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At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Flow dynamic comparison of peripheral venous cannulas used with centrifugal pump assistance in vitro.

Because of the risk of vein collapse, the benefits of using a centrifugal pump to assist venous drainage for cardiopulmonary bypass are limited when the tips of peripheral cannulas are maintained within the vena cava. Using a mock circuit including 20 mm diameter latex tubing to mimic a vena cava, we compared the performance of 6 commercially available peripheral venous cannulas and attempted to determine potential factors influencing maximal flow drainage before vein collapse. A close correlation was observed with the total hole area of the cannula. Best performance (5.10 +/- 0.08 L/min) was obtained with an 8 mm internal diameter (ID) cannula and 343 mm2 total hole area. A larger cannula (ID 9.2 mm) with only 209 mm2 total hole area drained 5.03 +/- 0.05 L/min whereas a smaller cannula (ID 6.7 mm) with a total hole area of 586 mm2 also allowed a similar flow of 5.03 +/- 0.12 L/min. Therefore, the total hole area appears to be a critical factor in designing peripheral cannulas used in restricted chambers such as vena cavae.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗
PubMed2001

1% lidocaine injection, EMLA cream, or "numby stuff" for topical analgesia associated with peripheral intravenous cannulation.

The purpose of this study was to assess patient's perception of pain associated with peripheral intravenous (i.v.) cannulation, using 3 methods of applying local anesthetics. A prospective, randomized, quasi-experimental study was conducted, using a convenience sample of men and women, ASA physical status I, II, or III, undergoing outpatient or same-day surgery. Group 1 received a subcutaneous injection of 1% lidocaine, group 2 received topical EMLA cream for 45 to 60 minutes, and group 3 received treatment with "Numby Stuff" for 40 mA minutes. After the intended analgesic treatment was complete, the patient was asked to rate the pain experienced during the skin-numbing process. An i.v. was then started using an 18-gauge i.v. catheter, and the patient again was asked to rate the amount of pain experienced with the catheter insertion. A visual analog scale was used as the tool of measurement for pain. Results of the study showed that group 1 experienced a higher treatment pain score than either group 2 or group 3, while group 2 experienced a higher pain score when the i.v. was started than either group 1 or group 3. Of the 3 methods tested, results seem to indicate that the Numby Stuff system using iontophoresis is the superior method for decreasing the pain associated with peripheral i.v. cannulation, and application of the analgesic method does not cause significant pain.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2004

[Phlebitis in peripheral catheters (II). A study].

The study group consisted of 121 patients, 37 or 30.5% women and 84 or 69.4% men, checked into the Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Hospitalization Unit who bore a total of 215 peripheral venous catheters. The authors of this study detected a high level occurrence of phlebitis in patients using peripheral venous catheters, with a low average duration time, during the period in which the authors carried out their study.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Peripheral access venous catheter].

The author reviews the classifications of different peripheral access venous catheters, analyzing the criteria to select each type of catheter, their indications for use, and the advantages and inconveniences of each one.

Catheterization, Peripheral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Future dimensions in vascular access--peripheral implantable ports.

The development of reliable long-term intravenous access devices is both a blessing for patients and a challenge for nurses. The peripheral implantable port is a unique vascular access device that offers some new advantages over previously developed central venous catheters. This article includes a brief review of prior advances in vascular access, as well as indications, insertion techniques, advantages, disadvantages, and nursing management of the new peripheral implantable port (Port-A-Cath P.A.S. Port, Pharmacia Deltec Inc., St. Paul, Minn.). Additionally, a retrospective study of clinical experience and complications is presented.

Catheterization, Peripheral↗
PubMed2002

Clinical review: complications and risk factors of peripheral arterial catheters used for haemodynamic monitoring in anaesthesia and intensive care medicine.

