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Results for “tumor grading”

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PubMed1978

Histologic grading of Wilms' tumor as potential prognostic factor: results of a retrospective study of 26 patients.

A histologic grading system based on tumor differentiation was applied in a retrospective study of 26 patients with Wilms' tumor to determine if it might provide an index to prognosis. The results were compared to those obtained by applying a histologic classification based on the presence or absence of individual histologic structures to the same tumors. Low grade tumors with predominance of differentiated structures--glomeruli and tubules--were associated with a better cure rate than high grade tumors composed mainly of undifferentiated spindle elements. The presence of undifferentiated large cells correlated with poor cure rate. The findings suggest that histologic grading may be valid as a prognostic factor in Wilms' tumor.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Inhibition of leukocyte migration by extracts of malignant prostatic tissue and correlation of degree of in vitro sensitization to clinical responsiveness in prostatic cancer patients.

In an attempt to evaluate the degree of in vitro cellular sensitization to tumor and its relationship to clinical responsiveness, direct leukocyte migration tests were carried out in patients with varying degrees of adenocarcinoma of the prostate employing pooled allogeneic extracts of normal, benign, and malignant prostatic tissue as a source of antigen. Cell-mediated immunity to presumably common prostatic tumor associated antigens was observed. The degree of sensitization of clinically significant specific reactivity of the patients' leukocytes to malignant prostatic tissue was greatest in patients with localized disease, low-grade tumor, and clinically inactive disease than in patients with advanced disease, high-grade tumor, and clinically active disease. Evaluation of the possible correlation of specific reactivity to malignant prostatic tissue as a prognostic index of clinical responsiveness revealed a positive correlation with the degree of sensitization in 3 (43 per cent) of 7 patients. Correlation in 4 patients was questionable because of observations of "stimulation" of migration rather than inhibition, suggested by some to be reflective of weak sensitization to tumor. Evaluation of a larger patient population as well as a prospective study of the relationship of the degree of sensitization and clinical responsiveness will be necessary before any definitive conclusions may be drawn regarding the present observations.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2026

PLK1/FOXM1-associated tumor-cell state and macrophage-related immune features in endometrial cancer.

BACKGROUND: Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) have been widely studied in various cancers; however, their expression characteristics in endometrial cancer (EC) and their potential association with tumor microenvironment remodeling remain insufficiently characterized. METHODS: This study integrated The Cancer Genome Atlas uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma cohort, Gene Expression Omnibus, pan-cancer transcriptomic data, Human Protein Atlas/Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium, and local immunohistochemistry data to evaluate PLK1 expression and clinicopathological relevance across transcriptomic, proteomic, and histopathological data. Differential expression, survival, gene-set enrichment, transcription-factor enrichment, and immune-infiltration analyses characterized PLK1-associated features. In vitro experiments combined EC cell lines AN3CA and HEC-1A with co-immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, Transwell assays, and a THP-1 conditioned-medium model. Drug-response prediction and structure-based analysis prioritized candidate therapeutic hypotheses. RESULTS: PLK1 was consistently upregulated at both mRNA and protein levels in EC and was associated with higher tumor grade and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage. In survival analysis, higher PLK1 expression was associated with poorer overall survival in univariable models but not after adjustment for age, tumor grade, and FIGO stage. Functional enrichment analysis showed that PLK1-associated genes were mainly involved in cell-cycle and mitotic processes. FOXM1 was identified as a potential candidate component of the PLK1-associated transcriptional program and was positively correlated with PLK1 expression and cell-cycle-related features. In vitro experiments supported an interaction between PLK1 and FOXM1 and suggested that FOXM1 Thr600 phosphorylation-related alterations were associated with migration and invasion phenotypes. Furthermore, the PLK1/FOXM1-associated tumor-cell state was linked to macrophage-related immune features and changes in the M2-like marker profile of THP-1-derived macrophage-like cells. Drug response analyses suggested differential predicted sensitivity patterns in PLK1-high tumors, providing candidate therapeutic hypotheses for further validation. CONCLUSION: The PLK1/FOXM1-associated tumor-cell state may represent a distinct molecular feature associated with proliferative activity, invasive phenotypes, and macrophage-related immune features in EC. This study provides preliminary evidence supporting the biological relevance of this molecular feature and highlights potential therapeutic directions for future investigation.

