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PubMed1976

Cardiac typing and the diagnostic challenge of the preinfarction state by direct body ballistocardiography.

The proposed sensitivity of the DB-Bcg enables its gradation into four types-two normal, two abnormal. Their response to exercise shows specificity-amplified in the former, decreased in the latter. Illustrative material reveals deterioration of DB-Bcg forms with the earliest signs of cardiac symptomatology and is correlated with arteriographic evidence of coronary disease. This could not be corroborated either by the ECG, even post exercise, or changes in the PEP/LVET ratio. Improvement of the DB-Bcg following bed rest and/or therapy and by-pass grafting have been observed. Early application of the DB-Bcg, particularly in the young individual, may help meet the challenge of cardiac mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

A simple ballistocardiographic system for a medical cardiovascular physiology course.

Ballistocardiography is an old, noninvasive technique used to record the movements of the body synchronous with the heartbeat due to left ventricular pump activity. Despite the fact that this technique to measure cardiac output has been superseded by more advanced and precise techniques, it is useful for teaching cardiac cycle physiology in an undergraduate practical course because of its noninvasive application in humans, clear physiological and physiopathological analysis, and practical approach to considering cardiac output issues. In the present report, a simple, low cost, easy-to-build ballistocardiography system is implemented together with a theoretical and practical session that includes Newton's laws, cardiac output, cardiac pump activity, anatomy and physiology of the vessel circulation, vectorial composition, and signal transduction, which makes cardiovascular physiology easy to understand and focuses on the study of cardiac output otherwise seen only with the help of computer simulation or echocardiography. The proposed system is able to record body displacement or force as ballistocardiography traces and its changes caused by different physiological factors. The ballistocardiography session was included in our medical physiology course six years ago with very high acceptance and approval rates from the students.

Ballistocardiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparisons between invasive and noninvasive determinations of embryonic heart rate in chickens.

The embryonic heart rate (HR) of chicken eggs was determined by ballistocardiography, electrocardiography, impedance-cardiography and acoustocardiography. The effects of these different methods on the HR were examined for young (12-day-old) and late (16- and 18-day-old) embryos. Ballistocardiography is a non-invasive method. Nevertheless, the mean HRs determined using this method at 5-hr intervals were significantly different in many embryos. This difference was caused by the natural variability of embryonic HR. The statistical analyses indicated that any of these four methods did not influence the HR measurement and can be used as a simple means for determination of the embryonic HR.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1999

Design and testing of a 6-component ballistocardiographic bed.

Ballistocardiography is a non-invasive technique for the assessment of the cardiac function. It consists in studying the resultant forces generated by the blood mass flowing in the cardio-circulatory system while the subject lies on an instrumented bed. In the past, ballistocardiography was in large part limited by the signal processing and data acquisition capabilities. Technology improvements have countered these limitations. Previous studies by the authors using a regular size force plate have shown the capability of detecting cardiac activity in the human body. However, many patients with severe disorders cannot stand on a force plate for the duration required to acquire adequate data. Thus, a force plate, which performs as a ballistocardiographic bed, would allow patients to lie down in a stable position while body tremor data are acquired. To evaluate this idea, a highly sensitive ballistocardiographic bed was built using strain gage technology. Then, using high-resolution data acquisition software, the sensitivity of the instrument and the capability to obtain ballistocardiographic data were tested. Future developments include the analysis of ballistocardiographic data obtained from the bed to search their possible relation with cardio-circulatory and neurologic pathologies.

Ballistocardiography↗
PubMed1954

Clinical experience with the portable electromagnetic ballistocardiograph.

The purpose of ballistocardiography is to obtain a rough objective measurement of the strength of the heart beat. Recordings have been made with a portable electromagnetic instrument on 225 persons, some normal, others with many kinds of cardiovascular disease, to determine the usefulness of the ballistocardiograph. Tracings were made at certain stages of respiration at rest and after exercise. The ballistocardiograph can in some cases be the principal diagnostic instrument in distinguishing cardiac from extracardiac disease, in the early detection of coronary artery disease, and in the diagnosis of myocarditis. It also may aid in the diagnosis of high output failure, pericardial effusion, nicotine sensitivity and coarctation or other occlusive disease of the aorta.

Aorta↗
PubMed1991

Cardiogenic ballistograms of chicken eggs: comparison of measurements.

