SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “BLOOD PLASMA”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

Ascorbate is an outstanding antioxidant in human blood plasma.

We have shown recently that the temporal order of antioxidant consumption in human blood plasma exposed to a constant flux of aqueous peroxyl radicals is ascorbate = protein thiols greater than bilirubin greater than urate greater than alpha-tocopherol and that detectable lipid peroxidation starts only after ascorbate has been consumed completely. In this paper, we show that it is indeed ascorbate that completely protects plasma lipids against detectable peroxidative damage induced by aqueous peroxyl radicals and that ascorbate is the only plasma antioxidant that can do so. Plasma devoid of ascorbate, but no other endogenous antioxidant, is extremely vulnerable to oxidant stress and susceptible to peroxidative damage to lipids. The plasma proteins' thiols, although they become oxidized immediately upon exposure to aqueous peroxyl radicals, are inefficient radical scavengers and appear to be consumed mainly by autoxidation. Our data demonstrate that ascorbate is the most effective aqueous-phase antioxidant in human blood plasma and suggest that in humans ascorbate is a physiological antioxidant of major importance for protection against diseases and degenerative processes caused by oxidant stress.

Antioxidants↗

PubMed1986

Effect of lipids in milk replacers on calf performance and lipids in blood plasma, liver, and perirenal fat.

Various fats (20% of dry matter) were fed in milk replacer to calves, from 3 to 31 d of age, to compare their effect on calf performance, feed efficiency, and lipids in blood plasma, liver, and perirenal fat. Dietary fats tested were tallow (control), canola oil, canola soapstocks, corn oil, reclaimed restaurant cooking fat, and a high phospholipid waste product. Corn oil plus tallow (1:1) diet promoted scours and poor calf gains, but canola oil diet, despite a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, gave excellent calf performance and feed utilization and no scours. Canola soapstocks plus tallow (1:1) and restaurant waste cooking fat lowered gains by 25 and 15% and reduced diet intake. Calves effectively utilized high phospholipid (23%) in dietary lipids. Main lipid classes in blood plasma were cholesterol esters and phosphatidylcholine, and in liver phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. Fatty acid composition of the major blood plasma and liver lipids, and of perirenal fat, tended to reflect dietary fatty acid concentrations.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1993

[Effect of feeding protected arginine on food intake, milk yield and growth hormone and amino acid levels in blood plasma of cows during the summer feeding period with grass].

The influence of a daily additon of 130 g arginine and 30 g lysine in a ruminally protected form on the content of growth hormone, amino acids and urea in blood plasma, milk yield and components and also feed intake under summer feeding conditions in an experimental period of eight weeks was investigated. The forage intake from grass was ad libitum. After a preperiod a total of 24 dairy cows were divided into 12 blocks, two cows in each, to consider milk yield, days postpartum and number of calving. The concentrate level of the treated group acted according to the control animals in each block. The growth hormone contents and the concentrations of arginine and lysine in blood plasma were not influenced by the addition of protected arginine. Urea content in blood plasma was increased in the treated cows tendentious in week 2 and significantly in the weeks 5 and 8. The decrease in milk yield in comparison with the preperiod was diminished in the arginine group by an average of 0.9 kg/d compared with the control, in the case of milk fat content it was significantly lowered. The milk protein and lactose contents were not changed by the treatment. The average daily forage intake was unchanged in the arginine group.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed2000

Comparative evaluation of blood plasma and tumor tissue amino acid pool in radiation or neoadjuvant preoperative therapies of breast cancer with the antitumor drug Ukrain.

