SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Colostrum”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources

PubMed2006

Influence of colostrum treated by heat on immunity function in goat kids.

The aim was to evaluate the influence of goat colostrum treated by heat on immune function in kids. Thirteen newborn kids were fed untreated colostrum (group A) and 13 kids were fed colostrum treated by heat (56 degrees C, 30 min) (group B). Blood samples were obtained at eight time points between the ages of 0 h to 28 days. Serum protein fractions, IgG levels and phagocytic activity of neutrophils were determined. A delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) test was used, clinical status and body weight was recorded. There were no clinical signs of disease and no differences (P>0.05) on body weight between groups were noted. Kids from group B had less total protein levels and gamma-globulins than kids from group A (P<0.05). A decrease in serum IgG levels (P<0.05) was observed in kids from group B during all experiment. DTH response in kids from group B was lower (P<0.01) than group A, suggesting alteration on cellular immune system. No effects on phagocytic activity of the neutrophils were observed when both groups were compared (P>0.05). These results showed that colostrum treated by heat impaired some immunological parameters in kids, but these changes did not affect on clinical status or performance.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Managing the production, storage, and delivery of colostrum.

Provision of an adequate immunoglobulin mass to dairy calves is an essential component for survival, health, and future productivity. To prevent FPT of immunity due to suckling of the dam, newborn dairy calves should be removed from the calving area within 30 minutes of birth. First and later lactation cows are suitable colostrum donors, provided they are healthy, well-vaccinated, have had optimal transition management, and an appropriate dry-period length. Early colostrum collection yields an adequate immunoglobulin mass provided that 3 to 4 L of colostrum is fed to the newborn calf. Regular testing for the adequacy of the dairy's colostrum feeding program is an excellent way to prevent calf health problems and identify potential need for CSs or replacement products.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Effects of colostrum feeding and dexamethasone treatment on mRNA levels of insulin-like growth factors (IGF)-I and -II, IGF binding proteins-2 and -3, and on receptors for growth hormone, IGF-I, IGF-II, and insulin in the gastrointestinal tract of neonatal calves.

The somatotropic axis regulates growth of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In addition, colostrum feeding and glucocorticoids affect maturation of the GIT around birth in mammals. We have measured mRNA levels of members of the somatotropic axis to test the hypothesis that colostrum intake and dexamethasone treatment affect respective gene expression in the GIT. Calves were fed either colostrum or an isoenergetic milk-based formula, and in each feeding group, half of the calves were treated with dexamethasone (DEXA; 30 microg/kg body weight per day). Individual parameters of the somatotropic axis differed (P < 0.05) among different GIT sections and formula feeding increased (P < 0.05) mRNA levels of individual parameters at various sites of the GIT. Effects of DEXA on the somatotropic axis in the GIT partly depended on different feeding. In colostrum-fed calves, DEXA decreased (P < 0.05) mRNA levels of IGF-I (esophagus, fundus, duodenum, and ileum), IGF-II (fundus), IGFBP-2 (fundus), IGFBP-3 (fundus), IGF1R (esophagus, ileum, and colon), IGF2R (fundus), GHR (fundus), and InsR (esophagus, fundus), but in formula-fed calves DEXA increased mRNA levels of IGF-I (esophagus, rumen, jejunum, and colon). Furthermore, DEXA increased (P < 0.05) mRNA levels of IGF-II (pylorus), IGFBP-3 (duodenum), IGF2R (pylorus), and GHR (ileum), but decreased mRNA levels of IGFBP-2 (ileum), and IGF1R (fundus). Whereas formula feeding had stimulating effects, effects of DEXA treatment on the gene expression of parameters of the somatotropic axis varied among GIT sites and partly depended on feeding.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Ghrelin is present in human colostrum, transitional and mature milk.

