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Results for “Adolescent Behavior”

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PubMed2006

A brief screening measure of adolescent risk behavior.

This study examined the factor structure and reliability of a brief but comprehensive measure, the adolescent risk inventory (ARI), designed to assess adolescent risk behaviors and attitudes. Measures assessing demographics and risk behaviors were administered to 134 youth (ages 12-19) in psychiatric treatment. A confirmatory factor analysis of the four attitude scales (HIV Anxiety, HIV Prevention Self-Efficacy, General Distress, and General Risk) revealed excellent goodness of fit statistics. Exploratory factor analysis of the behavior items revealed three behavior factors (Sex Risk, Abuse/Self-Harm, and Acting Out). The preliminary analysis suggested that all subscales had reasonable internal consistency reliability and appeared to be independent measures, rather than part of a single unitary construct. Differences emerged based on gender, sexual activity status, and trauma history. Exploratory regression analyses revealed that, even when controlling for demographic factors and sex risk attitudes (e.g., HIV Prevention Self-Efficacy), Abuse/self-harm behaviors were highly significantly predictive of sex risk. These analyses suggest that the ARI can be useful in quickly identifying the broad range of risk behaviors found among adolescents with psychiatric disorders.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Age of attaining nocturnal bladder control and adolescent suicidal behavior.

BACKGROUND: Nocturnal enuresis and delayed attainment of nocturnal bladder control are associated with increased risk for psychopathology in children and adolescents. It has long been known that psychopathology is a major risk factor for youth suicide. However, no studies have examined the association between the age of attainment of nocturnal bladder control and adolescent suicidal behavior. METHODS: A community sample of 1920 adolescents aged 11-16 years from one prefecture of mainland China participated in the study. Parents completed a structured questionnaire including adolescents' developmental history, suicidal behavior, depressive symptoms, aggressive behavior, and family environment. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression models indicated that attaining nocturnal bladder control after 3 years was significantly associated with increased risk for adolescent suicidal behavior, after controlling for a number of child and family covariates. A dose-response relationship between the age of attaining nocturnal bladder control and suicidal behavior was observed (OR=2.1 for children attaining bladder control at 3-4 years and OR=3.6 for children attaining bladder control at 5 years or later). Mediating models indicated that depression and aggressive behavior mediated, at least in part, the effect of delayed nocturnal bladder control on suicidal behavior. LIMITATIONS: This is retrospective study. Suicidal behaviors were reported by parents. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed nocturnal bladder control may be an earlier neurodevelopmental predictor of youth suicidal behavior. Further research is suggested to explore earlier neurodevelopmental risk factors and potential mechanisms of youth suicidal behavior.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Continuity and change of self-reported problem behaviors from adolescence into young adulthood.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the 4-year course of behavioral and emotional problems from adolescence into young adulthood in a general population sample. METHOD: The population consisted of 364 individuals, aged 15 to 18 years at the beginning of the study. Subjects filled out the Youth Self-Report at the first time of assessment. At follow-up, 2 and 4 years later, subjects aged 19 or older completed the Young Adult Self-Report, which was derived from the Youth Self-Report. RESULTS: Almost 40% of the adolescents who were classified as deviant initially were still deviant 4 years later. There was no significant difference in the continuity of internalizing problems versus externalizing problems in this sample. CONCLUSIONS: All types of problems tended to persist to a similar degree. This holds also for problems that are often regarded as typical childhood problems, such as attention problems and hyperactivity. Because adolescent problems are likely to continue, we need more knowledge on the efficacy of interventions.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Diagnosis of childhood and adolescent suicidal behavior: unmet needs for suicide prevention.

This article highlights strategies for diagnosing risk for childhood and adolescent suicidal behavior. Empirical studies identifying risk factors for childhood and adolescent suicidal behavior guided recommendations for suicide risk assessment. Diagnostic assessment involves identification of multiple factors including demographic characteristics, suicidal behavior, psychopathology, interpersonal problems, family discord, family psychopathology, accessibility of lethal suicide methods, exposure to suicide, and protective factors. Interview methods and self-report questionnaires are reliable and valid in identifying suicidal risk but are limited by low base rates of suicide. Identification of risk factors as foci for intervention is important for suicide prevention.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Peer contagion of aggression and health risk behavior among adolescent males: an experimental investigation of effects on public conduct and private attitudes.

