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PubMed2002

Genetic and ecologic characteristics of Bartonella communities in rodents in southern China.

Ecologic and bacteriologic observations of small mammals captured in Yunnan Province in the People's Republic of China indicated that Bartonella infections occurred at a high prevalence among some rodent species. Sequence analyses of the citrate synthase genes of these Bartonella demonstrated that rodents in this region harbored a diverse assemblage of strains. The Bartonella isolates obtained from Apodemus, Eothenomys, and Rattus typically clustered separately by genus of rodent host. Cultures obtained from Rattus rats were genetically related to Bartonella elizabethae, a recognized human pathogen. The finding of Bartonella species in a high proportion of the rodent samples from Yunnan suggests the need to investigate whether these agents might be responsible for cases of febrile illnesses of unknown etiology in southern China and elsewhere in southeastern Asia.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Gnathostomiasis in wild boars from Japan.

Gnathostoma doloresi, a nematode parasite producing ulcerative and/or granulomatous lesions in the gastric wall of domestic pigs and wild boars (Sus scrofa leucomystax) throughout southeastern Asia, is an important zoonosis causing cutaneous larva migrans in humans. Patients infected with G. doloresi have been found yearly in the vicinity of Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. Adult nematodes were found in 31 of 32 wild boars captured at two different geographic locations in the prefecture, a location in the high mountains and one at sea level. The parasite-free animal had gastric lesions typical of a previous infection with this parasite. The nematode intensities were higher in wild boars caught in the mountains than those caught at near sea level. The extremely high prevalence of G. doloresi in wild boars indicates that the life cycle of this parasite is well established in this area of Japan.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The effects of climatic patterns and agricultural practices on the population dynamics of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Asia.

Annual population curves for C. tritaeniorhynchus are presented for representative localities distributed from Pakistan, east through Southeast Asia and the Philippines and north to Japan and Korea. In the dry temperature (Pakistan) and colder maritime climates (Japan and Korea). C. tritaeniorhynchus populations apparently overwintered as hibernating adults, while in the warmer maritime climates (Okinawa and Taiwan), gonotrophic activity and larval development continued throughout the winter months. In these climatic types, the population curves closely paralleled the annual temperature curves. In the tropical climates, however, temporal population patterns were closely related to available moisture either in the form of annual precipitation and/or rice irrigation. The extremely variable environmental conditions tolerated C. tritaeniorhynchus throughout its distribution attests to the physiological and ecological plasticity of this species and suggests that further ecological and genetic studies may reveal marked clinical variances among selected biological parameters.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2000

Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication--South-East Asia Region, 1998-1999.

In 1988, the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis by the end of 2000 (1). To achieve this goal, the 10 member countries of the World Health Organization (WHO) South-East Asia Region (SEAR) began implementing polio eradication strategies in 1994. In 1999, most polio cases worldwide were reported in SEAR (i.e., 48% of reported polio cases and 62% of cases with wild poliovirus isolation) (2,3). This report summarizes progress in achieving high routine and supplemental vaccination coverage, the surveillance of cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), and the impact of these activities on polio eradication in the region during 1998-1999.

Asia, Southeastern↗
PubMed1975

Today's scabies.

In the past several years there has been a noticeable increase of scabies in the United States; the magnitude of this is not known. An expanding epidemic continues in most parts of the world. Scabies is frequently seen in many guises that may be difficult to diagnose: scabies in the clean, scabies incognito, nodular scabies, animal-transmitted scabies, scabies in infants, scabies with syphillis, and Norwegian scabies. If the diagnosis cannot be confirmed by identifying the mite, synthesis of suggestive features may establish the diagnosis. Recently adopted children from foreign countries, especially southeastern Asia, have had a high frequency of scabies, which may appear after the children arrive in the United States. Acute glomerulonephritis may develop in patients whose scabetic lesions are complicated by a Virulent nephritogenic streptococcal strain.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication--South-East Asia, January 2000-June 2001.

Since the World Health Assembly resolved in 1988 to eradicate poliomyelitis globally, the estimated number of polio cases worldwide has declined 99%. During 1994, member countries of the South-East Asia Region (SEAR) of the World Health Organization (WHO) began accelerating efforts to eradicate polio. By 2000, wild poliovirus was detected in only four of the 10 countries: Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Myanmar. This report summarizes polio eradication activities during January 2000-June 2001 in SEAR, where wild poliovirus transmission has declined rapidly and is occurring primarily in northern India.

Asia, Southeastern↗
PubMed1985

Trends and patterns of internal migration in the Philippines, 1970-80.

Recent trends in internal migration in the Philippines are analyzed using data from the 1975 and 1980 censuses. The emphasis is on the volume and direction of regional migration streams. "The paper starts with the definitions of some migration-related terms. The second section discusses data and methodology. The third portion of the ensuing study deals with the trends and patterns of internal migration, while the last part is devoted to some considerations about population policies."

Asia↗