FoxM1↗

PubMed1976

Status of the contralateral ovary in encapsulated low grade malignant tumors of the ovary.

The incidence of bilateral involvement in carcinoma of the ovary is shown to be relatively high. This is true for the different histologic type of malignant lesions and even when the ovary is grossly normal in appearance and on palpation. Only when carcinoma of the ovary is low grade, intracystic, unruptured and nonadherent and is in a young woman desirous of childbirth can it be managed conservatively.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2026

Comprehensive In Silico Analysis Identifies MSTO1 and LIG1 as Candidate Biomarkers With Diagnostic and Prognostic Relevance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Its poor clinical outcomes are largely attributed to late-stage diagnosis and the limited accuracy of currently available diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Therefore, identifying novel molecular markers with improved sensitivity, specificity, and therapeutic relevance is essential for enhancing early detection and guiding personalized treatment strategies. AIMS: To identify and prioritize novel candidate HCC biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic value and potential therapeutic vulnerability using integrated multi-omics, survival, functional dependency, and tumor microenvironment analyses. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined the mRNA and protein expression levels of 8 DEGs in HCC tissues in the TCGA and CPTAC datasets using UALCAN, which showed that MSTO1 and LIG1 were overexpressed consistently in HCC relative to normal liver tissues. Moreover, elevated expression levels of these genes were significantly associated with higher tumor grade and advanced stage. Kaplan-Meier plotter survival data confirmed that increased expression of MSTO1 and LIG1 was associated with poorer overall survival. The DepMap CRISPR knockout data confirmed a functional dependency of both genes in HCC cell lines. CBioPortal analyses provided characterization of genomic alterations and enabled enrichment analysis of co-expressed genes, and the TCGA-UALCAN pan-cancer analyses supported the assessment of tissue specificity across tumor types. TIMER3 analyses linked candidate gene expression with immune cell infiltration patterns. Diagnostic performance by ROC analysis showed excellent discrimination for MSTO1 (AUC = 0.987) and good discrimination for LIG1 (AUC = 0.897). Multivariate Cox regression with Benjamini-Hochberg FDR correction across the eight genes supported MSTO1 as a candidate independent prognostic factor after adjustment for tumor stage, grade, etiology, age, and sex (HR = 1.29, p = 0.035), whilst LIG1 showed no independent prognostic value. Promoter methylation of MSTO1 and ADH4, assessed via UALCAN, showed that both genes were significantly differentially methylated in the promoter region of primary HCC tissues compared with normal liver tissues. Our study also confirmed the biological and clinical relevance of established HCC biomarkers: TERT, IRAK1, and ADH4. CONCLUSION: MSTO1 and LIG1 emerged as candidate diagnostic biomarkers in HCC. Additionally, MSTO1 showed a candidate prognostic association with overall survival that remained significant after adjusting for tumor stage, grade, and etiology, as well as patients' age, but not after further adjustment for AFP status. Functional data also highlighted MSTO1 as a candidate therapeutic dependency. On the other hand, LIG1 showed no independent prognostic association in either multivariate model. Their differential expression and functional essentiality in HCC cell lines highlighted their value for further experimental and independent-cohort validation before potential integration into biomarker development pipelines aimed at improving early detection and targeted therapy in HCC.

Humans↗

PubMed1978

Surgical treatment of submucosal tumors of the hard palate.

Two cases have been presented to illustrated to illustrate the principles of total excisional biopsy for palatal tumors and the postoperative management of the resulting defect with the use of palatal splints. Total excisional biopsy is curative for benign tumors and for some malignant-grade tumors, and is the preferred method of treatment when possible. Total excision of the lesion with adequate margins negates the possibility of seeding the tumor into surrounding tissue or of leaving behind residual tumor.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗

PubMed2026

Comprehensive Somatic Profiling of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) is rising, yet their biological heterogeneity and variable response to treatments remain poorly understood. Comprehensive genomic characterization may uncover somatic drivers and inform biomarker-driven therapeutic strategies. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed clinically ordered next-generation sequencing (NGS) results from tumor samples of 111 patients with confirmed GEP-NENs treated at Johns Hopkins Hospital between 2020 and 2022. Pathogenic and likely pathogenic mutations were identified using OncoKB, CHASMplus, and COSMIC databases. Mutational patterns were correlated with clinical characteristics and overall survival using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: In this retrospective study of 111 patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs), somatic pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations were identified in 79% of cases. The most frequent alterations involved TP53 (19%), MEN1 (17%), and chromatin remodeling genes such as DAXX (9%) and ATRX (6%). Notably, we also identified a subset of patients (9%) patients with mutations typically associated with hematologic malignancies. Distinct co-mutation and mutual exclusivity patterns were observed between pancreatic and non-pancreatic NENs. Poorly differentiated or high-grade tumors correlated with mutations in TP53, KRAS, and CDKN2A. Mutations in KRAS, DAXX/ATRX, and hematologic malignancy-associated genes were independently associated with worse overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals distinct somatic mutation patterns in GEP-NENs associated with tumor differentiation, grade, primary site, and survival. The identification of hematologic malignancy-associated mutations in a subset of GEP-NENs suggests possible shared molecular phenotypes with poor prognostic implications. The presence of KRAS mutations supports exploring pan-RAS inhibitors as potential therapies in select patients. These findings highlight the clinical utility of genomic profiling in GEP-NENs.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms↗

PubMed2026

Stage-Independent Real-Time Subtype Classification and Comprehensive Biopsy Profiling of Urothelial Carcinomas by the Lund Taxonomy System.

Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous malignancy with diverse clinical outcomes, and conventional pathological assessment alone is insufficient to capture its underlying biology. Gene expression profiling can stratify tumors into molecular subtypes with prognostic and predictive potential, but the reliability of transcriptomic classification and its clinical utility remains to be established. The translational/observational UROSCANSEQ study (ISRCTN15459149) prospectively evaluates RNA-based Lund Taxonomy (LundTax) molecular subtype classification in a clinical setting. Among 784 consecutive biopsies collected between 2018 and 2022, RNA sequencing was successful for 90% of all biopsies, encompassing 662 bladder cancer patients with a stage distribution of 48% Ta, 27% T1, 24% ≥T2, and 1% CIS. We demonstrate that the LundTax subtype classification algorithm, applied to individual samples, accurately identifies cancer cell phenotypes with characteristic gene and protein expression patterns in a manner robust to RNA quality, data preprocessing strategies, and batch effects, supporting its clinical feasibility across both non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive disease. We further extend the LundTax framework by incorporating single-sample molecular risk scores reflecting tumor grade, proliferation, and progression risk, as well as tumor microenvironment signatures. Both risk scores and overall immune and stromal content in biopsies were significantly associated with an increased risk of clinical progression in noninvasive disease. In a separate analysis of the relative cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment, however, only the fraction of natural killer cells remained significant. Together, the expanded LundTax system provides a comprehensive molecular portrait of individual tumor biopsies. By explicitly separating cancer cell-intrinsic phenotypes, prognostic indexes, and microenvironmental signals, the framework minimizes biological confounding and establishes a strong foundation for future studies evaluating clinical outcomes and treatment responses.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

[Cytoprognosis in the pretherapeutic assessment of carcinoma of the breast. 192 cases. (author's transl)].

A cytologic grading method of fine needle aspiration smears has been applied to 192 cases of breast carcinoma. Grade I defines well differenciated carcinoma, grade II pleioporphic tumor cells, grade III anaplastic carcinoma. Special attention was given to the unfavorable forms of tumors (grade III). The cytologic grading was correlated with the NMT clinical classification, with the notion of acute exacerbation and with axillary nodes involvement. The correlation of grading with the clinical course of the disease was evaluated after a twelve months follow up. In 4% of patients classified in grade I, 8% of grade II and 58% of grade III, metastases, local recurrence or death had occurred within one year. The contribution of grading to the identification of fast growing tumors is discussed.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1976

Supraglottic larynx and its pathology as studied by whole laryngeal sections.