Peer contagion of adolescent males' aggressive/health risk behaviors was examined using a computerized "chat room" experimental paradigm. Forty-three 11th-grade White adolescents (16-17 years old) were led to believe that they were interacting with other students (i.e., "e-confederates"), who endorsed aggressive/health risk behaviors and whose ostensible peer status was experimentally manipulated. Adolescents displayed greater public conformity, more internalization of aggressive/health risk attitudes, and a higher frequency of actual exclusionary behavior when the e-confederates were high in peer status than low. Participants' level of social anxiety moderated peer contagion. Nonsocially anxious participants conformed only to high-status peers, whereas socially anxious participants were equally influenced by low- and high-status peers. The role of status-maintenance motivations in aggression and risk behavior, and implications for preventive intervention, are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

[Risk behavior in adolescence]

OBJECTIVE: The present article reviews the methods and criteria used to assess risk behavior in adolescents. METHODS: Non-systematic review of scientific literature, as well as the assessment of the clinical and research experience accumulated by the Adolescent Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. RESULTS: Physicians can apply a comprehensive healthcare model by using a psychosocial approach, trying to understand the influence the media exerts on adolescents, and trying to establish a confidentiality relationship with them. The major factors that should be evaluated regarding risk behavior among adolescents include clinical and nutritional aspects, as well as sexuality, violence, mental health and alcohol and drug use issues. CONCLUSIONS: Health care providers should use their sensitivity and expertise, in addition to establishing ethically clear approaches to evaluate risk factors. The authors suggest a route of investigation of risk behavior that should be used in routine consultation.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2004

Motorcycle helmet use and related risk behaviors among adolescents and young adults in Northern Thailand.

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of not wearing a helmet (unprotected) while riding a motorcycle and associated risk behaviors among adolescents and young adults in Northern Thailand. Participants were 1725 students, aged 15-21 years, from 3 vocational schools in Chiang Rai Province; 51.8% were male. Participants completed a classroom-based computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI). Of men 72.7% and of women 64.4% reported unprotected motorcycle riding 3 times or more in the past week. Logistic regression analysis showed the variables independently associated with unprotected riding to be history of ever riding after having had 3 or more alcoholic drinks (odds ratio (OR) = 2.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.76-2.21), attending technical school (OR = 2.09, 95% Cl = 1.55-2.83), living with the family (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.10-1.73), and having ever had a traffic accident (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.12-1.29). Being of hill tribe ethnicity (vs Thai lowlander) was associated with protected riding (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.20-0.90). Adolescents and young adults in Chiang Rai are at high risk for riding a motorcycle without a helmet buckled on the head. Public education in combination with enforcement of compulsory helmet use while riding a motorcycle is recommended.

Accident Prevention↗

PubMed2004

In the eye of the beholder: subjective and observer ratings of middle-class African American mother-adolescent interactions.

Middle-class African American mothers and adolescents (n=81) participated in a dyadic interaction task in early adolescence (M=13.06 years, SD=1.27) and then again 2 years later (M=15.01 years, SD=1.27). Following the task, mothers and adolescents rated their own and their partner's support and involvement in the task; observers rated videotaped interactions for the same dimensions. African American mothers perceived adolescents' behavior in the interactions more positively than did observers, and both mothers and observers viewed mothers' behavior as more positive than adolescents' behavior. With observers' ratings controlled, early adolescents' more negative perceptions of their mothers' interactions led to less trust and communication with mothers 2 years later, but subjective understanding did not influence later ratings of conflict intensity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

The contribution of parents and siblings to antisocial and depressive behavior in adolescents: a double jeopardy coercion model.

A dual coercion model of family processes associated with the development of antisocial and depressive behavior during adolescence was assessed, using an at-risk sample of families and children. Consistent with the model, involvement in family coercion during childhood and adolescence increased both boys' and girls' risk for antisocial behavior in adolescence and girls' risk for depressive behavior. Coercive family processes served as a link between older and younger siblings' antisocial behavior. Childhood exposure to maternal depression predicted boys' and girls' depressive behavior 10 years later, but this association was not mediated by coercion. The data suggest that family risk factors and processes for antisocial development are similar for boys and girls but pathways to depression may be gender specific.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Social contagion and adolescent sexual behavior: a developmental EMOSA model.

