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Results for “Auditory Perceptual Disorders”

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PubMed2002

Selective deficit of auditory localisation in patients with visuospatial neglect.

Possible auditory deficits in neglect were examined by comparing the performance of four right brain-damaged (RBD) patients with left visuospatial neglect, versus four RBD patients without neglect, in three auditory tasks. The first task required speeded discrimination of sound elevation, by moving a central lever up or down according to the vertical position of a peripheral target sound, regardless of its side. The other two auditory tasks were non-spatial, requiring either speeded pitch discrimination (moving the central lever up for high pitch, down for low pitch) or speeded target detection. Neglect patients' performance was impaired with respect to RBD controls only when the auditory task required spatial coding of the target sound (the up/down spatial discrimination). This demonstrates a selective deficit of auditory space perception in neglect patients. This auditory spatial deficit was more pronounced for left than right sounds. Since auditory space perception was impaired in the vertical dimension, the observed deficit cannot be attributed to a systematic rightward shift in sound localisation. Instead, the results suggest increased spatial uncertainty in sound localisation by neglect patients, particularly for auditory targets on the contralesional side. These findings are related to multimodal coding of space in the parietal cortex, which was damaged in the neglect patients, but not in the RBD controls.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Preserved use of spatial cues for sound segregation in a case of spatial deafness.

Auditory spatial cues contribute to sound localisation and to sound object segregation. We have investigated these capacities in a patient (NM) who complained having difficulties to localise sounds in everyday life after a right temporo-parieto-frontal ischemic lesion. Two groups of tasks were used, in which spatial dimension was simulated by interaural time differences (ITD): (i) active localisation of stationary or moving sound targets, and (ii) sound segregation on the basis of spatial cues. This latter included a spatial release from masking paradigm and two ITD diotic tasks. NM failed to localise stationary and moving sounds: she perceived all the stimuli at the centre of the head, and could not differentiate stationary from moving targets. In contrast, NM was able to use ITD cues to segregate simultaneous sound sources in the spatial-release-from-masking paradigm and in ITD diotic tasks.These results suggest that sound localisation and sound object segregation based on spatial cues do not rely on the same mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Auditory inattention in right-hemisphere-damaged patients with and without visual neglect.

Fifteen right-hemisphere-damaged patients, eight with- and seven without visual neglect (N+ and N-, respectively), were assessed for the presence of auditory neglect using free-field bilateral simultaneous stimulation (BSS) and pseudorandom unilateral stimulation. Eight healthy subjects served as controls. Both N+ and N- groups extinguished left-sided sound stimuli in the BSS condition. N+ (but not N-) patients showed a right-side advantage in sound localization and were inferior, compared to normal individuals, in their ability to localize unilaterally administered sounds on the left side. Blindfolding significantly improved the localization performance. In a task demanding stimulus identification, both N+ and N- groups performed abnormally when auditory stimuli came from the left. Free-field stimulation is thus an adequate technique for the detection of auditory neglect. The results are consistent with the notion that left-sided neglect reflects a pathologically exaggerated attentional bias towards the right in normal individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The fragile nature of the speech-perception deficit in dyslexia: natural vs synthetic speech.

A number of studies reported that developmental dyslexics are impaired in speech perception, especially for speech signals consisting of rapid auditory transitions. These studies mostly made use of a categorical-perception task with synthetic-speech samples. In this study, we show that deficits in the perception of synthetic speech do not generalise to the perception of more naturally sounding speech, even if the same experimental paradigm is used. This contrasts with the assumption that dyslexics are impaired in the perception of rapid auditory transitions.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗
PubMed2004

Crossed Wernicke's aphasia: a case report.

Crossed aphasia is a phenomenon in which an individual sustains a lesion in the right hemisphere (typically non-language dominant), but who exhibits an aphasic syndrome. The authors present a case study of an individual with crossed aphasia (CA) in an attempt to provide anecdotal information for four questions posed by : (a). Is CA a reversal of the normal cerebral hemisphere pattern of language function? (b). Does the presence of aphasia following a right cerebral hemisphere lesion indicate that typical right hemisphere functions (e.g., visual perception) are intact? (c). How may the aphasia's presentation differ from typical left hemisphere aphasias? And (d). is the pattern of improvement following CA similar to that of typical left hemisphere aphasias? We longitudinally examined the communicative-cognitive performance of an adult man with crossed aphasia of the Wernicke's type following a cerebrovascular accident. A 21-week follow-up evaluation indicated improvements in his language functioning from our initial evaluation, but he continued to exhibit a classic, moderately severe Wernicke's aphasia.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Spared access to idiomatic and literal meanings: a single-case approach.

