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PubMed2006

Comment on the paper "Comparison of the measured phase diagrams in the force-temperature plane for the unzipping of two different natural DNA sequences" by C.H. Lee, C. Danilowicz, V.W. Coljee, and M. Prentiss.

The paper by Lee et al. describes the experiments on the unzipping of lambda DNA sequences as a function of force and temperature. This comment aims to stress that the unzipping takes place out of equilibrium due to high sequence-dependent free-energy barriers. The force at which a heterogeneous sequence is unzipped therefore depends on the experimental waiting time.

Base Pairing↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Health values and prospect theory: a comment.

In a recent volume of Medical Decision Making, Treadwell and Lenert stated that under prospect theory, community members compared with patients underestimate the utility of health improvements. In this comment, the authors show that this statement holds only for a subset of possible preference functions. Furthermore, the authors provide arguments that, in general, the rater's current health state is not the appropriate reference level if applying prospect theory to health valuations.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed2002

Comments on the Jayjock et al. paper.

Establishing hormesis as an evolution-based biological phenomenon requires a broad discussion of its implications for currently used risk paradigms. The Jayjock et al. papers provide an industrial hygienist's perspective and, as such, represent a valuable contribution to this discussion. Our comments outline a toxicologist's view on the limits and practicability of the Jayjock et al. suggestions. The arguments are primarily based on the shape of dose and time responses and associated variabilities and uncertainties.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Hormesis and risk communication: a comment to Ortwin Renn.

Professor Ortwin Renn should be congratulated for authoring the definitive piece on risk communication with regard to hormesis. Most of his conclusions I agree with, specifically the importance of labelling hormesis as a possible natural effect, thereby reducing the stigmatization associated with a technical/chemical label. Rather than discussing all the points that Renn raises, in this comment I will focus on the issue of trust, a topic that Renn does examine but which I feel does not get adequate attention and which I do not completely agree with. In so doing, in my conclusions I am more optimistic than Renn is in preparing risk communication strategies regarding hormesis and other new paradigms to target audiences (defined in most instances as the general public and stakeholders).

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Comments on "the Rorschach M response: a return to its roots".

These comments address three interrelated issues posed in Kramer's article concerning Rorschach's definition of the M response and the criteria for M that is applied in the Comprehensive System, the possibility that M may be overscored by the criteria for the Comprehensive System, and the issue of whether the Rorschach is amenable to quantification and empirical scrutiny. Kramer has oversimplified and misconstrued statements by Rorschach, Beck, and Bohm; in reality, the criterion for the scoring of M responses in the Comprehensive System differs very little, if at all, from that suggested by Rorschach. The accumulated history of the test seems to confirm that it is amenable to quantification and empirical scrutiny.

Humans↗

PubMed2001

Coming to grips with negative evidence for the Comprehensive System for the Rorschach: a comment on Gacono, Loving, and Bodholdt; Ganellen; and Bornstein.

The Comprehensive System (CS; Exner, 1991, 1993) for the Rorschach is currently engulfed in controversy. This comment article responds to 3 articles by Rorschach proponents in this issue of the Journal of Personality Assessment. Contrary to the claims of Gacono, Loving, and Bodholdt (this issue), CS scores do not bear a well-demonstrated relationship to psychopathy, antisocial personality disorder, or conduct disorder. Contrary to the claims of Ganellen (this issue), both the original and the revised CS Depression Index (Exner, 1993) bear little or no relationship to depression diagnoses. Furthermore, the scoring reliability of some CS scores is problematic. Although we agree with Bornstein (this issue) that Rorschach scores generally bear little or no relation to psychiatric diagnoses or self-report questionnaires, we believe this lack of relationship tends to disconfirm hypotheses concerning the validity of the Rorschach. In the spirit of the philosopher Sir Karl Popper, the Rorschach community should not minimize negative evidence or engage in post hoc arguments to immunize the CS against falsification.

Humans↗

PubMed2006

Bridging the divide: comments on the Restructured Clinical Scales of the MMPI-2.

In this comment, I discuss the target articles written by Nichols (2006/this issue) and Rogers, Sewell, Harrison, and Jordan (2006/this issue) regarding the Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales (Tellegen et al., 2003) of the MMPI-2 (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989). Both articles provide thoughtful discussion of the extent to which the RC Scales achieved the primary goals set forth by Tellegen et al., but they set different tones and come to somewhat different conclusions. I argue that the initial studies conducted on the RC Scales suggest a promising future for them. However, further studies are needed to explore the construct validity of the scales, assess their incremental validity with respect to other more established MMPI-2 scale sets, and determine their interpretive meaning in clinical contexts.

Humans↗

PubMed2006

Syndromal complexity, paradigm shifts, and the future of validation research: comments on Nichols and Rogers, Sewell, Harrison, and Jordan.

In this comment, I address a number of the points raised in the reviews of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC; Tellegen et al., 2003) Scales by Nichols (2006/this issue) and Rogers, Sewell, Harrison, and Jordan (2006/this issue), and I advocate for changes in assessment validation research. There is little evidence that the "syndromal complexity" Nichols ascribes to the original MMPI-2 (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) Clinical Scales is worth preserving. Although their construction does not constitute the paradigm shift claimed by Rogers et al., the RC Scales are promising, psychometrically defensible measures of core features of the original MMPI-2 Clinical Scales. However, validation of inferences from multiscale inventories such as the MMPI-2 is limited at present by a disconnection between the integrative manner in which MMPI-2 profiles are interpreted and the scale-by-scale nature of most MMPI-2 validation studies. Q-sort procedures show promise for operationalizing integrated MMPI-2 interpretations, with both research and teaching applications.

Humans↗

PubMed2002

Comment on the utility of the ADDGS evaluation for policy and practice.