Ghrelin and its mRNA have recently been found in numerous human tissues including breast. The aim of this study was to compare the ghrelin levels in colostrum, mature and transitional milk and plasma in lactating women with plasma samples from non-lactating women. Venous blood samples were obtained from 17 healthy lactating women aged 22-35 years and from 16 age-matched controls. Colostrum, transitional and mature milk samples were collected just before suckling. The level of bioactive ghrelin was determined by RIA. Comparison of ghrelin values for lactating women showed significantly lower concentrations in colostrum (70.3 +/- 18 pg/ml), transitional milk (83.8 +/- 18pg/ml) and mature milk (97.3 +/- 13 pg/ml) than in the corresponding plasma samples (first day 95 +/- 16 pg/ml, 10th day 111 +/- 13 pg/ml and 15th day 135 +/- 16 pg/ml). The plasma concentrations were lower in the lactating than in the non-lactating women. Thus, the ghrelin levels in colostrum, transitional and mature milk were elavated concomitantly with increasing plasma ghrelin after delivery. The origin of milk ghrelin is not known, but it probably comes from the plasma.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Colostrum mediates the development of mother preference by newborn lambs.

The first sucking bouts have strong rewarding properties in the establishment of a preference for the mother by newborn lambs. In this study we designed an artificial teat (Experiment 1) and a method of tube feeding (Experiment 2) to investigate the role of nonnutritive sucking and colostrum intake as reinforcers in the development of this relationship (Experiment 3). In this third experiment, lambs of the control group (n=10) had free access to the udder. In the other groups they were prevented from sucking between birth and 6 h by covering the ewe's udder while lambs received one of the following treatments: access to nonnutritive teats fitted onto the mother's udder (n=12), tube fed with colostrum (n=11), or fully deprived (n=10). When tested in a two-choice test at 24 h of age, controls and lambs receiving colostrum spent significantly more time near their mother than near the alien ewe. By contrast, deprived lambs did not. Half of the lambs having access to nonnutritive teats displayed a preference for their mother; the other half chose the alien ewe. However, most lambs that were affected by the treatments displayed a preference for their mother when a second test was performed at 48 h. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that a neonatal nasogastric infusion of colostrum has the same rewarding properties as a complete sucking bout. They also provide evidence for the first time that a relationship with the dam can be established via a nutritional signal originating from the gastrointestinal sphere.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Polyamines in goat's colostrum and milk.

The concentration and secretion of putrescine (PTR), spermidine (SPD), and spermine (SPM) was examined in colostrum and milk of 60 dairy goats (Polish White and German Brown) during 90 days of lactation. It has been found that milk polyamine pattern is related to breed, age, offspring number, lactation period, milking time, and individual goat-to-goat variations. The mean level of PTR and SPD was significantly higher, whereas SPM level was significantly lower in German Brown than Polish White goats. These differences were maintained during whole observation period (90 days after parturition). Elder goats, bearing two and three kids, secreted colostrum with a higher concentration of PTR and a lower concentration of SPD than young goats having one kid. There was a highly significant positive relationship between the age or litter total weight and PTR concentration in colostrum of Polish White goats. In contrast to PTR, the SPD level was negatively correlated with the age or litter total weight. The daily secretion of PTR, SPD, and SPM progressively increased from the 1st to 90th day of lactation. It was dependent on the increase of milk secretion rate, which could be illustrated by the highly significant correlation between daily milk yield and secretion of SPD in milk of German Brown and Polish White goats. The concentration of SPD in milk sampled in the evening was usually higher than in that from morning milking, however, significant only in the case of German Brown goats. In general, goat's colostrum and milk are rich in polyamines, which the total concentration is the highest when compared to milk of other mammals examined so far (e.g., human, rat, sow, and cow).

Animals↗

PubMed1987

[Passage of propofol in the colostrum. Preliminary data].

So as to ascertain whether propofol passed into human milk, a study was carried out in five women who had undergone general anaesthesia with propofol in the puerperium. Concentrations of propofol were measured both in plasma and colostrum. The results showed clearly the excretion of propofol in the colostrum, and the similar time-courses of propofol levels in the blood and colostrum; the ratio of concentrations blood:colostrum was close to 1.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

The effects of bovine colostrum supplementation on body composition and exercise performance in active men and women.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 8 wk of bovine colostrum supplementation on body composition and exercise performance in active men and women. Subjects were randomly assigned to a placebo (whey protein) and colostrum group (20 g/d in powder form). Each subject participated in aerobic and heavy-resistance training at least three times per wk. Body composition was assessed via dual x-ray absorptiometry analysis. Treadmill time to exhaustion, one repetition maximum strength (bench press), and the total number of repetitions performed during one set to exhaustion at a submaximal load for the bench press (50% and 100% of body weight for women and men, respectively) were ascertained. The whey protein group experienced a significant increase (P < 0.05) in body weight (mean increase of 2.11 kg), whereas the colostrum group experienced a significant (P < 0.05) increase in bone-free lean body mass (mean increase of 1.49 kg). There were no changes in any of the other parameters measured. Thus, supplementation with bovine colostrum (20 g/d) in combination with exercise training for 8 wk may increase bone-free lean body mass in active men and women.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1983

Alkylglycerols in bovine colostrum and milk in relation to precursor levels.