This study comparatively evaluated free amino acid pool formation in patients with T1-3N0-2M0 breast cancer treated with the drug Ukrain (25 patients, i.v. 100 mg/course) in combination with preoperative radiation or neoadjuvant therapies (25 subjects, total dose 20 Gy). All the patients underwent radical mastectomy. Preoperative radiation did not essentially change the range of the blood plasma parameters studied. However, we observed decreased concentrations of blood plasma ornithine and citrulline and a reduced content of aminobutyric acid, as compared with levels on admission, which may indicate an acceleration of detoxication processes in the liver. In comparison with healthy mammary gland tissue, the tumor tissue of the patients subjected to radiation therapy showed 1.5- to twofold increased concentrations of cysteate, taurine, aspartate, glutamate, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, tyrosine and histidine, which substantiates the idea of tumor tissue being a trap for numerous energy and plastic substrates and indicates active transport of the above compounds into the tumor. The application of Ukrain had virtually no influence on concentrations of the majority of blood plasma amino acids and derivatives: the total concentration of the compounds studied as well as the essential and nonessential amino acid pools remained unchanged. As compared with healthy breast tissue, the considerably increased levels of thiol-containing amino acids, such as methionine, cystine, cysteate and taurine, in the tumor tissue of patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy with Ukrain, indicates high activity of trans-sulfuration processes in this tissue. Simultaneously, in contrast to radiation therapy, Ukrain induced a marked dose-dependent increase in the concentration of proline in breast tumor tissue. The above changes were consistent with the results of the morphological study which confirmed the emergence of numerous foci of necrosis in the tumor and indicated activation of Ukrain-induced proteolytic and degradation processes in the tumor. The results obtained have led us to conclude that a mechanism of Ukrain's cancerostatic effect is to control the transport and reactions of intermediate amino acid metabolism as well as to activate proline biosynthesis in the tumor, causing enhanced development of connective tissue. It is suggested that an important practical conclusion from the present study is the lack of damaging effect of preoperative radiation therapy in the above regimen and the favorable (normalizing) action of Ukrain, at a course dose of 100 mg, on the amino acid pool formation in the organism of patients with breast cancer.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Monitoring of aluminum in whole blood, plasma, serum, and water by a single procedure using flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

A simple, time-saving procedure to measure aluminum (AI) in whole blood, plasma, and water samples of low ionic strength by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry is presented. With this procedure, an analagous pretreatment is given to all samples. Moreover, the pretreated samples are analyzed using an identical program of the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The detection limit is 1.3 micrograms/L for aqueous solutions and 1.9 micrograms/L, 1.8 micrograms/L, and 2.3 microL for serum, plasma, and blood samples respectively. The precision of the method varies between 2.8% and 4.2% of all analyses. Using this method, a comparison was made between Al levels in whole blood (AlB) and plasma (AlP) in rats and AlB and AlP in renal patients. The AlB and AlP were strongly correlated. It is concluded that the monitoring of AlB may have a similar prognostic value for toxicity as the monitoring of AlP, but more experimental advantages.

Aluminum↗

PubMed1992

Routine determination of [18F]-L-6-fluorodopa and its metabolites in blood plasma is essential for accurate positron emission tomography studies.

A batch-contact alumina-extraction method has been used to separate [18F]-L-6-fluorodopa (FD) from its principal metabolite, 3-O-methyl-[18F]-6-fluorodopa (3-OMe-FD), in arterial blood plasma samples collected from subjects pretreated with carbidopa during positron emission tomography (PET) scans. The time course of the metabolite-corrected blood plasma activity is then used as an input function for kinetic analysis of striatal FD uptake. Results obtained from using the batch-contact alumina-extraction method were compared with those from high performance liquid chromatography, and also with those from a chromatographic alumina cartridge technique developed in this laboratory. In 60 human subjects including normal healthy volunteers and patients diagnosed as having a movement disorder, arterial blood plasma samples were collected after FD injection during a two-hour PET scan and analyzed by the batch-contact alumina-extraction method. The activity ratio (metabolites/FD) increased linearly with time for all subjects. However, there was a wide variation in the slope of the plot of the activity ratio (metabolites/FD) versus time among the subjects. No significant linear or curved relationship was observed between the slope and the age of the subject. Separation of FD from its metabolites is therefore necessary for each PET-FD study conducted.

Adsorption↗

PubMed1978

[Triglyceride, total cholesterol and lipoprotein fraction cholesterol levels in the blood plasma of elderly and long-lived persons in the Abkhazian SSSR].