The need for additional data regarding the behavior of carcinomas of the supraglottic larynx was recognized during attempts to identify candidates for supraglottic laryngectomy. The crux of the matter was whether supraglottic carcinomas remain confined at the supraglottic larynx. If some do not, can these exceptions be detected preoperatively? Information gained from whole-organ study of 40 larynges with such tumors showed that most tumors do remain confined to the supraglottic larynx; however, there are exceptions, and these are usually high-grade tumors. Preoperative biopsy demonstrating undifferentiation in a tumor suggests a potential for atypical behavior. Patients with these high-grade lesions are not candidates for supraglottic laryngectomy. Fortunately, most supraglottic carcinomas are well-differentiated, behave in a typical manner, and fulfill the expectations gained from the preoperative mucosal appearance. Supraglottic laryngectomy is, therefore, feasible and successful in carefully selected candidates. The conclusions of this study are the following: 1. Most supraglottic cancers behave as expected, being typically well-differentiated tumors that remain confined to the supraglottic larynx. 2. Exceptions to such behavior are exemplified by tumors manifesting submucosal extension some distance away from the main tumor mass, tumors invading the thyroid cartilage, second primaries, and tumors disseminating emboli away from the main tumor. 3. Present preoperative diagnostic measures still fail to detect tumors with atypical behavior. Subsequent supraglottic laryngectomy in patients with such tumors would, therefore, leave residual tumor. 4. Carcinomas exhibiting atypical behavior are characteristically undifferentiated and aggressive. 5. The epiglottis and pre-epiglottic space are easily invaded by supraglottic cancer. The pre-epiglottic space is removed during either supraglottic or total laryngectomy. 6. The thyroid cartilage is an excellent barrier to the spread of supraglottic cancers. Tumors that invade it penetrate the anterior commissure first. 7. The pitfalls in the selection of candidates for supraglottic laryngectomy are assessment problems in which the tumor mass makes it difficult to see its full mucosal extent. Inadequate biopsy may also fail to detect a tumor. 8. In the preoperative assessment of a patient with supraglottic carcinoma, supraglottic laryngectomy is contraindicated if the biopsy does show high-grade differentiation and if the tumor is situated near the petiole. 9. Undetected extension submucosally to the level of the glottis will result in some failures with conservation surgery of the larynx.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed1978

Evaluation of bladder washing cytology for bladder cancer surveillance.

Urinary cytology is almost as accurate as cystoscopy in appraising the presence or absence of visible tumor. Falsely negative results are virtually limited to low stage, low grade tumors. Urinary cytology often provides information about the neoplastic state of the epithelium not provided by cystoscopic examination. Cytology has become practical and simple to do even as an office procedure. Urinary cytology must be considered an essential part of patient management in bladder cancer surveillance.

Cytodiagnosis↗

PubMed1979

Ovarian carcinoma: improved survival following abdominopelvic irradiation in patients with a completed pelvic operation.

A prospective, stratified, randomized study of 190 postoperative ovarian patients with Stages IB, II, and III (asymptomatic) presentations is reported. The median time of follow-up was 52 months. Patients in whom bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and hysterectomy (BSOH) could not be completed because of extensive pelvic tumor had a poor prognosis which did not differ for any of the therapied tested. When BSOH was completed, pelvic plus abdominopelvic irradiation (P + AB) with no diaphragmatic shielding significnatly improved patient survival rate and long-term control of occult upper abdominal disease in approximately 25% more patients than pelvic irradiation alone or followed by adjuvant daily chlorambucil therapy. The effectiveness of P + AB in BSOH-completed patients was independent of stage or tumor grade and was most clearly appreciated in patients with all gross tumor removed. Chlorambucil added to pelvic irradiation delayed the time to treatment failure without reducing the number of treatment failures.

Abdomen↗

PubMed2025

Identification and validation of the important role of KIF11 in the development and progression of endometrial cancer.

