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At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Can dietary treatment of non-anemic iron deficiency improve iron status?

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of, first, a dietary regimen involving increased consumption of iron-rich foods and enhancers of iron absorption and decreased consumption of inhibitors of iron absorption and, second, a low dose iron chelate iron supplement, for increasing iron stores in young adult New Zealand women with mild iron deficiency (MID). METHODS: The study was a 16 week randomized placebo-controlled intervention. Seventy-five women aged 18 to 40 years with MID (serum ferritin < 20 microg/L and hemoglobin > or = 120 g/L) were assigned to one of three groups: Placebo, Supplement (50 mg iron/day as amino acid chelate) or Diet. Participants in the Diet Group were given individual dietary counseling to increase the intake and bioavailability of dietary iron. Dietary changes were monitored by a previously validated computer-administered iron food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: Diet Group members significantly increased their intake of flesh foods, heme iron, vitamin C and foods cooked using cast-iron cookware and significantly decreased their phytate and calcium intakes. Serum ferritin increased in the Supplement and Diet Groups by 59% (p=0.001) and 26% (p=0.068), respectively, in comparison to the Placebo Group. The serum transferrin receptor:serum ferritin ratio decreased by 51% in the Supplement Group (p=0.001), and there was a non-significant decrease of 22% (p=0.1232) in the Diet Group. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate that an intensive dietary program has the potential to improve the iron status of women with iron deficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Burns associated with the use of microwave ovens.

This article reviews published reports of conventional and radiation burns associated with the use of microwave ovens. Conventional food burns can result from the ingestion of microwave heated food because consumers may overlook the differential temperature gradients within foods and between the food and the container. There are reports of accidental radiation injury associated with the use of microwave ovens, but they are difficult to evaluate because these reports lack definitive clinical data and verification of the actual radiation exposures. Only one study has provided useful insight into the clinical features of microwave radiation burns compared to conventional burns.

Burns↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The influence of knife dullness on poultry processing operator exertions and the effectiveness of periodic knife steeling.

A novel procedure is described to establish knife steeling schedules for poultry and meat- processing operations based on increased force due to knife dullness from repetitive use to minimize operator exertions and physical stress associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Knife dullness was quantified using a novel apparatus described in this article that measures the area cut by a knife into a carrageenan gel target for a controlled dynamic load at the knife handle. Two meat-cleaning jobs in a poultry-processing plant were studied. One job required significantly more force and a greater number of cuts than the other. Eight experienced operators participated in the study. Four freshly ground and honed knives were randomly used by each operator for 4, 45, 75, or 125 cutting cycles, measured for dullness and reconditioned by the operator using a steel sharpening rod. An empirical model for knife dulling and reconditioning was developed, and the corresponding increase in force was predicted for various cutting and reconditioning frequencies. The model showed that it took 57 and 125 cutting cycles for the high- and low-force jobs, respectively, to achieve a similar reduction in target surface area of 30%. This reduction in target surface area corresponded to a similar percentage increase in force needed for the same cut in carrageenan gel as compared to a freshly honed knife as measured using strain gages. This method may be used in meat processing plants for determining effective reconditioning schedules that reduce operator exertions with minimum effect on quality and productivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effect of cooking temperature on the formation of heterocyclic amines in fried meat products and pan residues.

Frequent consumers of meat have an increased risk of colorectal cancer and possibly also of breast, stomach, pancreas and urinary bladder cancer. Bacon, 'Falusausage', ground beef, meatballs, pork belly, pork chops and sliced beef account for more than one-third of the intake of fried meat of the population of Stockholm of age 50-75. These dishes were fried at four temperatures (150, 175, 200 and 225 degrees C) representing normal household cooking practices in Stockholm. Heterocyclic amines in these dishes were analysed using solid-phase extraction and HPLC. The heterocyclic amines 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (DiMeIQx) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) were recovered. The formation of IQ was favoured by moderate cooking temperatures; IQ was detected in one meat sample cooked at 150 degrees C and in some pan residues. The yield of MeIQx, DiMeIQx and PhIP increased with the temperature. For several of the meat dishes, the content of heterocyclic amines in the pan residue was as large or larger than for corresponding piece of meat. The highest levels of MeIQx were 23.7 ng/g in the meat and 23.3 ng/g in the pan residue. Corresponding data for DiMeIQx were 2.7 and 4.1 ng/g and for PhIP 12.7 and 82.4 ng/g. The study leaves little doubt that mutagenic heterocyclic amines are ingested by the population of Stockholm, and added to previous epidemiological studies from the same area, the combined data are consistent with human carcinogenicity of heterocyclic amines. However, analytical epidemiological studies are needed before any statement on causality can be made.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Lead Absorption in a community of potters in Barbados.