This article comments on the policy and practice implications of findings from research on the Administration on Aging's Alzheimer's Disease Demonstration Grants to States program. Evaluation of fifteen state grantees has produced extensive knowledge about diverse patterns of service use, factors related to service use a nd satisfaction, mechanisms for developing home- and community-based services appropriate for various cultural groups, and ways to adapt established programs and integrate new services into existing systems and networks. Utilizing the general lessons from the Alzheimer's Demonstration program evaluation in program and policy development in aging is discussed.

Alzheimer Disease↗

PubMed2003

Comment: Influence of illuminating beyond the object support on Zernike-type phase contrast filtering.

In this comment, we clarify some serious misinterpretations that can arise from an uncritical use of the results presented in [Appl. Opt. 41, 2607, (2002)]. In particular, we point out that their suggestion of using "illumination beyond the object support" for measuring phase disturbances can result in distorted or strongly inaccurate interference patterns. We also point out that Llave and Castillo have misinterpreted our previous work describing the effect of phase object fill factor on the output interference patterns, which is in fact one of the key factors considered in the generalized phase contrast (GPC) method. Unlike the Zernike method, the GPC method results in an optimized visualization of the phase disturbance by the achievement of a matching condition between the applied filter and the spatial average of a given phase disturbance, thereby implying the optimal use of fill factor information.

Comment↗

PubMed2003

Comment: absolute measurement of roughness and lateral-correlation length of random surfaces by use of the simplified model of image-speckle contrast.

This comment demonstrates several errors in the derivation of speckle contrast and corresponding measurements reported by Cheng et at. (Appl. Opt. 41, 4148 (2002)] for a 4f optical system. In particular, the theoretical derivation is wrong: It is used outside of its domain of validity, and the experimental results do not support the theoretical analysis.

Comment↗

PubMed2003

Axial irradiance distribution throughout the whole space behind an annular aperture: comments.

We comment on the recent paper by Harvey and Krywonos [Appl. Opt. 41, 3790-3795 (2002)], in which approximate irradiance calculations along the axis of a circular aperture illuminated by a plane wave are performed. As the starting point of their calculations, an approximated version (valid for z >> lambda) of the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral is used. They based their numerical conclusions on a misleading "near field criterion," which guides the readers to the wrong idea that their calculations are valid even for the very near field behind the aperture. Their ideas are not original; the exact calculations of diffracted fields behind a circular aperture have been known for 40 years.

Comment↗

PubMed2004

Comment on "Phase-shift extraction and wave-front reconstruction in phase-shifting interferometry with arbitrary phase steps".

We comment on the recent Letter by Cai et al. [Opt. Lett. 28, 1808 (2003)] in which an approach to phase-shifting interferometry with arbitrary phase steps was proposed. Cai et al. based their method of phase shifting on the idea that the intensities of the reference and object beams can be measured previously, which actually makes the whole posterior phase-shifting procedure absolutely unnecessary. Their method is also based on the statement that the phase of the Fresnel diffraction pattern of a test object if generally a spatially random distribution, which in most situations is wrong.

Comment↗

PubMed2004

Comment on "Optical-fiber-based Mueller optical coherence tomography".

We comment on the recent Letter by Jiao et al. [Opt. Lett. 28, 1206 (2003)] in which a polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography system was presented. Interrogating a sample with two orthogonal incident polarization states cannot always recover birefringence correctly. A previously presented fiber-based polarization-sensitive system was inaccurately characterized, and its method of eliminating the polarization distortion caused by single-mode optical fiber was presented earlier by Saxer et al. [Opt. Lett. 25, 1355 (2000)].

Algorithms↗

PubMed2005

Comment on "microstructured polymer fiber laser".

We comment on the recent Letter by Argyros et al. [Opt. Lett. 29, 1882 (2004)] in which a microstructured polymer fiber doped with the dye Rhodamine 6G was discussed as a possible fiber laser source. We suggest that the lasing action at 632 nm was due to stimulated Raman scattering in the poly(methyl methacrylate) host material.

Comment↗

PubMed2006

Comment on "Fringe projection profilometry with nonparallel illumination: a least-squares approach".

We comment on the recent Letter by Chen and Quan [Opt. Lett.30, 2101 (2005)] in which a least-squares approach was proposed to cope with the nonparallel illumination in fringe projection profilometry. It is noted that the previous mathematical derivations of the fringe pitch and carrier phase functions on the reference plane were incorrect. In addition, we suggest that the variation of carrier phase along the vertical direction should be considered.

Comment↗

PubMed2006

Comment on "Exact solution of resonant modes in a rectangular resonator".

We comment on the recent Letter by J. Wu and A. Liu [Opt. Lett. 31, 1720 (2006)] in which an exact scalar solution to the resonant modes and the resonant frequencies in a two-dimensional rectangular microcavity were presented. The analysis is incorrect because (a) the field solutions were imposed to satisfy simultaneously both Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions at the four sides of the rectangle, leading to an overdetermined problem, and (b) the modes in the cavity were expanded using an incorrect series ansatz, leading to an expression for the mode fields that does not satisfy the Helmholtz equation.

Comment↗

PubMed2006

Comment on "Reconstruction algorithm for high-numerical-aperture holograms with diffraction-limited resolution".

We comment on a recent Letter by Zhang et al. [Opt. Lett. 31, 1633 (2006)] in which the authors proposed a reconstruction algorithm for high-numerical-aperture (NA) holograms. Such an algorithm has been available for in-line holography for more than a decade. The authors' "achievement" of high NA for digital in-line holography, NA=0.17, is below what was reported already several years ago (NA=0.30) and is considerably lower than what is routinely achieved now. We present reconstructions of holograms acquired with NAs above 0.4 in which we show maximal achievable resolution.

Comment↗