations were formulated through structured discussion and voting, following ESC consensus methodology, with a focus on clinically actionable gene-disease associations. The document provides a comprehensive framework for the diagnosis and management of very rare IAS, including calmodulinopathies, Andersen-Tawil syndrome, Timothy syndrome, TRDN-related disease, calcium release deficiency syndrome, and other atypical channelopathies. It highlights age-specific clinical presentations, the importance of genetic testing, and tailored therapeutic strategies, including pharmacological treatments, left cardiac sympathetic denervation, and selective use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Special attention is given to paediatric considerations, foetal diagnosis, and the role of multidisciplinary care. The document also addresses arrhythmic risk in metabolic and cardiomyopathic conditions, as well as the importance of molecular autopsy and family screening in sudden unexplained death. This consensus document fills a critical gap by providing expert-driven, pragmatic guidance for the management of very rare IAS across the lifespan. It underscores the need for specialized care, international collaboration, and prospective registries to improve evidence generation, risk stratification, and patient outcomes in this vulnerable population.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Wearable wrist-watch type cuff oscillometric blood pressure monitors: consensus statement by the European Society of Hypertension Working Group on blood pressure monitoring.

Wearable wristwatch-type cuff oscillometric blood pressure (BP) monitors represent a new category of BP devices and are the first wearable monitors to use established cuff-oscillometric BP measurement technology. This consensus statement by the European Society of Hypertension Working Group on BP Monitoring reviews the published evidence on their design, accuracy, validation, clinical application, and remaining research questions. Of 281 articles identified through a systematic PubMed search, 26 were relevant. Several devices are currently available; however, only two have published validation studies performed according to established standards (Omron HeartGuide and Huawei Watch D/D2). Static validation studies generally showed acceptable accuracy, whereas data on 24-h ambulatory use, in special populations, and clinical applications remain limited. Potential advantages include self-initiated measurement at home, at work, and in other settings and conditions; more convenient and repeatable 24-h ambulatory monitoring; more convenient and accurate assessment of asleep BP; capture of stress-related and other BP-related episodes. However, proper wrist position, user adherence, ambulatory performance, and clinical applications require further investigation. More research is needed to establish the accuracy and clinical utility of these novel devices and their role in improving the diagnosis and management of hypertension.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Continuous Intraperitoneal Insulin Infusion for People With Type 1 Diabetes: A Literature Review and International Position Statement.

Achieving glucose targets without hypoglycaemia is the treatment goal in type 1 diabetes. Structured education, intensified insulin injection regimens, continuous glucose monitoring, automated insulin delivery, and ongoing support from a multidisciplinary team all support people with type 1 diabetes to achieve this goal. Despite these advances, significant barriers to achieving optimal management remain. Continuous intraperitoneal insulin infusion has comparable or better glucose outcomes to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and may reduce the frequency of hypoglycaemia, including severe episodes. Intraperitoneal insulin may be considered as a treatment modality for children and adults with type 1 diabetes using optimised intensive insulin therapy for whom subcutaneous insulin has failed due to lipoatrophy, -dystrophy or -hypertrophy, local allergy, subcutaneous insulin resistance or co-existing skin conditions. Failure of subcutaneous insulin may result in recurrent or unexplained severe hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia. Intraperitoneal insulin may also be considered as a treatment modality for people with type 1 diabetes with severe needle-phobia, and for those being considered for islet cell or pancreatic transplantation, or where transplantation is not available. This paper summarises current intraperitoneal insulin delivery technology, its potential risks and benefits, and an expert position statement. It is intended for use by diabetes specialist healthcare professionals, and as a reference for other healthcare professionals, commissioners, payors, people with diabetes, their carers, and advocates.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

State of Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke in Hispanic/Latino Adults in the United States: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Cardiovascular disease became the leading cause of death among Hispanic individuals in the United States in 2022. Hispanic adults experience a disproportionate burden of cardiometabolic risk factors, including obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Hispanic populations are highly heterogeneous, with substantial variations in genetic ancestry and sociocultural influences that shape cardiovascular disease risk and outcomes. The "Hispanic paradox," describing lower cardiovascular disease mortality despite higher risk factor burden, is increasingly recognized as an oversimplification that does not apply uniformly across Hispanic heritage groups, sexes, or disease types. Disaggregated data reveal substantial differences in risk profiles and disease burden among Hispanic heritage groups, emphasizing the limitations of treating this population as a monolithic unit. Recent evidence demonstrates widening disparities in hypertension control, obesity, diabetes, and metabolic diseases among Hispanic populations, threatening this prior mortality advantage. Advancing cardiovascular and equitable health will require developing a deeper understanding of the unique drivers of cardiovascular disease within diverse Hispanic communities, addressing barriers such as language and insurance access, and implementing culturally tailored interventions and policies. This scientific statement summarizes current cardiovascular disease epidemiology in Hispanic populations, emphasizing heritage group variation and social and structural determinants of health, and presents strategies to improve prevention and healthcare delivery. Key priorities for advancing cardiovascular health in Hispanic adults include expanding disaggregated data collection, increasing representation in research, and ensuring equitable implementation of precision medicine approaches, including genomics, multi-omics, and artificial intelligence, while addressing environmental exposures, psychosocial stressors, and policy-related drivers of risk in order to achieve the American Heart Association's 2028 Impact Goals to advancing health and hope for everyone, everywhere.