In a community of potters in Barbados where lead glazes traditionally have been used, a survey of 12 potters, 19 of their family members, and 24 controls revealed elevated blood lead levels in the potters, their family members, and the neighbours who used pottery for culinary purposes. Dust from the potters' homes and work areas contained lead in concentrations up to 320,000 ppm. Pottery was found to have lead release levels up to 3,125 microgram/ml. Six people had upper extremity tremor associated with elevated blood lead levels. This survey demonstrates the risk of using lead glazes in pottery production to family members of potters as well as the potters themselves and emphasizes the need for surveillance of occupational hazards in developing countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study of the effectiveness of commercially available drink test coasters for the detection of "date rape" drugs in beverages.

The use of illicit substances for the purpose of drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) poses a significant problem. There has been an increase in public awareness of this problem, and a recent invention in the form of a drink coaster claims to detect whether or not a beverage has been spiked with a so-called date rape drug. A person is instructed to place a drop of the suspect beverage onto two spots of the test, smear gently, and wait until dry. If either spot turns to a darker blue color, then a possible date rape drug has been detected by the coaster test. In an effort to determine the effectiveness of the coasters, various drugs that have been associated with drug-facilitated sexual assault were tested at different concentrations in a variety of common alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. It was found that although the coasters do detect the presence of GHB and ketamine, two drugs that have been associated with DFSA, there are limiting factors such as the high concentration of the drugs required, hindrance of the reaction due to beverage matrix, and extensive time requirements for ketamine analysis.

Beverages↗
PubMed1993

Distribution of container-inhabiting Aedes larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) at a dengue focus in Thailand.

A Thai village with dengue transmission was surveyed for Aedes aegypti (L.) and Ae. albopictus (Skuse) larvae at the end of the rainy season. All containers (1,819) in 186 households were surveyed, recording the presence of larvae, container type, level of water, kind of cover, and location. The number of positive containers was proportional to the total number of containers in a household. Standard water jars (approximately 200 liters) contributed 57% and small water jars (< 100 liters) contributed 16% of the total infested containers. Each of the other 10 container types contributed < or = 10% of the total infested containers and were not statistically different from each other. Containers inside houses were infested significantly more often than were those outdoors, those under elevated houses or roofs, or those in bathrooms. Unexpectedly, standard water jars located outdoors that were covered with commercial metal lids were infested significantly more often than were uncovered jars.

Aedes↗
PubMed1998

Iron nutritional status is improved in Brazilian preterm infants fed food cooked in iron pots.

To determine the efficacy of cooking food in iron pots to prevent anemia in premature infants, a longitudinal study on iron nutritional status was conducted in preterm, healthy infants from families of low socioeconomic level between mo 4 and 12 of life. The infants were divided randomly into two groups. The study group consisted of 22 infants whose food was cooked in iron pots; the control group consisted of 23 infants whose food was cooked in aluminum pots. Supplemental iron [2 mg/(kg.d)] was recommended from 15 d to 12 mo of age for both groups. At 12 mo of age, the group fed food cooked in iron pots had significantly better hematologic values than the group fed food cooked in aluminum pots. Differences included hemoglobin (116 +/- 16 vs. 103 +/- 20 g/L, P = 0.02), hematocrit (0.35 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.31 +/- 0.05, P = 0.005), mean corpuscular volume (72.1 +/- 10.4 vs. 62.7 +/- 11.1 fL, P = 0.005), free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (0.78 +/- 0.60 vs. 1.46 +/- 0.94 mol/L, P = 0.006) and serum ferritin (median 5 vs. 0 g/L, P = 0.001). No significant differences between groups were observed in serum iron concentration, total iron-binding capacity or transferrin saturation. Iron deficiency anemia (hemoglobin </= 110 g/L) was observed in 36.4% (8 of 22) of infants in the group fed food cooked in iron pots and in 73.9% (17 of 23) of the infants fed food cooked in aluminum pots (P = 0.03). These results indicate that the iron added to food cooked in iron pots is bioavailable. However, this increased iron availability was insufficient to satisfy the high iron requirements of this group of preterm infants.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1992

