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PubMed1982

Capgras syndrome.

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Capgras Syndrome↗
PubMed1976

[The influence of neuroleptic drugs on urinary excretion of non-protein nitrogen (author's transl)].

During treatment with thioxanthenes or phenothiazines of schizophrenic patients non-protein nitrogen in urine was measured. The values were calculated in relation to the excretion of creatinine. a) Flupentixol or fluphenazine applied in optimal dosage, increased the excretion of urea and the amino acids asp, glu + gln, and gly. b) Moreover, if the drug induced a parkinsonoid (thioridazine) the excretion of ser and thr was increased, too. The usual desalting procedure by ion-exchanging resins before chromatography increases the contents of several amino acids, e.g. asp, asn, ala, gly, cys, ser, thr, indicating a breakdown of some instable products.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clopentixol decanoate in the treatment of chronic alcoholism.

The treatment of alcoholism still presents great problems because a number of factors have to be taken into consideration. Tranquilizers and chlormethiazol are only justified in the detoxication phase. For the subsequent after-care, depot neuroleptics are recommended because of the uniformly high plasma level. We gave clopentixol decanoate - 100 mg i.m. - in two-weekly intervals. The symptoms caused by ethylism were adequately overcome without side effects. Clopentixol decanoate creates the basis for successful psychotherapy: only when the mood situation is compensated and the internal unrest overcome can verbal therapy be successful.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of the kinetic interactions of the neuroleptics perphenazine and zuclopenthixol with tricyclic antidepressives.

Using data from a therapeutic drug monitoring database, kinetic interactions between the neuroleptics zuclopenthixol and perphenazine and tricyclic antidepressives were studied. Out of 290 patients monitored for amitriptyline and 611 patients monitored for nortriptyline, 77 patients were comedicated with perphenazine and 50 patients with zuclopenthixol. Comedication with perphenazine increased the median steady-state serum concentration to daily dose ratio (C/D) of nortriptyline by 30-45%, whereas the median C/D of amitriptyline was unaffected. On the contrary, median C/D values of nortriptyline and amitriptyline were not significantly influenced by comedication with zuclopenthixol. Thus, in accordance with previous studies, perphenazine increases the concentration of tricyclic antidepressives to a moderate extent. Zuclopenthixol, on the other hand, does not exert any impact under routine therapeutic drug monitoring, even though the drug is known to partly depend on metabolism by the isozyme cytochrome P450 2D6.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia: patterns of response to depot neuroleptic treatment.

The pattern of response of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia to depot neuroleptics was studied in a Nigerian Sample of schizophrenics in a drug-free state. Both positive and negative symptoms showed significantly good response, but positive symptoms were more responsive. Cultural factors do not seem to influence the pattern of response. Rather, neuroleptic naivety may enhance the responsivity of positive symptoms, whereas stimulating millieu (non-pharmacologic) factors may enhance that of negative symptoms.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1994

A double-blind controlled study of intramuscular zuclopenthixol acetate and liquid oral haloperidol in the treatment of schizophrenic patients with acute exacerbation.

We carried out a 9-day double-blind clinical trial comparing intramuscular zuclopenthixol acetate with liquid oral haloperidol in the treatment of 40 newly admitted schizophrenic patients with acute exacerbation. A parallel-group design was used with stratification by sex. Zuclopenthixol acetate (50 to 150 mg) was given intramuscularly every 3 days, whereas liquid haloperidol (10 to 30 mg daily) was given orally three times a day, with supplementary doses of each medication given under double-blind conditions when needed for agitation. No other sedative drugs, including benzodiazepines, were administered. The mean daily dose was 18.9 mg for haloperidol as compared with a mean dose per 3 days of 117.6 mg for zuclopenthixol. The two treatments were found to be equally efficacious on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Clinical Global Impression Scale. Both drugs induced similar extrapyramidal side effects. However, more tremors were associated with zuclopenthixol as was a tendency for tardive dyskinesia to be unmasked at the end of the injection interval. Sedation was higher with zuclopenthixol acetate than with haloperidol. Serum creatinine phosphokinase levels were not significantly increased after zuclopenthixol injections. The results of this trial suggest that zuclopenthixol acetate given intramuscularly every second to third day offers an alternative to conventional liquid oral haloperidol in the management of acute schizophrenia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[acute dystonias in combined abuse of cocaine and neuroleptics].

A 25-year-old mildly retarded black cocaine user was hospitalized 15 times in 10 years for recurrent maniform psychosis. During the last intake he developed severe dystonia following zuclopenthixol 50 mg and droperidol 10 mg i.m. In view of current knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of acute neuroleptic induced dystonias, this suggests that cocaine may be a risk factor for development of acute dystonia. However, only a few studies with small numbers of patients and/or poor design have been reported. Therefore the conclusion cannot be drawn that an anticholinergic should be added to neuroleptics in patients with cocaine abuse.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Antinociceptive effects of combining low doses of neuroleptic drugs and fentanyl in sheep.

Effects of low doses of the neuroleptic drugs droperidol and zuclopenthixol, combined with a subanalgesic dose of the opioid mu-agonist, fentanyl, on mechanical nociceptive thresholds were evaluated in sheep. Intravenously administered droperidol (5 micrograms/kg of body weight) did not induce any change in the nociceptive thresholds when administered alone, but caused marked increase in threshold responses when combined with a subanalgesic dose of fentanyl (5 micrograms/kg). Similarly, a combination of i.v. administered zuclopenthixol (100 micrograms/kg) and fentanyl induced significant (P < 0.05) antinociceptive effects, whereas zuclopenthixol administered i.v. alone had no effect on the threshold responses. Intrathecal administration of a low dose of droperidol (5-micrograms total dose) combined with i.v. administered fentanyl also increased mechanical thresholds significantly (P < 0.05). These results indicate that interactions exist between dopaminergic and opioid systems in the processing of nociceptive information and that these effects may, at least partially, be mediated spinally.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[The effect of serum monitoring on concentration of perphenazine and zuclopenthixole].

The effect of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), including pharmacokinetic guidance, was examined in 994 psychiatric patients treated with perphenazine (Trilafon) or zuclopentixol (Cisordinol). Before monitoring of the serum level, half of the serum concentrations from patients given perphenazine tablets (466 patients) was below the therapeutic level, and about one third was above. For perphenazine depot (208 patients), almost no patients had a serum concentration below the therapeutic level whereas 40% had concentrations above. For zuclopentixol tablets (231 patienter) and zuclopentixol depot (163 patients), about 60% of the patients had concentrations above the therapeutic level. For all four groups, it was found that slightly more than half of the patients with serum concentrations outside the therapeutic level was reexamined. The dosage was changed in most of these patients (80-90%) in order to bring the concentration within the therapeutic level. Half of those in whom the dose was changed obtained concentrations within the therapeutic level. It is concluded that since the recommendations for changes of the dosage is followed to a wide extent, the therapeutic drug monitoring service does influence the treatment significantly.

Clopenthixol↗