Epidemic Models of the Onset of Social Activities (EMOSA models) describe the spread of adolescent transition behaviors (e.g., sexuality, smoking, and drinking) through an interacting adolescent network. A theory of social contagion is defined to explain how social influence affects sexual development. Contacts within a network can, with some transition rate or probability, result in an increase in level of sexual experience. Five stages of sexual development are posited. One submodel proposes a systematic progression through these stages; a competing submodel treats each as an independent process. These models are represented in sets of dynamically interacting recursive equations, which are fit to empirical prevalence data to estimate parameters. Model adjustments are substantively interpretable and can be used to test for and better understand social interaction processes that affect adolescent sexual behavior.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Parents' monitoring-relevant knowledge and adolescents' delinquent behavior: evidence of correlated developmental changes and reciprocal influences.

Links between parental knowledge and adolescent delinquent behavior were tested for correlated rates of developmental change and reciprocal associations. For 4 years beginning at age 14, adolescents (N = 396) reported on their delinquent behavior and on their parents' knowledge of their whereabouts and activities. Parents completed measures of their adolescents' delinquent behavior. Knowledge was negatively correlated with delinquent behaviors at baseline, and increases over time in knowledge were negatively correlated with increases in parent-reported delinquent behavior. Reciprocal associations indicate that low levels of parental knowledge predict increases in delinquent behavior and that high levels of delinquent behavior predict decreases in knowledge. Discussion considers both youth-driven and parent-driven processes that may account for the correlated developmental changes and reciprocal associations.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Association of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone with externalizing behavior in adolescent boys and girls.

BACKGROUND: While an association between androgens and different types of aggression has been well documented in male offenders, the influence of androgens on externalizing behavior in adolescents at risk for antisocial behavior has not been investigated so far. METHODS: Plasma levels of the main androgen metabolites testosterone (T) and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were measured in N = 87 fourteen-year-old (36 boys, 51 girls) from a prospective longitudinal study of children at risk. Externalizing behavior at age 8, 11 and 14 was assessed using the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher Report Form (TRF). RESULTS: Significant higher androgen levels (T, DHT) were found in male, but not in female adolescents with elevated scores of externalizing behavior. Moreover, boys with persistent externalizing behavior exhibited the highest levels of plasma androgens. CONCLUSIONS: There is a link between T, DHT and externalizing behavior in male adolescents at risk for psychopathology. Due to the findings of highest androgen levels in boys with persistent externalizing behavior, a role of androgens in the development of disruptive or later antisocial disorders can be hypothesized.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Ethnic differences in adolescent smoking behaviors, sources of tobacco, knowledge and attitudes toward restriction policies.

The purpose of this study was to examine racial/ethnic differences in adolescent smoking behavior, sources of tobacco, knowledge of and attitudes toward youth tobacco restriction policies, and perceptions of tobacco availability by adolescents. The study is important as it will add to the growing body of literature regarding tobacco use by minors, and will help policymakers and public health professionals develop efficacious policies and interventions to prevent and reduce tobacco use among adolescents. Minors obtain tobacco from social and commercial sources. Previous studies have emphasized rural homogeneous populations and so the present study addresses the need to determine these sources of tobacco to youth in a large urban, heterogeneous population, such as Philadelphia. A stratified multistage purposive sampling procedure was used to ensure an ethnically/racially sample. A 68-item questionnaire was administered to 645 students in Grades 8-10 in five public and nonpublic funded schools in a culturally diverse part of Philadelphia. Correlations between selected independent variables and smoking behavior were determined. Results from this study indicate that rates of smoking are high among students, with 50% of students ever having smoked, 19% within the last month, 17% weekly, and 15% smoke daily. Further, there were differences in rates of smoking between ethnic/racial groups. Social sources were the most common sources of tobacco reported, with friends being the most frequent source. There were differences in social and commercial ever sources of cigarettes between ethnic/racial groups and in perceived school and parental sanctions for tobacco use. The results of this study suggest that more financial and educational resources should be committed to prevent and reduce smoking behaviors among adolescents. Educational prevention programs, especially parenting programs should be employed to reduce smoking.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Strength-based assessment of African-American adolescents with behavioral disorders.