A comment on the 1990 recommendations of the ICRP.

ICRP Publication 60 recommends a change relating to the numerical assessment of radiation quality in radiation protection. The quality factor, Q, is to be replaced by "radiation weighting factors," WR, and the quantity "effective dose equivalent" is to be supplanted by "effective dose." Reasons are given why it is virtually impossible to measure this quantity and why it appears unavoidable that practical measurements will continue to be based on the current system. No sensible justification was provided for the proposed change, which is likely to cause confusion.

Acetates↗
PubMed1992

Leaching of uranium from glass and ceramic foodware and decorative items.

Beginning as early as the first century A. D. and continuing until at least the 1970s, uranium was used as a coloring agent in glass and in ceramic glazes. The leaching of uranium from such items is of interest as some were designed for food storage or serving. Thirty-three glass items and two ceramic items were leached sequentially with deionized water, dilute acetic acid, and 1 M nitric acid to assess realistic and worst-case scenario leaching by foods and beverages. The maximum quantity of uranium leached from the uranium-bearing glasses was about 30 micrograms L-1, while that from the ceramic-glazed items was about 300,000 micrograms L-1.

Acetates↗
PubMed2001

222Rn emanation from uranium-glazed ceramics.

Orange-red uranium-glazed dinnerware was found to emanate 222Rn to produce an average of less than 0.1 Bq 222Rn decay per piece, which should have no associated health risks. Comparison of 222Rn emanation to 226Ra in glazes (measured by alpha spectrometry) indicated inefficient emanation (<5%) of 222Rn, consistent with the low radon levels observed and with the presence of 222Rn progeny in glazes. These studies also showed that reagent grade uranium compounds may emanate measurable 222Rn.

Ceramics↗
PubMed1983

Aluminum and Alzheimer's disease.

There are many medical conditions that increase brain Al concentrations without producing the dementia or neuronal degeneration (with "paired-helical filaments" [PHFs]) typical of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aluminum accumulations have been found in the nuclei of PHF-containing neurons in the brains of AD patients and elderly normal controls. We have, however, found no elevations of Al concentrations in the serum, cerebrospinal fluid, or hair in AD patients. These findings suggest that Al alone is not a "cause" of AD. Aluminum may be just a "marker" of PHF-bearing neurons, or AD patients may be "vulnerable" to Al neurotoxicity on the basis of some other neuronal dysfunction allowing Al to enter neuronal nuclei. It is too soon to tell whether any of the variety of experimental anti-Al approaches currently being evaluated have any effect on the rate of progression of AD symptoms.

Aluminum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of feeding history of children with Indian childhood cirrhosis and paired controls.

One hundred prospectively studied children with Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC) in Pune District, India, differed from 100 matched controls with respect to feeding history. Animal milk was used in all ICC cases but not in 27 controls. It had been started by 3 months in 63 cases and by 6 months in 82 cases of ICC, as compared with 15 and 25 controls. Twenty-four ICC cases received no breast feeding, and 45 and 60 were breast fed for less than 3 and less than 6 months, respectively; only 10 control children were breast fed for less than 6 months. All ICC children's feeds had been in contact with brass vessels. Copper vessels were used for water carriage with equal frequency in cases and controls. Girls predominated amongst healthy older siblings of cases. Ninety-one healthy siblings of cases had been fed similarly to controls. Three pairs of twins with similar feeding histories died with ICC, whereas two pairs were discordant for feeding and outcome. Hepatic copper loading in ICC is attributable to copper contamination of early animal milk feeds.

Animals↗