BACKGROUND: Human kinesin family member 11 (KIF11) plays a vital role in regulating the cell cycle and is implicated in the tumorigenesis and progression of various cancers, but its role in endometrial cancer (EC) is still unclear. Our current research explored the prognostic value, biological function and targeting strategy of KIF11 in EC through approaches including bioinformatics, machine learning and experimental studies. METHODS: The GSE17025 dataset from the GEO database was analyzed via the limma package to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in EC. Functional enrichment analysis of the DEGs was conducted using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. DEGs were further screened for hub genes through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and machine learning. The role of the hub gene KIF11 in EC was analyzed using clinical data from the TCGA database. The expression of KIF11 in EC was subsequently validated in clinical samples. In vitro experiments were utilized to evaluate the effects of KIF11 on biological functions such as proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and the cell cycle in endometrial cancer cells. RESULTS: A total of 877 DEGs, which are widely involved in important biological processes such as cell division, tubulin binding, and the cell cycle, were identified. Through PPI network analysis and machine learning, KIF11 was selected as the hub gene for subsequent analysis and experimental validation. An analysis of TCGA data revealed that KIF11 is highly expressed in EC and is associated with tumor grade, stage, and a low survival rate. The overexpression of KIF11 in tumor tissues was further confirmed in EC patient samples. KIF11 knockdown had inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that KIF11 knockdown induced G2/M phase arrest and promoted apoptosis in EC cells. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that KIF11 was upregulated in EC and was strongly associated with a poor prognosis. Notably, we found that reduced KIF11 expression inhibited EC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. KIF11 knockdown caused more EC cells to arrest in the G2/M phase and undergo apoptosis. The findings of our study emphasized that KIF11 may be a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for EC patients.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Cabozantinib for advanced grade 3 neuroendocrine tumors: subgroup analysis of the phase 3 CABINET trial (Alliance A021602).

Well-differentiated grade 3 neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have recently been described as a distinct category, and randomized data regarding efficacy of therapy for these patients are scarce. In the phase 3 CABINET trial, cabozantinib improved PFS compared with placebo in patients with advanced, previously treated, progressive extra-pancreatic NETs (epNETs) and pancreatic NETs (pNETs) of all grades. Here, we evaluate if these results remain consistent in a subgroup of patients with well-differentiated G3 NETs. Patients with locally advanced or metastatic epNETs or pNETs were randomized 2:1 in independent cohorts to receive cabozantinib 60 mg daily vs placebo. We analyzed outcomes of the subset of patients with G3 NETs (Ki-67 > 20%), combining patients in the pNET and epNET cohorts due to small sample sizes. Twenty-four patients had G3 NETs, 16 randomized to cabozantinib and 8 to placebo. Primary sites included pancreas (n = 12), GI tract (n = 7), unknown primary sites (n = 3), and lung/thymus (n = 2). Median PFS for patients with G3 NETs treated with cabozantinib was 7.9 vs 3 months with placebo (HR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.04-0.57, 1-sided log-rank P = 0.0034). The confirmed overall radiographic response rate was 25% (4/16) with cabozantinib vs 0% (0/8) with placebo. Safety outcomes were consistent with published data for the trial as a whole. Subset analysis of the CABINET trial showed improved PFS associated with cabozantinib vs placebo for G3 NETs of pancreatic and extra-pancreatic origin. Despite limited numbers, these results suggest that cabozantinib can be an effective option for patients with advanced G3 NETs. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03375320.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A MAGIBU-based model for pediatric and juvenile CNS tumors: an in-house epigenetic decision-support framework compared with online DNA methylation classifiers.

Background: DNA methylation profiling is a tool that provides key support for central nervous system (CNS) tumor classification. However, diagnostically ambiguous pediatric cases may result in discordant outputs across classifiers. We developed MAGIBU, a cross-platform, projection-based framework that embeds individual methylomes into a fixed CNS reference landscape, ranking diagnostic entities by local epigenetic proximity to support clinician-led integrative diagnosis. Methods: As a proof-of-concept, we evaluated MAGIBU in eight morphologically challenging pediatric/juvenile CNS tumors with unresolved diagnoses after institutional and central pathology review. To establish a benchmark in the absence of a definitive histopathological ground truth, a consensus epigenetic reference was defined a priori for cases showing concordant results between the Heidelberg CNS Tumor Methylation Classifier and Methylscape Analysis. Comparisons were also performed with Epigenomic Digital Pathology (EpiDiP). To validate MAGIBU beyond this discovery cohort, performance was assessed at the family level across the CNS methylation spectrum (n = 678, 28 methylation families), on non-array platforms (whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and Oxford Nanopore), and in a focused analysis of the low-grade glioma and diffuse midline glioma compartment across four independent cohorts (n = 670). Results: In the discovery cohort, MAGIBU achieved high concordance with the consensus reference (Cohen's κ = 0.855), outperforming EpiDiP (κ = 0.278), which frequently placed low-grade tumors in proximity to higher-grade reference regions. Conclusions: MAGIBU provides a stable, quantitative differential diagnosis framework that mitigates the limitations of rigid categorical assignments. By leveraging a distance-based proximity metric, it offers a transparent decision-support tool that integrates effectively with clinical, radiological, and molecular data. While performance is inherently dependent on reference atlas composition, MAGIBU represents a robust complementary approach for the diagnostic workup of ambiguous CNS tumors.