The concentrations of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), glycerol-3-phosphate (GP), glucose and alkylglycerols were measured in bovine colostrum and milk. Concentrations of GP were higher in colostrum than in milk, and corresponded to intracellular concentrations at the onset of lactation. This suggests that GP equilibrates over the apical membrane at onset of lactation, which is believed to occur also in full lactation. The ratio of DHAP to GP showed a peak in colostrum that was more than twice that in milk, indicating that concentration changes in colostrum/milk were not caused by dilution. DHAP was positively correlated to metabolical compounds such as glucose and alkylglycerols. As DHAP is a required precursor for alkylglycerol synthesis, the positive correlation suggests that DHAP may be limiting for alkylglycerol synthesis and thus could explain the elevated levels of alkylglycerols found in colostrum.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Purification and identification of TGF-beta 2-related growth factor from bovine colostrum.

Bovine colostrum contains transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-like activity. High levels of this activity are found in early colostrum (within 12 h after parturition); however, it decreases rapidly after 30 h. In this study, the activity in early colostrum was purified by a sequence of decaseination, DEAE-Sephacel chromatography, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, precipitation at neutral pH, further gel filtration and reversed-phase FPLC. A homodimeric 23 kDa protein was identified that retained the TGF-beta-like activity. Its activity was completely neutralized by a specific anti-TGF-beta 2 antibody. These results indicate that the TGF-beta-like growth factor found in bovine colostrum is chemically and antigenically related to TGF-beta 2. The physiological roles of the TGF-beta 2-related growth factor are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Demonstration of alternative and classical complement pathway activity in colostrum from buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).

Buffalo colostrum caused lysis of unsensitized red blood cells (RBC) from sheep, goats, rabbits and chickens. RBC from cattle and buffalo were resistant to lysis. That lysis was due to the presence of natural antibodies to these RBC was ruled out since there was no reduction in haemolytic titres even after adsorption with the respective RBC. The addition of EGTA to the diluent had no effect on the haemolytic activity. These findings indicate the presence of alternative complement pathway (ACP) activity in buffalo colostrum. The haemolytic activity of buffalo complement for unsensitized rabbit RBC was reduced to very low levels by heating at 50 degrees C for 45 min. Treatment with zymosan also inhibited the haemolytic activity, while inulin had no effect. The maximum activity of ACP occurred in the presence of 4 mmol/L Mg(2+) in the diluent. The range of ACP activities in colostrum from buffaloes varied from 4.06 to 8.48 CH50 units/ml. Using a standard system for titrating the classical complement pathway and rabbit red blood cells sensitized with goat haemolysin, the range of complement activity in buffalo colostrum was 4.81-6.77 CH50/ml.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Maternal selenium status in Slovenia and its impact on the selenium concentration of umbilical cord serum and colostrum.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess serum selenium (Se) level of Slovenian mothers at birth and to elucidate its impact on the Se content of umbilical cord serum of their newborns and of that of colostrum. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In sera of 20 Slovenian mothers at delivery and in the corresponding umbilical cord sera of their newborns Se concentrations were determined by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). In addition Se levels in 10 healthy female blood donors were determined. Colostrum samples of 18 mothers collected on the second and third day post partum were also investigated for their Se content. RESULTS: Serum Se concentrations of mothers showed to be 62+/-15 microg/l. Umbilical cord sera had 34+/-7 microg/l, which amounts to 55% of the maternal content. Concentrations of Se in colostrum ranged from 17 to 48 microg/l with a mean of 29+/-10 microg/l. In the sera of female blood donors the mean was 66+/-15 microg/l. A significant correlation (P<0.002) between the Se content of maternal and umbilical sera could be established. No significant correlation was found between maternal serum Se concentration and that of colostrum. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that dietary Se intake for pregnant women in Slovenia is borderline.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Improved recovery of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) from bovine colostrum using alkaline diafiltration.

