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PubMedDate not supplied

[Fitness for drivers].

Driving vehicles for transportation of people and/or goods is a high responsibility job, that exposes to several occupational risks (psychophysical tiring; health damages by weight lifting, noise, vibrations and shakings; toxic and irritative effects by atmospheric pollutants). The Italian legislation defines the minimal psychophysical requirements for the driving licence, that is indispensable to be employed. The occupational physician should then provide the sanitary surveillance and cooperate to training and education.

Automobile Driver Examination↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Methods of preliminary evaluation of psychophysical skills of drivers].

Drug and medication use-associated impairment of driving skills is increasingly becoming a serious problem. Detecting such DUI drivers is very difficult due to the diversity of drugs that affect the central nervous system (CNS), or to the possibility of using several drugs simultaneously. In practice there are numerous different simple tests, which do not require special equipment and can be used for preliminary detection of persons, who are suspected of taking drugs causing impairment of driving skills. In order to popularize the knowledge on the subject of testing drivers for drug use, the authors review the most commonly used methods of driving skill impairment evaluation reported in the literature, and present the scope of employing such tests in various countries.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1990

[Catamnesis of psychiatrically evaluated automobile drivers].

The present catamnestic study covers 100 petitioners, who either applied for the first time for a driving licence or for readmission to traffic after confiscation of their license by the police. 99 of them were former inpatients or still inpatients at the time of judgement. For all of them, the decision of the police depended upon our expertise. For the judgement we considered our psychiatric investigation, the clinical report and the police traffic record. Normally, our mode of admission was quite generous. The duration of catamnesis lasted at least two years. Our of the 100 petitioners, 88 were considered to be fit for driving; 67 unconditionally and 21 under the condition of regular survey or treatment. Subsequently seven of the petitioners showed a poor probation, i.e. their licenses were taken away by the police, one due to a severe and two due to minor accidents. Nobody was injured. In comparison to the experience of other authors about probation in traffic of former psychiatric inpatients, we think we can report a favourable result. A rather generous mode of admission to traffic seems to be justified in these patients.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1992

Public safety: Virginia's impaired drivers.

Through its licensing procedure, the Department of Motor Vehicles plays a key role in the preservation of personal and public safety. Restriction of license to drive is limited to that necessary to assure this safety. Most people can drive safely and should be allowed to do so. Constant vigilance and the cooperation of physicians, family, police, and other drivers is needed to identify those persons whose ability to drive is questionable for medical reasons. Each case receives individual consideration by the Board. Adequate medical information is critical to the decision. The DMV's Medical Control Unit is available by telephone at 804-367-6639 or by mail at PO Box 27412, Richmond VA 23269-0001.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Bioptic telescopic spectacles for motor vehicle driving.

Attaining independent daily living skills is the primary functional goal of low vision rehabilitation. One of the most important of these skills is the ability of the low vision patient to achieve independent travel. In many geographical areas, automobile driving is the only available means of transportation. The utilization of a bioptic telescopic spectacle (BTS) provides a mechanism for some visually impaired individuals to qualify for a driver's license. However, the use of bioptic telescopic spectacles for driving is an extremely complex and controversial issue. An overview of the current status of the driving laws in various states, the accident rates of bioptic telescopic drivers, and various alternative proposals for motor vehicle licensure for the visually handicapped will be discussed.

Automobile Driver Examination↗
PubMed1991

Driving and dementia.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Special correspondence: vision standards.

Physicians and ophthalmologists must know the vision standards for driving motor vehicles, as they are requested by patients to complete the necessary forms to obtain a restricted license. Physicians also should know why some standards are not in the best interests of their patients.

Automobile Driver Examination↗
PubMed1991

Homonymous hemianopic field defects and driving in Canada.

Significant functional impairment due to loss of visual field may seriously compromise the safe operation of a motor vehicle. The variable degree of recovery from homonymous hemianopic field defects and the lack of standardized provincial licensing guidelines on visual field defects further compound the difficulty in managing such patients. We reviewed the records of 60 patients with homonymous hemianopic field defects who were followed for an average of 27 months. The ability of the patients to meet the current provincial licensing standards was evaluated on presentation and over the follow-up period. On presentation 34 patients (57%) did not meet the minimum field requirements for an unrestricted license in any province or territory. At the most recent follow-up visit 20 patients (33%) had functional improvement, as measured by their ability to meet the requirements of more regions than they could initially. Four patients (7%) became functionally worse. Patients with homonymous hemianopic field defects should be followed for at least 2 years. The physician should inform the patient that a significant visual disability exists and advise him or her to cease driving when minimum standards are not met.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Driving fitness of female headache patients in tests of traffic medicine--a psychotechnical investigation].