The results of examination of 21 males and 30 females of the category of elderly and long-lived persons (81--106 years old) indicate the low content in the blood plasma of total cholesterol (173 mg/100 ml), beta-lipoprotein cholesterol (106 mg/100 ml), pre-beta-lipoprotein cholesterol (18 mg/100 ml), and triglycerides (91 mg/100 ml). The average content of these lipid complexes was lower in males than in females. The low concentration of beta- and pre-beta-lipoprotein cholesterol and the large portion of alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol content in relation to the content of total cholesterol in blood plasma are evidence of a favourable proportion of atherogenous and non-atherogenous classes of lipoproteins in blood plasma of elderly and long-lived persons, which is evidently one of the causes of the lower incidence of ischemic heart disease among them and their high longevity.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

Protein carbonyl formation in blood plasma by cephalosporins.

Cephalosporin antibiotics caused the formation of carbonyl groups in the plasma proteins both in vivo and in vitro. After the administration of either moxalactam (3 g/day) or cefotaxime (2 g/day) to patients for 7 days, the carbonyl contents in the plasma proteins increased markedly as determined by the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) method. The increase in protein carbonyl groups was also visualized by the conjugation of plasma proteins with fluorescein thiosemicarbazide (FTSC) and subsequent electrophoresis. When blood plasma was incubated with cephalosporins, most of the cephalosporins tested caused the carbonyl formation in plasma proteins to significant degrees in a concentration-dependent manner. Although a number of plasma proteins and other nonplasma proteins could be modified by cephalosporins in vitro, the plasma albumin was most markedly modified in vivo as well as in vitro. The protein carbonyl formation by cephalosporins was inhibited by ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, and cysteine, but it was not affected by FeSO4, CuSO4, desferrioxamine, EDTA, catalase, superoxide dismutase, uric acid, alpha-tocopherol, and mannitol. Sodium borohydride, when applied to moxalactam-treated plasma proteins, markedly reduced the reactivities of the protein with FTSC or DNPH, indicating that the observed reactivities of the cephalosporin-treated proteins toward FTSC or DNPH are actually due to the protein carbonyl groups. These data suggest that cephalosporins can oxidatively modify proteins in blood plasma and other tissues and that the oxidative modification of proteins may be involved in the adverse reactions observed frequently following cephalosporin therapy.

Antioxidants↗

PubMed1998

Direct determination of selenium in human blood plasma and seminal plasma by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry and clinical application.

Direct determination of selenium (Se) in body fluids by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAAS) may suffer from problems like severe background, matrix effects, preatomization losses, and spectral interferences. In this study we evaluate critically the influence on the accuracy of the direct determination of Se in blood plasma and seminal plasma by GFAAS, and propose a simple, rapid, and accurate method, suitable for routine clinical analysis. The method for blood plasma is mainly based on studies by the use of matched matrix and a Pd-Ni modifier, but for seminal plasma only a Pd modifier is required. The method developed was also applied to study the Se distribution in plasma protein fractions of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The Se in plasma of patients was significantly lower than that of the controls. The distribution pattern of Se in blood plasma fractions of patients was also different from that of the controls.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Nature of the proteinase activated by the contact factor in human blood plasma].

The nature of protamine splitting proteinase, which was formed after treatment of human blood plasma by kaolin or silicone (aerosile), was studied. The activated enzyme did not exhibite the properties of thrombin and plasmin in reactions with specific substrates. Kyninogenic, TAME (N-tosyl-d-,l-arginine methyl ester)-esterase and protamine splitting activities were inherent in the proteinase; these properties enabled to group the enzyme with blood kallikreins. The purified preparations of human blood plasma kallikrein hydrolyzed protamine sulphate even at 10 mcg/ml concentration. alpha2-macroglobulin inhibited the protamine splitting activity of the plasma kallikrein.

Enzyme Activation↗

PubMed1982

[The dependence of vitamin A and E concentrations in blood plasma on nutrition and age of growing pigs].

