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At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Neuroprotective efficacy of pharmacological pretreatment and antidotal treatment in tabun-poisoned rats.

To study the influence of pharmacological pretreatment (PANPAL) and antidotal treatment (obidoxime plus atropine) on tabun-induced neurotoxicity, male albino rats were poisoned with a lethal dose of tabun (280 microg/kg i.m.; 100% of LD(50) value) and observed at 24 h and 7 days following tabun challenge. The neurotoxicity of tabun was evaluated using a functional observational battery (FOB) and an automatic measurement of motor activity. Pharmacological pretreatment as well as antidotal treatment were able to eliminate most of tabun-induced neurotoxic effects observed at 24 h following tabun poisoning. However, there was not significant difference between the efficacy of PANPAL and antidotal treatment to eliminate tabun-induced neurotoxicity in rats. The combination of PANPAL pretreatment and antidotal treatment seems to be slightly more effective in the elimination of tabun-induced neurotoxicity in rats at 24 h following tabun challenge in comparison with the administration of PANPAL pretreatment or antidotal treatment alone. At 7 days following tabun poisoning, very few neurotoxic signs in tabun-poisoned rats were observed regardless of administration of pharmacological pretreatment or antidotal treatment. Thus, our findings confirm that the combination of pharmacological pretreatment and antidotal treatment is not only able to protect the experimental animals from the lethal effects of tabun but also to eliminate most of tabun-induced signs of neurotoxicity in tabun-poisoned rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of combined toxic effects of GB/GF and efficacy of jielin injection against combined poisoning in mice.

A computer program (Q-test) was used to evaluate the combined toxic effects of nerve agent GF and its combined form with sarin (GB/GF) in mice. Efficacy of Jielin Injection, the 2-PAM-containing antidote used successfully in China for the treatment of organophosphate pesticide poisoning, was also evaluated and compared with HI-6 against single and combined poisonings. The two agents were basically additive in toxicity when combined. However, toxic signs (convulsions) appeared later in combined poisoning than after exposure to each agent alone. The protective ratio of Jielin Injection against GF poisoning was low but significantly higher when against poisoning by GB or combined agent. When HI-6 was substituted for 2-PAM, the antidote was more effective against poisoning by both single and combined agents. Results of in vitro reactivation of GF-inhibited human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase by these oximes agreed with the in vivo antidotal efficacy.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Meprobamate overdosage: a continuing problem.

Meprobamate was implicated in 50 (6.5%) of 773 admissions to Massachusetts General Hospital due to psychotropic drug overdosage between 1962 and 1975. Estimated doses ingested reached as high as 40 gm. Serious intoxication was common. In 25 cases deep coma (grade 3 or 4) was reached; 23 patients became hypotensive, and 16 required assisted ventilation. Two patients died, one of whom ingested an estimated 12 to 20 gm of meprobamate apparently with no other drugs. The findings indicate that overdosage with meprobamate, even when taken alone, produces intoxication that is often serious and sometimes fatal. Although meprobamate is a relatively inexpensive anti-anxiety agent, its questionable efficacy and the potential for life-threatening intoxication are important drawbacks to the clinical use of this drug.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pharmakologic analysis of the interrelationship between long-term and short-term memory in dogs with systems of conditioned reflexes].

It has been shown in experiments on dogs with elaborated integrated systems of conditioned reflexes (by Kupalov method) and choice reactions (by Hunter method); that the physiological mechanisms of short-term and long-term memory are not strictly isolated; they include some common biochemical structures and are interrelated. The action of amizyl or armin on the cholinoreceptors disturbs the short-term memory and some elements of the long-term conditioned memory: the duration of retention of traces from conditioned and unconditioned alimentary stimuli is reduced; regulation of the course of stabilized conditioned stereotypes is disturbed; differentiation and use of previous experience (extraction of data from long-term memory) are impeded.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Duration of unilaterally organized trace excitation following administration of sedative and stimulating substances].

In experiments on dogs with symmetrical parts of the tongue brought out by Abuladze method, a study was made of the duration of trace excitation after administration of drugs of a sedative (bromine, amizyl) and stimulating (caffeine, ezerine) effect. It has been found that with changes of symmetrically organized reflexes during the action of the sedative drugs the duration of trace excitation is halved or reduced to a third, and the adequate unilateral reaction is sooner restored. The action of the stimulating drugs, the duration of traces increases and the unilateral conditioned reaction becomes bilateral. It has been assumed that change in the duration of trace excitation, resulting from the indicated pharmacological tests is due to the influence of the drugs on the processes of interhemispheric irradiation and concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Effect of psycholeptics on several physiologic indices of stutterers].

The report is concerned with the action of single doses of aminazine, seduxen and benzctyzine on the EMG of the orbicular muscle of the mouth, pulse frequency, GSR and EEG during rest and in the process of speech in individuals with stuttering and neurotic disturbances (25 cases) and in early organic lesions (20 cases). The conclusion is made that there is a selective effect of these preparations on the different structures of the functional brain systems in stutterers.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Narrow-band changes in the spectral composition of the EEG under the influence of an agonist and antagonist of the cholinergic neuromediator system].

The EEG effects of intake of the mean therapeutic single dose of cholinomimetic amiridin (20 mg) or cholinolytic amizyl (2 mg) were studied in 7 healthy subjects. After the intake of the drugs with agonistic and antagonistic action, significant opposite changes in the EEG spectral density were observed in the frequency ranges of 0.6-6.7, 7.7-11.4, and 24.8-29.7 Hz. Amizyl produced an enhancement of the spectral density of the delta-, theta- and beta 2 activity and reduction of the alpha-rhythm power, while under the action of amiridin the spectral density of these rhythms changed in opposite directions. The oppositely directed changes in the alpha range were most pronounced. The peak frequency of amiridin-induced shift was equal to 9.8-10 Hz, and the same value of the spectral change induced by amizyl was 10.8-11.4 Hz. It is suggested that the spectral power density of the alpha-rhythm is an EEG index of the level of cholinergic activation.

Aminoquinolines↗