Brain↗

PubMed1975

Primary fibrosarcoma of bone. A clinicopathologic study of 130 patients.

One hundred thirty patients with histologically verified primary fibrosarcoma of bone, unassociated with any pre-existent benign bone condition, were treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1918 and 1973. This series of cases represents approximately 5% of primary malignant bone tumors treated in our institution. Eighty-nine of the lesions were medullary or central in location, and 41 were periosteal or peripheral. There was a nearly equal sex distribution, and a mean age of 38 years ranging from 4 to 83 years. This lesion exhibited a strong predilection for long bones, with the most common location being the femur (43 cases), humerus (16 cases), and tibia (12 cases). In 19 instances, bones of the head and neck area were the primary sites. The roentgenographic differential diagnoses included osteolytic osteogenic sarcoma, malignant giant cell tumor, metastatic carcinoma, or solitary plasma cell myeloma. Major ablative surgery was the primary method of therapy. Amputation was performed, yielding the best curative results in high-grade tumors, while radical local excision sufficed for most low-grade periosteal fibrosarcomas. Thirty-four percent of the patients survived 5 years (27% medullary and 52% periosteal), while 28% were alive after 10 years (20% medullary and 48% periosteal). These survival rates provide further evidence that fibrosarcoma of bone is a distinct clinicopathologic entity and not a variant of osteosarcoma, which carries a much poorer 5-year survival rate of approximately 17%.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

Giant-cell tumor and chondrosarcomas: grading, treatment and results (studies of 209 and 131 cases).

The Author reviews 209 cases of giant-cell tumor (follow-up 3-42 years in 130 cases) and 131 chondrosarcomas (70 central, 50 peripheral, 11 periosteal; follow-up 10-32 years in 63 cases). Giant-cell tumors are graded into three radiographic types (calm, active, aggressive) and three histologic types (typical, aggressive, sarcoma). Chondrosarcomas were also graded into three radiographic and three histologic types (grades I, II, III). Incidence and mutual relationships of radiographic and histologic grades are presented. In recurrences it is possible to observe a progression of malignancy in giant-cell tumor and - more often - in chondrosarcomas. Results are related to the radiographic and histologic grading and to the type of treatment. Indications for treatment are given according to the experience gained from this study. The Author enumerates the surgical techniques he has found most suitable for the conservative treatment of these tumors when resection is indicated.

Bone Neoplasms↗

PubMed1978

Tracheobronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Clinicopathological features and results of treatment.

Mucoepidermoid carcinomas of the tracheobronchial tree are extremely uncommon and, as a result, opinions regarding their natural history are conflicting. In an effort to determine whether the tumors are aggressive or relatively benign, we have collected seven well-documented, previously unreported cases from among 4,250 primary pulmonary carcinomas and 116 bronchial adenomas. The two tracheal and five endobronchial lesions presented here include one high-grade and six low-grade tumors. Curative resections were performed, including segmental tracheal resections in two patients, lobectomy in three patients, and pneumonectomy in two patients, and the follow-up is complete to the time of this report. Long-term survivals ranging from 5 to 23 years, averaging 12.8 years, have been achieved in the six patients with a low-grade carcinoma. The one high-grade variant proved fatal within 28 months of diagnosis despite two surgical attempts at control and radiotherapy. It is concluded that these tumors exhibit a spectrum of virulence with low-grade lesions amenable to long-term surgical cure. The optimum treatment of high-grade lesions remains problematical.

Adolescent↗