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PubMed1983

The inflammatory response in candidal chorioamnionitis.

Fetal infection with Candida organisms has not commonly been reported. Umbilical cords and placentas from 23 cases of chorioamnionitis collected over a nine-year period were examined by electron microscopy and immunoperoxidase staining. Gross features, especially of the umbilical cord, were distinctive and included the pale yellow plaques pathognomonic of candidal funisitis. Histopathologically, the lesions were found to be focal and subamniotic and were often embedded in a "fibrinoid" exudate and surrounded by inflammatory cells. In some cases the exudate and inflammatory cells were deposited in dense bands. Immunoperoxidase staining showed the lesions to contain IgG, IgM, and IgA, which probably originated in dense-staining plasmacytoid and immunoblastic cells in the inflammatory infiltrates. Additional findings in two fetal cases of giant cell pneumonitis suggested that the fetus can mount a brisk inflammatory and immune response to Candida organisms as early as 18 weeks' gestation and that mucosal exposure to this antigen can result in production of IgA by the lung.

Candidiasis↗
PubMed1980

Listeria monocytogenes chorioamnionitis: diagnosis by transabdominal amniocentesis.

Two cases of Listeria monocytogenes chorioamnionitis are presented in which transabdominal amniocentesis was used to confirm the diagnosis and to obtain reliable intrauterine culture material free from lower genital tract contamination. The mechanisms of infection with Listeria monocytogenes in the pregnant patient are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Methods of localization of chorioamnionitis and their clinical value].

121 out of 390 placentas of mostly pathological deliveries and preganancies were cases of chorioamnionitis. Histological studies have been performed under topographical respects. Several localisations (dynamic phases) of ascending infection of the secundinae are being described and their clinical relevance is being assessed. 1)"Nomal secundinae" or "physiological leucocytosis at ruptured chorionic membranes": there are but a few cases (3 to 5%) of amniotic infection syndroms or morphological signs of an aspiration of infected amniotic fluid and fetal sepsis. 2) "Isolated leucocytosis of the vessels of the umbilical cord and the chorionic plate": it is mostly caused by a fetal hypoxia; relatively seldom it is the result of an infection (about 10%). 3) "Partial phlegmon of the secundinae" (phlegmon of the chorionic membrane with spreading to the periphery of the chorionic plate): about 30% amniotic infection syndrom or infected amniotic fluid (and fetal sepsis respectively. 4) "Subtotal phlegmon of the secundinae" (phlegmon of the chorionic membrane and the chorionic plate in part, spreading to the umbilical cord): about 50% amniotic infection syndrom or infected amniotic fluid (and fetal sepsis) respectively. 5) "Total phlegmon of the secundinae" : in the majority of cases (about 65%) signs of infection damage on mother and/or fetus are visible.

Amnion↗
PubMed1995

[Dietetic factors and premature rupture of fetal membranes. Effect of vitamin C on collagen degradation in the chorioamnion].

Some studies have shown an association between vitamin C disposability (Vit C), and the development of premature rupture of membranes (RPM). However, vitamin C role in the metabolism of collagen upon chorioamnion tissue, has not been analyzed. In this study the effect of modulation with different vit C concentrations in culture cells derived from human amnion, was analyzed. Vit C concentrations were used in order to cover physiological range (29.0 micrograms/ml). After stimulation the cells media were analyzed for enzymatic activity of metalloproteinases with extracellular matrix (MMP), and relative quantity of MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9, was quantified, by immune transference, using monospecific polyclonal antibodies. The activity, as well as protein decreased in amniotic cells media, in a direct way as to vit C concentration, so, at the highest used concentrations (100 micrograms/ml), the least MMP activity/quantity, was obtained. These results show a finding not described until now, which permits to establish a direct connection between vit C availability and increase in collagen degradation. According to results, the less availability of vit C, the greater degradation of collagen, which should lead to a mechanical support loss and eventual fetal membranes rupture.

Amnion↗
PubMed1995

Chorioamnionitis caused by Capnocytophaga: case report.

Intraamniotic infection is a significant cause of perinatal morbidity. Capnocytophaga, a gram-negative anaerobe found in the oral cavity, has been implicated as an unusual cause of neonatal sepsis. We report a patient in whom this unusual organism was identified and describe the postpartum and neonatal courses.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The effect of transforming growth factor and interleukin-10 on interleukin-8 release by human amniochorion may regulate histologic chorioamnionitis.

OBJECTIVE: Amniochorion is a source of interleukin-8 during infection and inflammation. In this study we investigate the role of 2 immunoinhibitory cytokines, transforming growth factor and interleukin-10, in regulating interleukin-8 production from human fetal membranes and define their mechanism of regulation. STUDY DESIGN: Amniochorion was placed in an organ explant system for 72 hours. Tissues were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (50 ng/mL), lipopolysaccharide plus transforming growth factor-beta (50/50, 50/100), transforming growth factor-beta (50 and 100 ng/mL), lipopolysaccharide plus interleukin-10 (50/50 and 50/100), and interleukin-10 (50 and 100 ng/mL) in culture. Tissue and media samples were frozen until quantitation of interleukin-8 messenger ribonucleic acid and protein. Quantitation of messenger ribonucleic acid was performed by quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction and protein by enzyme-linked immunoassay, respectively. RESULTS: Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tissues produced approximately 6 x 10(6) molecules per microliter of interleukin-8 messenger ribonucleic acid compared with 6 x 10(3) molecules per microliter in controls. Transforming growth factor-beta alone and lipopolysaccharide plus transforming growth factor-beta stimulation produced 6 x 10(5) and 6 x 10(4) molecules of interleukin-8 messenger ribonucleic acid per microliter, respectively. Tissues stimulated with lipopolysaccharide plus 50 ng/mL interleukin-10 produced approximately 600 molecules per microliter of interleukin-8 messenger ribonucleic acid, whereas no amplifiable messenger ribonucleic acid was detected in tissues treated with lipopolysaccharide plus 100 ng/mL interleukin-10. Tissues treated with interleukin-10 alone produced 6 x 10(3) molecules of messenger ribonucleic acid, similar to control levels. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay data showed similar levels of interleukin-8 peptide release from lipopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide plus transforming growth factor-beta-treated fetal membranes. A dose-dependent decrease in interleukin-8 peptide release was seen in tissues treated with lipopolysaccharide plus interleukin-10, whereas stimulation with transforming growth factor or interleukin-10 alone resulted in interleukin-8 peptide release similar to that of control levels. CONCLUSION: Transforming growth factor-beta seems to have no effect on interleukin-8 protein production in the presence of an infectious agent; however, a drop in messenger ribonucleic acid levels was observed. Interleukin-10 in the presence of lipopolysaccharide showed down-regulation of interleukin-8 messenger ribonucleic acid expression and peptide production. These data suggest that fetal membrane interleukin-8 production can be controlled by interleukin-10 during an infectious process.

Amnion↗