The study examined consistencies and differences between 60 parents and their adolescent children with behavioral problems when rating the adolescents' strengths. The parents and teenagers agreed on most of the strength categories of the Behavior and Emotional Rating Scale. However, caretakers rated the adolescents as more involved in family life, while the adolescents rated themselves as more involved in school activities.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Parental underestimates of adolescent risk behavior: a randomized, controlled trial of a parental monitoring intervention.

OBJECTIVES: To develop and evaluate an intervention (ImPACT) seeking to increase monitoring (supervision and communication) by parents and guardians of African-American youth regarding high risk and protective behaviors; and to develop an instrument to assess parental monitoring, the Parent-Adolescent Risk Behavior Concordance Scale. DESIGN/INTERVENTION: This research was a randomized, controlled longitudinal study. Baseline (preintervention), and 2 and 6 months postintervention data were obtained via a talking MacIntosh computer regarding youth and parent perceptions of youth involvement in 10 risk behaviors, parental monitoring and youth-parent communication, and condom-use skills. Intervention parents and youth received the ImPACT program and a video emphasizing parental supervision and discussion, followed by a structured discussion and role-play emphasizing key points. Control parents and youth received an attention-control program on goal-setting, which also included an at-home video and discussion. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 237 parents and one each of their youth (ages 12-16 years) recruited from eight public housing developments located in a city in the mid-Atlantic region. RESULTS: Similarity of youth and parental reporting on the Parent-Adolescent Risk Behavior Concordance Scale was positively correlated with protective behaviors, perceived parental monitoring, and good parent-youth communication. At baseline, parents significantly underestimated their youth's risk behaviors. However, 2 and 6 months postintervention, the ImPACT program increased similarity of reports by youth and their parents of youth involvement in risk and protective behaviors. In addition, at 6 months postintervention, intervention (compared to control) youths and parents also demonstrated higher levels of condom-use skills. CONCLUSION: Parental monitoring interventions such as ImPACT should be given to parents in conjunction with more traditional youth-centered risk-reduction interventions.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Problem behavior of adolescents whose parents are living with AIDS.

Substance use, acts of sexual risk, conduct problems, and internalizing, externalizing, and somaticizing mental health symptoms were examined among 239 adolescent children and their parents living with AIDS in New York City. Consistent with theories regarding imitative behavior, stress, and anticipatory loss, adolescents' externalizing behavior problems and somatic symptoms were related to their parents' status.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed2007

Predictors of adolescent sexual behavior and intention: a theory-guided systematic review.

PURPOSE: To better understand why adolescents initiate sexual activity at early ages, we conducted a systematic literature review guided by eight key elements outlined in an integrative theoretical framework. METHODS: Using the matrix method for literature reviews, we extracted-from 69 published studies-statistically significant and nonsignificant findings (related to the attempted prediction/explanation of adolescents' sexual behavior and intention) and organized them using the various integrative model elements. We also assessed these publications' methodological quality including each study's deployment of theory, appropriate design, and data analytic/reporting techniques. RESULTS: Three integrative theoretical framework elements-intention, perceived norms, and an environmental constraint variable, time home alone-emerged as stable predictors of sexual behavior outcomes in this body of literature. This analysis revealed, however, a literature that has remained rather stagnant regarding its methodological quality, over time. CONCLUSIONS: Implications for adolescent sexual health promotion practice and research are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Adolescents with type 1 diabetes: family functioning and metabolic control.

Families play central roles in the care of their adolescents with chronic illnesses. This study examined the relationship between family functioning and metabolic control in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. The McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) measured family functioning; the Youth Self-Report Form (YSR) measured adolescent behavior. Older adolescents reported increased family dysfunction. Adolescents who reported family dysfunction on affective responsiveness had HbA(1c) levels greater than 9. Older adolescents, males, and adolescents who reported a greater number of behavior problems were significantly more likely to have HbA(1c) levels greater than 9. Considered together, older age and greater attention problems were most significantly associated with higher HbA(1c) levels. These findings suggest the importance of the relationship between the adolescent's perception of family functioning and metabolic control in the adolescents with Type 1 diabetes.

Adolescent↗