The current study examines how patients with aphasia access the meanings of idioms during spoken sentence comprehension. In our experiment, we had 4 subjects whose native language is German: 2 left-hemisphere damaged patients (Wernicke's and global aphasia); 1 right-hemisphere damaged patient; and 1 age-matched healthy speaker. Ambiguous two-element German noun compounds carrying an idiomatic as well as a literal meaning served as target words. While listening to contextually biasing sentences containing the target words, the subjects performed a lexical decision task at the offset of each compound. All the subjects, including the aphasic patients, accessed the compounds' literal and idiomatic meanings simultaneously despite the existence of contextually biasing sentences. The data are discussed by taking account of the findings of recent studies of lexical semantic processing in aphasia.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Idiom comprehension in aphasic patients.

Idiom comprehension was assessed in 10 aphasic patients with semantic deficits by means of a string-to-picture matching task. Patients were also submitted to an oral explanation of the same idioms, and to a word comprehension task. The stimuli of this last task were the words following the verb in the idioms. Idiom comprehension was severely impaired, with a bias toward the literal interpretation. Very few errors were produced with words, making impossible to establish a correlation between comprehension of idioms and of individual words. The difficulties in idiom comprehension seemed to be due to the fact that patients rely on a literal-first strategy, accessing a figurative interpretation only when the linguistic analysis fails to yield acceptable results.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Auditory comprehension: is multiple choice really good enough?

Auditory comprehension is commonly measured with multiple choice tasks. The sensitivity of these tasks in identifying deficits, however, is limited by credit given for correct guesses by forced choice. In this study, we compare performance on the multiple choice task to an alternative word/picture verification task, in 122 subjects with acute left hemisphere stroke. As predicted, word/picture verification identifies significantly more subjects with deficits in auditory comprehension. Furthermore, the pattern of errors in the two tasks is consistent with a current distributed model of semantic memory, and inconsistent with alternative local models.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Speech perception deficit in dyslexic adults as measured by mismatch negativity (MMN).

Deficits in phonological processing are known to play a major role in the aetiology of dyslexia, and speech perception is a prerequisite condition for phonological processing. Significant group differences between dyslexics and controls have been found in the categorical perception of synthetic speech stimuli. In a previous work, we have demonstrated that these group differences are already present at an early pre-attentive stage of signal processing in dyslexic children: the late component of the MMN elicited by passive speech perception was attenuated in comparison to a control group. In this study, 12 dyslexic adults and 13 controls were assessed using a passive oddball paradigm. Mismatch negativity (MMN) was determined for both tone and speech stimuli. The tone stimuli yielded two MMN components, but no group differences. Three components were found for the speech stimuli. Multivariate testing for group differences yielded a significant result, and univariate P values revealed significant differences between dyslexics and controls in two of the three time windows. This suggests that speech perception as measured on an early, pre-attentive level plays a major role in dyslexia not only in children (as shown in our previous study) but also in adults.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Are text and tune of familiar songs separable by brain damage?

The recognition of text and tune in songs was examined in a music-agnosic patient and five matched controls. Listeners had to focus on one component of the song at a time (text or music) and had to decide whether the component was familiar or unfamiliar. Songs were either matched (i.e., an original familiar or an original unfamiliar song) or mismatched (a combination of a familiar component with an unfamiliar one). Normal listeners displayed response patterns that are congruent with those obtained previously in different experimental settings and which showed that text and tune are difficult to separate. Data collected in the patient, however, suggest some independence between text and music in songs. Moreover, the usual asymmetry in favor of text was much reduced when later verses were used. Overall, the results are interpreted as revealing strong association, not integration, between the musical and the verbal component of familiar songs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Information processing speed deficits may be better correlated with the extent of white matter sclerotic lesions in multiple sclerosis than previously suspected.

Despite frequent use of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT; Gronwall, 1977) for examining information processing speed (IPS) deficits in multiple sclerosis (MS), prior literature on the relationship between PASAT performance and severity of brain disease has been contradictory. In the present study, we found that PASAT performance is moderately well correlated with the total area of sclerotic brain lesions in MS patients only if a modified scoring method (mean "dyad" score; Snyder et al., 1993), but not the standard scoring method, is applied. We conclude that the PASAT remains a useful measure of IPS in MS, if a flaw in the typical scoring technique for this test is corrected. In our sample of 41 MS patients, for every one point decrease in mean dyad score, total lesion area increased by 364.08 mm2 on average, after controlling for age, sex, and education. IPS deficits are more severe for patients with greater brain disease, due to increased disruption of the white matter pathways that likely support the parallel distributed processing of complex information by geographically distant brain regions.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Impaired processing of prosodic and musical patterns after right hemisphere damage.

The distinction between the processing of musical information and segmental speech information (i.e., consonants and vowels) has been much explored. In contrast, the relationship between the processing of music and prosodic speech information (e.g., intonation) has been largely ignored. We report an assessment of prosodic perception for an amateur musician, KB, who became amusic following a right-hemisphere stroke. Relative to matched controls, KB's segmental speech perception was preserved. However, KB was unable to discriminate pitch or rhythm patterns in linguistic or musical stimuli. He was also impaired on prosodic perception tasks (e.g., discriminating statements from questions). Results are discussed in terms of common neural mechanisms that may underlie the processing of some aspects of both music and speech prosody.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Crossmodal temporal processing acuity impairment aggravates with age in developmental dyslexia.