Studies to develop a rapid, bioprocess-compatible method to recover low-molecular-mass growth factors from bovine colostrum are reported. Defatted bovine colostrum was subjected to tangential-flow filtration (TFF) using two different filters [polyether sulphone (PES) and regenerated cellulose (RC)] at pH 5.8, pH 8.0 and pH 8.0+0. 01 M NaCl. Single-pass TFF at pH 5.8 using a 100 kDa RC filter resulted in the loss of approx. 90% of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) to non-specific filter adsorption. Comparison of 30 kDa RC and PES filters under single-pass conditions showed that yields of IGF-1 and IGF-II were highest with RC filters. Yields of IGF-I and protein from both filter types were increased at pH 8.0 and were greatest for the 30 kDa RC filter. Effects of adding large diluent volumes continuously during TFF (diafiltration) were tested at pH 5. 0 and 8.0. The use of 10 diafiltrate vols. at pH 8.0 resulted in the recovery of 15-28% of colostral IGF-1 from the RC 30 kDa permeates, 2-4-fold greater than under acidic conditions. Yields of IGF-II (39.6%) were unaffected by pH and at least 97% of total protein was retained by the 30 kDa filter at pH 8.0. Denaturing SDS/PAGE analysis of the alkaline RC 30 kDa permeates demonstrated two major regions of stained proteins at 10-13 kDa and 17-19 kDa. Acidic TFF permeates contained additional stained proteins at approximately 90, 48 and 37 kDa. Isoelectric focusing of these samples demonstrated the presence of proteins with isoelectric points of 8.2 and 8.6. The current study demonstrates a one-step bioprocess-compatible technique for the recovery of low-molecular-mass polypeptides from bovine colostrum. By using alkaline diafiltration with RC filters TFF provided optimal recovery of IGF-1 from colostrum.

Alkalies↗

PubMed1998

Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in infants in rural Bangladesh with oral immunoglobulins from hyperimmune bovine colostrum.

BACKGROUND: Antibodies from hyperimmune bovine colostrum have been shown to be effective in treatment against a variety of microorganisms, including Helicobacter pylori in adults. AIM: To test this form of treatment in a small group of H. pylori infected children in a periurban community in Bangladesh. METHODS: Twenty-four infants, 4-29 months old (mean age 16.5+/-7.7 months) and infected with H. pylori, were treated with purified immunoglobulins from hyperimmune bovine colostrum for 1 month, in a placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot study. Diagnosis was established with 13C-urea breath test (UBT) before and after the treatment period and at a 1-month follow-up. RESULTS: None of the hyperimmune bovine colostrum-treated children became UBT negative. Five children initially positive in the UBT screening spontaneously became negative by the start of the study with hyperimmune bovine colostrum/placebo. At the end of the 1-month study period, three had became positive again. CONCLUSION: Hyperimmune bovine colostrum does not eradicate H. pylori infection in infants. Transient H. pylori infection is common among infants in high endemic areas, as is reinfection after clearance. This presents obstacles to evaluation of therapeutic investigations in young children in areas where H. pylori is prevalent.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Delayed feeding of first colostrum: are there prolonged effects on haematological, metabolic and endocrine parameters and on growth performance in calves?

To test the hypothesis that delaying first colostrum feeding of calves after birth exerts long-lasting effects on haematological, metabolic and endocrine traits and on growth performance, neonatal calves were fed first colostrum at 0-2 and 24-25 h after birth. Delayed feeding of first colostrum for 24-25 h after birth caused reduced plasma levels of total protein and globulin for up to 30 days and of insulin-like growth factor-I for up to 7 days, whereas concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids were elevated during the first day of life. There were no significant effects of delaying feeding for 24-25 h on leucocyte and erythrocyte number, packed cell volume and on haemoglobin levels and on plasma concentrations of albumin, urea, glucose, triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, insulin, growth hormone, 3.5.3'-triiodothyronine and thyroxine and on growth performance. Thus, calves fed first colostrum with a delay of 24-25 h after birth were able to compensate rapidly for nutritional deficiencies on day 1 of life, i.e. there was no evidence for permanent imprinting of haematological, metabolic and of endocrine traits by starvation on the first day of life.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed2000

Plasma amino acid pattern during the first month of life in calves fed the first colostrum at 0-2 h or at 24-25 h after birth.

