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PubMed1996

Posterior composites for modern operative dentistry.

This paper presents an overview of the role of composite posterior restorations. Composites perform well as a first treatment approach to dental caries and may keep teeth free from recurrent caries. They are less successful when used as replacements for existing amalgam restorations. Use of indirect composite inlays may prevent or delay the additional tooth destruction necessitated by full-coverage restorations.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1997

Clinical morphology of the mesial fossa of the maxillary first permanent molar in relation to operative dentistry.

The purpose of this in vivo study was to identify a previously unreported occlusal enamel ridges in the mesial fossa of the maxillary first permanent molars by using caries detector dye. Seventy two maxillary right and left first permanent molars of thirty-six patients were examined in this study. Horizontal linear measurements in millimeters, location, and shape of the occlusal ridge in the mesial fossa were examined clinically and were compared to the transverse ridge in a percentage form. Five occlusal enamel ridges with different locations, and pathways were detected in addition to the transverse ridge, two major ridges (> 33.33% of the transverse ridge) and three minor ridges (< 33.33%) of the transverse ridge). There were symmetrical patterns of the ridges between right and left maxillary first permanent molars (80.5%).

Contraindications↗
PubMed2001

Photography and the operating microscope in dentistry.

Operating microscopes have been used in various medical surgical procedures for many decades, but they have only significantly been in use in dentistry during the past 10 years. While microscope use in dentistry started mainly in endodontics and spread rapidly to periodontics and oral surgery, restorative dentists have recently been discovering the advantages of microscope. These advantages include tremendously increased visibility and lighting, much improved ergonomics and posture, enhanced ability to utilize assistants, and, because of these factors, a significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment results. The increased visibility has also prompted the adoption of various photographic devices to the operating microscope, from traditional 35 mm photography to video and digital media, both still and motion. The purpose of this article is to discuss and demonstrate some of the photographic options that can readily be adapted to this new instrument of modern dental practice.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Buonocore Memorial Lecture. Dentin caries: progression and clinical management.

A fundamental issue of restorative treatment is assessing the different conditions of cases not only from tooth-to-tooth but also from the activity of each caries lesion and the size of the cavity. In addition, restorative treatment is sometimes carried out for prosthetic and cosmetic purposes and involves cutting sound, unaffected dentin. These aspects are outlined in classic textbooks and are based on the principles described by Black (1908). However, each factor and its relative importance has changed over the years. Significant time has been devoted to improving the important technical aspects of performing restorative treatment. Traditionally, these aspects have primarily been related to cavity design, choice of restorative material and the clinical procedures involved. In this context, Dr Michael Buonocore's contributions must be recognized because the adhesive technique he introduced has become an integral part of modern operative dentistry. Operative dentistry today also focuses on cavity design and selecting restorative materials. Less effort has been placed on incorporating what is known about the pattern of caries progression and how it relates to caries removal or excavation. Although the reaction pattern of the pulp-dentin organ is quite different in terms of the nature of active (rapid-progressing) and arrested (slow-progressing) lesions, no widespread major distinction has been made regarding the different restorative treatment approaches in these situations. This presentation updates the progression and clinical management of dentin caries and how it relates to treating deep caries lesions.

Dental Bonding↗
PubMed1994

Periodontal considerations in restorative dentistry. 1: Operative considerations.

Restorative dentistry may be defined as the branch of dentistry that deals with the restoration or replacement of lost tooth structure, teeth or oral tissues. The practice of restorative dentistry has a reciprocal relationship with the maintenance of periodontal health. Untreated periodontal disease will compromise the success of restorative dentistry, and poor restorative treatment may have adverse effects on the periodontium by increasing accumulation of plaque and inducing changes in the composition of the plaque flora. Excessive occlusal stress and direct physical injury to the gingiva produced by the various dental procedures may also affect periodontal health. This is the first of two articles to look in depth at the periodontal considerations necessary in restorative dentistry, and covers the factors important in operative dentistry. The second article, which will be published in a later issue, will look at the situation with regard to prosthodontics.

Crowns↗
PubMed2003

Use of surgical telescopes by senior dental students: a survey.