Temporal processing has been found to be impaired in developmental dyslexia. We investigated how aging affects crossmodal temporal processing impairment with 39 dyslexic and 40 fluent 20-59-year-old readers. Cognitive temporal acuity was measured at millisecond levels in six tasks. They consisted of order judgments of two brief non-speech stimulus pulses, the stimuli being audiotactile, visuotactile and audiovisual, and of simultaneity/nonsimultaneity detection of the pulses in two parallel three-pulse trains. Temporal acuity declined with age in both reading groups and its impairment was observed in developmental dyslexia. A new finding was that the crossmodal temporal impairment, directly relevant to reading, increased with age. The age-related exacerbation suggests a developmental neuronal deficit, possibly related to magnocells, which exists before dyslexia and is its ontogenetic cause.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1998

Brain potentials in patients with music perception deficits: evidence for an early locus.

Twelve patients with an acute cerebrovascular accident were assigned to a group with music perception deficits (amusia, n = 6) or a group without such deficits (n = 6) on the basis of a new test-battery for music-perception skills. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded in an auditory classification task designed to elicit several components; the N1 as a correlate of initial auditory cortical processing, the P3a as an index of automatic attentional orienting, and the P3b as a measure for controlled stimulus evaluation. Patients with amusia showed a significant amplitude decrement for the P3a relative to controls and patients without amusia suggesting an impairment of early stimulus evaluation. P3b was reduced in both patient groups relative to control. These data show that amusia is quite common in unselected stroke patients and suggest deficits of generic rather than music-specific cognitive processes as the underlying cause.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1991

A case of pure word deafness associated with Landau-Kleffner syndrome: a long-term study of auditory disturbance.

A long-term study of auditory disturbance of a female case who had suffered from pure word deafness associated with Landau-Kleffner syndrome was reported. The patient developed this syndrome at age 4, and we continued the follow-up until she reached 20. The following became clear after the investigation: (1) even by the age of 20 her auditory defect had not improved significantly; (2) from an early stage she could not identify either vowels or consonant-vowel syllables; (3) later she had no difficulty identifying vowels, but her consonant-discrimination score hardly improved; and (4) her problem in consonant identification was unique in that she could discriminate between the voiced and voiceless group but had great difficulty identifying the consonants within each group. These findings led to the conclusion that the patient is unable to recognize short time duration consonants due to an insensibility to loudness and a defect in temporal resolution.

Agnosia↗
PubMed2000

Temporal lobe epilepsy with sensory aura: interictal glucose hypometabolism.

Patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) exhibit marked depressions of the regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCMRGlu) in the mesiotemporal region. We hypothesised that patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who have a bilateral somatosensory or acoustic ( = temporolateral/SII-) aura can be differentiated from mTLE by rCMRGlu depressions primarily involving temporo-perisylvian locations. We therefore used this ictal semiology as a clinical criterion to define a subgroup of such patients and measured the rCMRGlu in 16 patients with TLE as evident from interictal and ictal EEG-video monitoring. Clinically, they presented with medically refractory complex partial seizures and were subjected to presurgical evaluation. The pattern of the interictal rCMRGlu in the TLE patients was different from that observed in patients with mTLE and showed significant depressions ipsilateral to the epileptic focus in mesial temporal and lateral temporal regions but spared the thalamus. The neocortical metabolic depressions were spatially more extended in right than in left TLE patients. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) were either normal (n = 5) or revealed unilateral or bilateral hippocampal atrophy/sclerosis (n = 7), or temporal or extratemporal focal cortical dysplasia (n = 4). The selected TLE patients presented here comprise a heterogeneous group showing most pronounced metabolic depressions in the lateral temporal cortex. Thus, our data suggest that non-invasive metabolic imaging can assist in identifying the neocortical symptomatogenic zone in putative temporo-perisylvian lobe epilepsy.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2003

Audio-visual integration in schizophrenia.

Integration of information provided simultaneously by audition and vision was studied in a group of 18 schizophrenic patients. They were compared to a control group, consisting of 12 normal adults of comparable age and education. By administering two tasks, each focusing on one aspect of audio-visual integration, the study could differentiate between a spatial integration deficit and a speech-based integration deficit. Experiment 1 studied audio-visual interactions in the spatial localisation of sounds. Experiment 2 investigated integration of auditory and visual speech. The schizophrenic group performed as the control group on the sound localisation task, but in the audio-visual speech task, there was an impairment in lipreading as well as a smaller impact of lipreading on auditory speech information. Combined with findings about functional and neuro-anatomical specificity of intersensory integration, the data suggest that there is an integration deficit in the schizophrenic group that is related to the processing of phonetic information.

Adult↗