In order to evaluate the complications and risk factors associated with peripheral arterial catheters used for haemodynamic monitoring, we reviewed the literature published from 1978 to 2001. We closely examined the three most commonly used arterial cannulation sites. The reviewed papers included a total of 19,617 radial, 3899 femoral and 1989 axillary artery catheterizations. Factors that contribute to higher complication rates were investigated. Major complications occurred in fewer than 1% of the cases, and rates were similar for the radial, femoral and axillary arteries. We conclude that arterial cannulation is a safe procedure.

Axillary Artery↗
PubMed1992

Influence of catheter type on occurrence of thrombophlebitis during peripheral intravenous nutrition.

To reduce the likelihood of thrombophlebitis during intravenous feeding through a peripheral vein, the osmolality of the solution is usually reduced by disproportionately raising the lipid content and lowering the carbohydrate, electrolyte, and aminoacid concentrations. The possibility that delivery system rather than feed is the main influence on the development of thrombophlebitis was examined in a randomised comparison of a fine-bore silicone catheter against a short 'Teflon' cannula. The nutrient solution given through a peripheral vein was a standard feed used for infusion into a central vein (osmolality 1250 mOsmol/kg, 13 g nitrogen, 200 g glucose [800 kcal], and lipid emulsion [1000 kcal]). 27 patients received the infusion through a fine-bore silicone rubber catheter (diameter 23 G, length 15 cm) and 23 through a teflon catheter (diameter 20 G, length 3.2 cm). The median duration of feeding was 5 days in each of the two groups. Thrombophlebitis developed in all patients in the teflon group but in only 2 (7%) of the silicone group. The first silicone catheter for a patient lasted a median of 128.5 h, compared with 40 h for the first teflon cannula (p less than 0.001). The results show that when a nutrient solution of osmolality 1250 mOsmol/kg is delivered through a peripheral vein with an ultrafine-bore silicone catheter, the risk of thrombophlebitis is low. For many patients intravenous feeding may thus be given through a peripheral instead of a central vein without compromising the nutritional adequacy of the feed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perception of risk factors for infusion phlebitis among Swedish nurses: a questionnaire study.

This questionnaire study was set up to assess the perceptions of risk factors for infusion phlebitis among Swedish nurses, as their concepts of these factors may influence the incidence. A majority of the nurses believed that insertion of a peripheral venous catheter in the forearm and catheter rotation within 48 hours was protective. These measures are not supported in recent studies and guidelines. Surveillance of the educational level of staff, who insert peripheral venous catheters, is an important tool for reducing the incidence of infusion phlebitis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Silicone catheter fracture secondary to stress events and a dressing technique to reduce those events.

In vitro experiments describe how two specific stresses result in weakened and thus more easily fractured silicone catheters. The two stresses studied are stretching and kinking of the catheters. A dressing method for flexible peripherally inserted catheters that eliminates kinking and significantly reduces stretching is described. The dressing method is compared experimentally with a standard dressing method.

Catheterization↗
PubMed2004

[The intra bone passage and nursing].

The authors confirm the utility of the intra bone passage as a means of emergency vascular access when the installation of a peripheral and/or central venous passage is difficult or impossible when attending critically ill patients as another additional technique available to Nursing when caring for a critically ill patient. From the reference articles reviewed, the authors deduce that intra bone vascular access provides a passage to the vascular system which permits rapid, easy and efficient access, especially when attending children under the age of six. The use of the intra bone passage is justified whenever medical personnel take more than 90 seconds or have three failed tries to insert a peripheral venous tube in patients who are critically ill or unstable. The anatomical zones which are the most appropriate to puncture in children are the proximal and distal part of the tibia and the distal section of the femur. This intra bone passage permits the administering of liquids and drugs, just as a peripheral venous passage does. Both the complications and the countermeasures are minimal.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1994