In the incubated avian egg, minute movements occur that are synchronised with embryonic cardiac contractions. We previously developed two systems to noninvasively record this cardiogenic ballistic movement of the egg (referred to as the ballistocardiogram, BCG); one was based on applying an audiocartridge and the other a laser speckle phenomenon. A third system, which detects the ballistic movement as the measurement of displacement (referred to as displacement BCG), is applied in the present study, together with the previous two systems, to the ballistocardiography of the egg. The BCG is measured with three systems simultaneously for comparison. The differentiation of the displacement BCG produces a pattern identical to the BCG recorded by the cartridge method, and the integrated pattern of the latter BCG is identical to the displacement BCG. This indicates that the cartridge system detects the cardiogenic movement as the measure of velocity and it may be referred to as velocity BCG. The BCG by the laser speckle method is not related to that recorded by the other two systems, which may be referred to as movement BCG.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A simple ballistocardiographic measure (IJ/HI amplitude ratio) in relation to electrocardiographic evidence of ischaemic heart disease.

A series of eighteen monozygotic and thirteen dizygotic twin pairs originally selected in 19=7--1968 because of the presence of symptoms of ischemic heart disease in at least one of the pair members was subjected to after examination including ultra-low frequency ballistocardiography. The ratio between IJ and HI amplitudes in the ballistocardiogram was used as an index of myocardial mechanical function. The IJ/HI ratio had a repeatability coefficient of 0.82 before and/or after psychiatric interview. The mean ratio did not change significantly after psychiatric interview. The measure was demonstrated to be independent of height, weight, age, heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure and negatively correlated with a measure of somatic anxiety. The ratio was highly significantly correlated with electrocardiographic evidence of ischemic heart disease. The IJ/HI ratio showed a better discrimination than qualitative readings according to Starr and furthermore has the advantage of providing a continuous measure. The ratio seemed to be more influenced by the functional state of the myocardium than by genetic factors.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Ballistocardiographic changes after carbon dioxide baths.

Ballistocardiography was used for following up the changes in cardiovascular dynamics in 2 groups of patients suffering from hypertensive disease stage II. In a group of hypertensive patients who took CO2 baths for 28 days, or improvement of the pathologically altered Bcg showed with a simultaneous decrease in blood pressure and pulse rate for a better dynamics of the cardiac function. In the group of hypertensive patients taking isothermic tap-water baths under identical conditions, the same trend in the Bcg changes was found, but these changes were not statistically significant.

Ballistocardiography↗
PubMed2002

[Experience in application of modified ballistic cardiography in assessment of contractile myocardial function in patients with coronary atherosclerosis].

Complex examination of myocardial contractility (MC) including modified (vertical) ballistocardiography (MBCG) covered 109 patients with coronary atherosclerosis. The MBCG registers early MC defects typical for patients with coronary atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease. It is highly sensitive. Algorithms for diagnosis of the above defects have been developed. MBCG can be widely used in practical cardiology as a highly informative method for MC evaluation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ballistocardiographic studies during the 4th expedition on the Saliut-6 orbital station].

This paper presents ballistocardiographic examinations of the Salyut-6 fourth expedition crew members who showed variations in both the shape and the amplitude of ballistocardiographic complexes. Ballistocardiograms (BCG) were recorded by means of a piezoelectric sensor with a sensitivity of 3 mV/cm x s-2. The sensor weight was 30 g. The sensor was attached to the upper part of the iliac bone, near the body mass center. During ballistocardiography the ballistic forces in the head-to-feet direction were recorded. The examinations were performed preflight and on mission days 46, 71, 98, 133, and 175. Hemodynamic specificities of the right and left heart were determined with the aid of the breath holding test. Measurements of BCG amplitudes were used to determine the kinetic effect of heart rate. The largest amplitude of BCG waves was seen on mission day 133. At this time period the systolic wave amplitude decreased during inhalation holding.

Ballistocardiography↗
PubMed1977

[Effect of various anti-arrhythmia agents on phase structure of cardiac cycle and ballistocardiograph].

A comparative assessment is presented for the effect of Obsiden, Isoptine, Novocainamide, or Chinidin on the phase structure of the cardiac cycle and on the ballistocardiogramme in 125 patients with arrhythmias of varying forms and genesis. A combined employment of Obsidan or Novocainamide with cardiac glycosides was associated with a worsening of the phase structure of the cardiac cycle; with a similar therapy with Isoptine the poly- and ballistocardiographic data improved significantly. The administration of Isoptine without cardiac glycosides resulted in a distinct impairment of these parameters, although prior to the administration of the drug these patients had no circulatory insufficiency. The observed negative effect of Chinidin upon the indices of poly- and ballistocardiography was substantial following preceeding therapy with Isoptine, and less distinct--following Obsiden treatment.

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents↗