Four experiments (duration 21 to 137 days) were conducted where 112 pigs were divided into ten groups and fed dry mixtures with different content of nitrogenous substances, vitamin A and E. The repeated determination of the content of these vitamins in blood plasma and in liver proved the dependence of the circulating vitamin A first of all on its present alimentary intake; in the case of vitamin E its content is related to the animal age. As sufficient intake of the complete COS mixtures (2.4 mg of retinol . kg-1), in the weaned 4-week piglets the concentration of vitamin A in blood plasma was increasing up to the maximum values. After transition to the complete mixture A 1 (0.6 mg of retinol .kg-1), and particularly after the following switching to SOL mixture (0 retinol content) the concentration of vitamin A decreased significantly (as a rule temporarily) up to the value of 0.6 mumol .1(-1), with sufficient reserve in liver. Lower values were determined only at the absence of vitamin A in A 1 mixture; its content in liver (over the period of 117 days) decreased to the 14% of the state observed when feeding the complete mixture. Animal protein reduction in A 1 mixture led to the decrease in A vitamin level both in plasma and in liver. During one to six weeks after weaning of piglets the concentration of plasma vitamin E decreased approximately by two thirds, and, as a rule, only during the fourth month reached the value of 2.5 mumol .1(-1). The positive effect of the SOL mixture was observed. The increase in the vitamin E supplement in COS 2 mixture by 15 mg to the declared 30 mg reduced the decrease of tocopherolemia after weaning but did not prevent it. One-day starving before slaughter significantly decreased the vitamin A and slightly the vitamin E concentrations in plasma. The results are evaluated with respect to diagnostic applicability to blood plasma examination and with respect to the amount of vitamin supplements added to feed mixtures.

Aging↗

PubMed1994

Measurement of antioxidants in human blood plasma.

The concentration of antioxidants in human blood plasma is important in investigating and understanding the relationship between diet, oxidant stress, and human disease. The HPLC-EC technique combines selectivity with high sensitivity for measuring both water- and lipid-soluble antioxidants. The excellent sensitivity of the methods described here allows one to measure a panel of antioxidants in a small volume of plasma.

Antioxidants↗

PubMed1984

Effect of parathyroid hormone on total phosphate and inorganic phosphate in blood, plasma, and urine of domestic fowl.

Previous work has shown that parathyroid hormone causes the kidneys of domestic fowl to secrete inorganic phosphate (Pi) into the urine. Secreted Pi is not derived directly from plasma Pi. The objective of the present study was to determine if direct or indirect correlations exist between the urinary Pi excretion rate and the concentration of phosphate in plasma or whole blood. Parathyroid hormone dissolved in gelatin carrier vehicle was injected into immature domestic fowl to cause net renal Pi secretion. Control birds were injected with carrier vehicle alone, resulting in net Pi reabsorption. Urine, plasma, and whole blood samples obtained during net Pi secretion were compared with samples obtained during net Pi reabsorption. Each sample was assayed for total and inorganic phosphate. Neither time course nor point by point comparisons of individual samples provided any evidence that secreted Pi is derived from organic phosphate in plasma or whole blood. These experiments suggest that phosphate pools within the kidneys may serve as a source for the Pi that is secreted in response to parathyroid hormone.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Melatonin does not affect total antioxidant capacity of blood plasma in vitro.

Although melatonin has been claimed to increase total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of blood serum, this does not seem probable in view of the low physiological concentrations of this hormone in blood, in relation to other antioxidants. This study demonstrates that enrichment of blood plasma with melatonin up to micromolar concentrations does not affect TAC in vitro thus excluding any significant direct contribution of melatonin to TAC of blood plasma.

Antioxidants↗

PubMed1989

[The effect of intravenous administration of butyrate, isobutyrate and isovalerate to lambs aged 8-45 days on the blood plasma content of glucose, insulin, free fatty acids and total alpha-amino-N].

Massive dose injections of butyrate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate (1.25 mmol/kg body weight) as well as of physiological saline solutions were applied to 4 groups of lambs aged 8 to 15, 16 to 22, 23 to 29, and 30 to 45 days. Blood samples were drawn prior to infusion as well as 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes from mid-infusion. Original glucose and insulin levels in the blood plasma of 87 lambs had been 5.24 +/- 0.85 mmol/l or 191 +/- 106 pmol/l, respectively. Infusion of these solutions led to temporary rise in blood plasma levels of glucose, insulin, and free fatty acids. The highest insulin level increase resulted from isovalerate infusion. Total alpha amino nitrogen in blood plasma went down. It appeared to be obvious that lambs, even before their forestomachs came into action, responded to infusion of volatile fatty acids by increase in insulin secretion.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

A biological assay for determination of availability of selenium for restoring blood plasma gluthathione peroxidase activity in selenium-depleted chicks.