Accuracy of coagulation values obtained from a heparinized central venous catheter.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To compare coagulation values of blood samples drawn from heparinized central venous catheters (CVCs) and peripheral veins. DESIGN: Correlational. SETTING: Adult, acute-care hematology/oncology unit in a 1,000-bed teaching hospital. SAMPLE: Twelve adult patients with cancer who had varied diagnoses and patent CVCs. METHODS: Simultaneous blood samples were drawn from the CVC and a peripheral vein and were tested for prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: PT and aPTT values. FINDINGS: PT and aPTT values were significantly prolonged in samples drawn from CVCs when compared to peripherally drawn samples. CONCLUSIONS: Accurate coagulation values cannot be obtained from a heparinized CVC. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Blood for coagulation values should be obtained from peripheral veni-puncture. Further research should explore the effects of various catheters, heparin dwell time, and systemic anticoagulation on coagulation values.

Bias↗
PubMed1995

Catheter-induced "accordion effect" in tortuous right external iliac artery during peripheral angiography.

Mechanical distortion of tortuous coronary arteries mimicking spasm or dissection during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty due to balloon guidewire systems has previously been reported. This case reports a similar phenomenon in the peripheral vascular system induced by a diagnostic catheter. Recognition of this pseudo lesion may help to avoid complications and unnecessary intervention.

Angiography↗
PubMed2005

Papaverine prolongs patency of peripheral arterial catheters in neonates.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the continuous infusion of papaverine-containing solutions in peripheral arterial catheters would decrease the catheter failure rate and increase the functional duration of the catheter in neonates. STUDY DESIGN: In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, masked trial, 82 catheters were placed in 70 neonates in the papaverine group and 98 catheters were placed in 71 neonates in the placebo group. RESULTS: The catheters in the papaverine group remained functional for a significantly longer duration than those in the placebo group. The median (25th%, 75th%) time before catheter failure was 16.6 (9.5, 24.3) days in the papaverine group and 12 days (6.1, 18.2) in the placebo group ( P = .023; Cox proportional hazards model). There was no significant difference in the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) between groups, and there was no evidence of hepatic toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: The continuous infusion of papaverine-containing fluids prolongs the patency of peripheral arterial catheters in neonates. In this small number of infants, we found no difference in the incidence of IVH or hepatic toxicity.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1998

The use of heparinase to neutralize residual heparin in blood samples drawn through pediatric indwelling central venous catheters.

Routine-coagulation screening is unreliable if obtained through a previously heparinized central venous catheter. Screening tests were performed on 14 paired peripheral and central venous catheter samples without and with heparinase. The heparinase treated central venous catheter samples correlated well with the peripheral samples and can be used to atraumatically screen for hemostatic abnormalities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Percutaneous internal maxillary arterial embolization with ethylcellulose microspheres. Results in an animal model.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the use of ethylcellulose microspheres as long-term and peripheral emboli for percutaneous maxillofacial arterial embolization. METHODS: Eight mongrel dogs were selected randomly for internal maxillary artery embolization with ethylcellulose microspheres. After embolization, angiographic, microangiographic, and histologic examinations were performed. RESULTS: Ethylcellulose microspheres were trapped in the peripheral arterioles from 24 hours to 6 months after embolization. Degenerative changes of maxilla, mandible, and dental pulp occurred after the embolization of the internal maxillary artery with the microspheres. No evidence of whole or focal necrosis of the bones and surrounding soft tissues was found between 24 hours and 6 months after embolization. CONCLUSION: Ethylcellulose microspheres can be used as an alternative long-term and peripheral embolic agent, with potential for percutaneous maxillofacial arterial embolization.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
PubMed2001

Peripheral placement of apheresis catheters in children: feasibility, safety, and efficacy in the collection of blood stem cells--initial experience.

An 8-F 24-cm-long apheresis catheter was placed in the basilic vein with imaging-guided percutaneous technique in 15 children undergoing leukapheresis for collection of autologous peripheral blood stem cells. There were no immediate or long-term complications. This is a low-morbidity procedure requiring minimal sedation that results in successful collection of peripheral blood stem cells and allows flow rates comparable to those with surgically placed central catheters.

Adolescent↗