Calves are born with a mostly inadequate essential amino acid (EAA) status. Studies were designed to test the hypothesis that delaying the intake of the first colostrum for 24 h, besides its early effects, also has late effects on plasma free amino acid levels and on the protein status. There were marked and rapid elevations (within 2 h) of plasma levels of various amino acids, and especially of EAA, after the intake of the first colostrum, whereas changes after the intake of mature milk on day 28 of life were mostly absent or concentrations even decreased. The EAA and non-essential amino acid (NEAA) status was rapidly normalized after intake of the first colostrum, but normal plasma levels of some amino acids were also reached during the first 24 h of life even when the first meal was withheld. Delaying colostrum intake had only transient effects on EAA and NEAA (except hydroxyproline), in contrast to its effects on plasma immunoglobulin G and total protein levels.

Amino Acids, Essential↗

PubMed2006

From birth to colostrum: early steps leading to lamb survival.

New-born lambs have limited energy reserves and need a rapid access to colostrum to maintain homeothermy and survive. In addition to energy, colostrum provides immunoglobulins which ensure passive systemic immunity. Therefore, getting early access to the udder is essential for the neonate. The results from the literature reviewed here highlight the importance of the birth site as the location where the mutual bonding between the mother and her young takes place. Attraction to birth fluids by the periparturient ewe leads to intense licking of the lamb. Grooming not only dries, cleans and stimulates the newborn it also facilitates bonding through learning of its individual odour. Ewes having twins should ideally stay on the birth site for at least six hours in order to establish a strong bond with both lambs and favour lambs survival. However, primiparous ewes or ewes having high levels of emotivity are more likely to exhibit poor maternal behaviour. In addition, difficult parturition and weather conditions have an indirect effect on the behaviour of the mother and are other major causes of lamb death. On the lamb's side, rapid access to the udder and early suckling are extremely important. Delayed lactation or insufficient colostrum yield may be fatal especially since suckling has strong rewarding properties in the establishment of a preference for the mother, which in turn increases lamb survival. Insufficient access to the udder in mothers leaving the birth site too soon after parturition, especially in twin-bearing ewes, could also partly account for the high incidence of loss of mother-young contact and subsequent death in such lambs. Strategies to improve neonatal survival should be aimed at maximising lamb vigour, colostrum production, and mutual mother-young bonding through adequate feeding in late pregnancy and selection on behaviour.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗

PubMed2003

Characterization of iron, copper and zinc levels in the colostrum of mothers of term and pre-term infants before and after pasteurization.

Pasteurization is a thermal treatment applied to the milk used in human milk banks so as to provoke the thermic inactivation of pathogenic micro-organisms, with the aim of avoiding contamination of milk that will be offered to new-born infants in clinical conditions very often demanding special care. The literature has very little data available relating to the effect of pasteurization on the concentration of oligo-elements in human milk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pasteurization on the concentrations of iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the colostrum of mothers of pre-term (PT) and term (T) infants. Samples were collected from the day of birth to the seventh day after birth. The oligo-elements were analyzed using the total reflection X-ray fluorescence technique with synchrotron radiation. The following results of Fe, Cu and Zn (means +/- SD) were obtained for the PT and T colostrum samples, non-pasteurized and pasteurized, respectively: PT: 1.96 +/- 0.73 mg/l Fe/Zn/5.39 +/- 2.73 mg/l Zn; T: 1.71 +/- 1.01 mg/l Fe/1.46 +/- 0.99 mg/l Fe, 0.54 +/- 0.29 mg/l Cu/0.49 +/- 0.19 mg/l Cu, 6.97 +/- 2.82 mg/l Zn/6.75 +/- 2.62 mg/l Zn. There was a significant reduction in the levels of Fe, Cu and Zn in the samples of pasteurized colostrum. These results suggest that, despite the observance of a diminution in the levels of Fe, Cu and Zn in the samples of pasteurized colostrum, the values fell within the acceptable range for the specific nutritional needs of new-born infants during this period of lactation.

Colostrum↗