AHA Scientific Statements↗
PubMed1991

Alcohol and hypertension--implications for management. A consensus statement by the World Hypertension League.

The World Hypertension League (WHL) is an association of antihypertensive leagues, hypertension societies, committees and other national bodies whose aim is to control hypertension in populations. The present paper is the fourth in a series of 'In the Focus Statements' on topics selected for their practical importance to the management of hypertension, addressed to practising physicians. Like the earlier papers, it has been repeatedly and extensively discussed by the representatives of WHL's member organizations' and accepted as a consensus document.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1992

Guidelines for clinical care: anti-infective agents for intra-abdominal infection. A Surgical Infection Society policy statement.

Several antibiotics have been marketed for therapeutic use in intra-abdominal infection. Often, these agents do not provide a sufficient spectrum activity against both facultative and obligate anaerobic gram-negative organisms, or have certain toxic effects that would not otherwise support their use. Guidelines have been developed for selection of antibiotic therapy for intra-abdominal infections and are presented as a statement of the Surgical Infection Society endorsed by the Executive Council. These guidelines are restricted to infections derived from the gastrointestinal tract and deal with those microorganisms commonly seen in such infections. The recommendations are based on in vitro activity against enteric bacteria, experience in animal models, and documented efficacy in clinical trials. Other concerns regarding pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, microbial resistance, and safety were also used in the formation of these guidelines. For community-acquired infections of mild to moderate severity, single-agent therapy with cefoxitin, cefotetan, or cefmetazole or ticarcillin-clavulanic acid is recommended. For more severe infections, single-agent therapy with carbapenems (imipenem/cilastatin) or combination therapy with either a third-generation cephalosporin, a monobactam (aztreonam), or an aminoglycoside plus clindamycin or metronidazole is recommended. Regimens with little or no activity against facultative gram-negative rods or anaerobic gram-negative rods are not considered acceptable.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1978

Yale Conference on Behavioral Medicine: a proposed definition and statement of goals.

The Yale Conference on Behavioral Medicine brought a diverse group of behavioral and biomedical scientists together for the purpose of arriving at an interdisciplinary yet consensual definition, statement of goals, and set of recommendations regarding the emerging field of behavioral medicine. It was proposed that behavioral medicine be defined as "the field concerned with the development of behavioral science knowledge and techniques relevant to the understanding of physical health and illness and the application of this knowledge and techniques to prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. psychosis, neurosis, and substance abuse are included only insofar as they contribute to physical disorders as an end point." The rational behind this definition and proposals for future developments in the field are discussed.

Congresses as Topic↗
PubMed1975

Effects of immediacy of feedback and level of aspiration statements on learning tasks for delinquent youngsters.

The performance of institutionalized delinquent youngsters on paired associate learning tasks was investigated to determine whether level of aspiration (LOA) statements were associated with improved performance under varying feedback conditions. The effects of the feedback conditions were also examined. Forty-eight male adolescents were randomly assigned to the following six treatment conditions: (1) Delayed Feedback, (2) Delayed Feedback with LOA, (3) Immediate Feedback, (4) Immediate Feedback with LOA, (5) No Feedback, (6) No Feedback with LOA. The LOA conditions produced significantly better performance than did the no-LOA conditions. Implications for curricular intervention are discussed.

Achievement↗
PubMed1992

Summary statements from the Third Conference on Radiation Protection and Dosimetry.

The Third Conference on Radiation Protection and Dosimetry was conducted in Orlando, FL, on 21-24 October 1991. At the end of the conference, each member of the Technical Program Committee summarized the events considered to be of particular importance. Subjects discussed included dosimetry accreditation programs, regulations, standards, compliance, advances in dosimeters and instrumentation, training, needs in metrology, and funding of dosimetry research. These statements have been collected and combined and are presented as a brief summary of the conference.

Radiation Protection↗
PubMed1992

Ten statements on the motivation of medical teachers to teach.

Not only high number of students, increasing disintegration of curricula, lack of resources or hindering state regulations and laws seem to be the crucial problem in medical education worldwide but in particular substantially reduced interest and poor commitment in educational matters. Ten statements on possible reasons for the teachers' lack of motivation to teach are given and proposals for promoting their commitment are made.

Career Choice↗