This study was undertaken to develop an assay for the determination of biological availability of selenium. In a preliminary experiment, commercial male, White Leghorn chicks had significantly reduced glutathione peroxidase activity in blood plasma after 7 days of depletion on a selenium-deficient (0.04 ppm of Se) diet. Selenium-depleted chicks fed graded levels of selenium (0.02--0.10 ppm in steps of 0.02 ppm) for 9 days had glutathione peroxidase activity in blood plasma which was linearly, highly correlated with dietary selenium content. In three subsequent experiments, chicks were fed a selenium-deficient diet for 7 days and were then distributed into groups of five chicks each. The standard diets, which contained 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10 ppm of selenium added as NaHSeO3, and the test diets, which contained three levels of each test substance and provided selenium supplements within the standard range, were each fed to three groups of chicks for 9 days. The dose parameter was selenium, in the standard groups added as NaHSeO3 and in the test groups provided by the selenium present in the test substance. The response parameter was blood plasma glutathione peroxidase activity. Statistical analyses of the results utilizing four fish meals as test substances revealed that the assay complied with the requirements for statistical and fundamental validity.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

The dynamics of concentration of the main fluorescent component of Ukrain in the tissues and blood plasma of rats with W-256 tumor after a single intravenous injection.

We determined the blood plasma and tissue concentrations of the main fluorescent component of free Ukrain after a single intravenous injection of this substance (0.25 mg/kg) to intact and carcinosarcoma W-256 bearing rats using ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescent detection. The plasma and tissue concentrations of Ukrain were lower than expected, assuming its uniform tissue distribution and first-order kinetics. W-256 tumor tissue was the only tissue that showed accumulation of Ukrain (its concentration at 45 min after injection was up to 2.84-fold higher than in the blood plasma). Based on the elevation of Ukrain concentration in tissues at approximately 15 min after injection and taking into account its high molecular weight as well as the high dimensions of the Ukrain molecule or ion at physiological pH values, we conclude that the preparation penetrates into tissues by active transport or by favored diffusion. Due to the existence of such transport systems together with excretion of Ukrain and probably also its biotransformation, the disappearance of the preparation from the blood cannot be described using a one-compartment model. A relatively higher affinity for Ukrain was observed in tumor tissue and liver, while affinity was lowest in the brain and muscles. The presence of tumors decreased Ukrain concentrations in plasma and normal tissues in comparison with those in control animals.

Alkaloids↗

PubMed1981

Determination of the anxiolytic agent 8-chloro-6-(2-chlorophenyl)-4H-imidazo-[1,5-alpha] [1,4]-benzodiazepine-3-carboxamide in whole blood, plasma or urine by high-performance liquid chromatography.

A rapid, sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay was developed for the determination of 8-chloro-6-(2-chlorophenyl)-4H-imidazo-[1,5-alpha]-[1,4]-benzodiazepine-3-carboxamide [I] and its 4-hydroxy metabolite, 8-chloro-6-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-4H-imidazo-[1,5-alpha] [1,4]-benzodiazepine-3-carboxamide [II] in whole blood, plasma or urine. The assay for both compounds involves extraction into diethyl ether-methylene chloride (70:30) from blood, plasma, or urine buffered to pH 9.0. The overall recoveries of [I] and [II] are 92.0 +/- 5.4% (S.D.) and 90.3 +/- 4.9% (S.D.), respectively. The sensitivity limit of detection is 50 ng/ml of blood, plasma, or urine using a UV detector at 254 nm. The HPLC assay was used to monitor the blood concentration-time fall-off profiles, and urinary excretion profiles in the dog following single 1 mg/kg intravenous and 5 mg/kg oral doses, and following multiple oral doses of 100 mg/kg/day of compound [I].

Animals↗