To detect differences in psychophysical performance during pain attacks and pain-free intervals, 30 female patients aged 21 to 58 years and suffering from attacks of headache were investigated intraindividually by means of established test methods (attention quotient according to Grüner, motorial accomplishment series according to Schoppe and achievement testing device). The patients were randomized and assigned either to Group A (first test while having pain) or Group B (first test without pain). The patients were also asked to assess the intensity of their headaches. The hypothesis that "headaches do not impair psychophysical performance" was refuted by the significant results obtained in all tests, the observed deficits concerned predominantly achievements in the field of concentration, achievements which are also required for operating a motor vehicle.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Driver's license and driving fitness after introduction of driver's permit on probation. Considerations and arguments in traffic psychology].

The discussion on topics like post-schooling and rehabilitation of motorists has intensified the contacts between advocates of traffic law and traffic psychologists in the last years. Since the driver's licence on probation has been introduced, the points of contact between driving licence law and theory of driver's qualification have become more distinctly visible. In the legal institution of driver's licence on probation the driving licence law relies on the changeability of the driving beginner by means of post-schooling. This continues the development of the legal aim of improvement besides the prevention. The concept of "changeability" has entered into the expert opinion on driver's qualification since the middle of the 1970's and it has been tested in the psychological rehabilitation of motorists. It is widely realized, that the inherited idea of 'character' is not useful for a flexible guaranty of traffic safety by an administrative authority. The driving qualification rather has to be seen as a biographical quantity. Motorists are submitted to a change of experience. Among conspicuous drivers the risk of a renewed conspicuousness is in the centre of view. There are possibilities of influence on this risk with some measures. The author shows the basis and the consequences of this concept of a biographical qualification. It bases on the concept of a driver, who is able to learn and is self-responsible and who needs specific back-channel informations. But the author also shows the limits of changeability of a motor-driver.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Empirical studies on the performance of elderly automobile drivers].

Before the year 2000 the number of elderly drivers (65 years and older) in the Federal Republic of Germany will probably double. Concerns about traffic safety predominate-under the broadly accepted assumption that the elderly drive less cautiously. The most important results of driving tests of elderly drivers (and a comparison group of middle-aged) and their relation to performance measures are presented. The results show that the elderly drivers performed worse in laboratory tests, but in driving tests (in a significant number of different traffic situations) they did not differ unfavourably from the middle-aged drivers.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1989

Determining medical fitness to drive: physicians' responsibilities in Canada.

Current legislation indicates that physicians in Canada have a legal responsibility to know which medical conditions may impede driving ability, to detect these conditions in their patients and to discuss with their patients the implications of these conditions. The requirements to report unfit drivers vary among the provinces, and the interpretations of the law vary among the courts; therefore, physicians' risks of liability are unclear. Physicians may be sued by their patients if they fail to counsel the patients on the dangers of driving associated with certain medications or medical conditions. Physicians may also face legal action by victims of motor vehicle accidents caused by their patients if the court decides that the physicians could have foreseen the danger of their patients' continuing to drive. Physicians' legal responsibilities to report patients with certain medical conditions override their ethical responsibilities to keep patients' medical histories confidential.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1987

[Fitness for automobile driving of physically handicapped patients].

Some 30.5 million Germans hold a driving license. For the person with a physical handicap, too, active traffic participation is of special importance, in that it constitutes an essential link in his rehabilitation. Road traffic authorities, in view of traffic safety, are held to consider both, the handicapped individual's interest in obtaining a license and society's claim to safety. Numerous studies have established the fact that disabled drivers, in particular those with impairment of the limbs, are neither more accident-prone nor otherwise more conspicious in road traffic than the non-disabled. The view that the driver with a physical disability poses particular risks, has been invalidated by extensive factual data and thorough literature review. Diseases of major relevance for driving ability are touched on, the range of adaptive equipment is exemplified. Physicians in accident surgery primarily have to deal with trauma to the spinal cord and limbs. The majority of these conditions permit good compensation by technical devices, enabling safe driving of a private car. Awareness of legal/administrative aspects of licensing, as well as of the adaptive potential of technical aids are of great importance to both physician and client.

Accidents, Traffic↗