This survey examined the use of surgical telescopes (STs) in a large senior dental student class. The percentage of students who purchased STs, factors that influenced those purchases, frequency/patterns of use, and purchase satisfaction were investigated. The survey return rate was 85.3% (128 of 150). Among the respondents, 86% had purchased STs and 14% had not. The most frequent motive for ST purchase was advice received from others (43%); ergonomic reasons were cited by 21% of users. Fixed-lens designs were selected more frequently (70%) than flip-down systems (30%). Nearly all ST purchases were made during the first year of dental school (95%), and low-power magnification (x 2-2.5) was chosen by 88% of purchasers. STs were used more often for operative dentistry, fixed prosthodontics, endodontics, and pediatric dentistry than for practice in other disciplines. ST users expressed a high level of satisfaction with their purchases (84%). The most common reason given for not purchasing STs was being able to see well enough without them (9 of 18; 50%).

Attitude↗
PubMed2004

A review of contemporary impression materials and techniques.

The contemporary restorative dentist has a host of impression materials available for making impressions in fixed prosthodontics,implant dentistry, and operative dentistry. With proper material selection and manipulation, accurate impressions can be obtained for fabrication of tooth- and implant-supported restorations. This article outlines the ideal properties of impression materials and explains the importance of critical manipulative variables. Available impression materials are analyzed relative to these variables, and several "specialized" impression techniques are described. Special attention is paid to polyvinyl siloxane impression materials because they have become the most widely used impression material in restorative dentistry.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed2006

Teaching of posterior composite resin restorations in undergraduate dental schools in Ireland and the United Kingdom.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the current teaching of posterior composite resin restorations to undergraduate dental students in Ireland and the United Kingdom (UK). The investigation was a follow-up to a survey undertaken in 1997. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was distributed by e-mail to the Heads of Departments of Restorative Dentistry/Units of Operative Dentistry in each of the 15 dental schools with undergraduate dental degree programmes in Ireland and the UK. The questionnaire sought information relating to the teaching of posterior composite resin restorations in each dental school. RESULTS: Fifteen completed questionnaires were returned (response rate = 100%). All schools (n = 15) taught the placement of composite resin restorations in occlusal cavities, 14 schools taught composite resin placement in two-surface occlusoproximal cavities and nine schools taught composite resin placement in three-surface occlusoproximal cavities. Respondents anticipated that the amount of preclinical teaching of posterior composite resin placement will increase twofold over the next 5 years, whilst the corresponding teaching of amalgam will fall to two-thirds its current level. Variation was found between dental schools in the teaching of the principles of cavity design, contraindications to placement, indications for lining and basing techniques, matrix and wedging techniques, and the use of curing lights. CONCLUSIONS: The amount of teaching of posterior composite resin restorations in undergraduate dental schools in Ireland and the UK has increased since the time of a previous survey in 1997. Composite resin may soon equal or overtake amalgam as the material of choice when restoring posterior cavities in Irish and UK dental schools. There was, however, much variation in the nature and extent of the teaching and the techniques taught.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed2000

Teaching of posterior composite restorations in Japanese dental schools.

AIM: This study was conducted to assess the teaching programmes for Class I and II composite restorations in Japanese dental schools to obtain an overview of what is being taught, the relative teaching volume, the criteria for the provision of posterior composite restorations and the placement techniques taught. DESIGN: Questionnaire forms mailed to the operative dentistry teaching departments in all 29 Japanese dental schools. RESULTS: The response rate was 93 per cent, with replies from 27 of the 29 dental schools. Twenty-five (93 per cent) responding schools taught the use of Class I and two schools stated that they did not teach the use of posterior composite restorations. One of the two schools had no plan to teach posterior composites within the next five years. The other school did not answer this question. Most schools anticipated that the proportion of teaching time devoted to posterior composite restorations would increase within the next five years. Diversities and similarities between teaching programmes were noted between Japanese, North American and European dental schools, the Japanese programmes being closer to those in Europe than those in North America. CONCLUSION: The diversities in the teaching of posterior composite restorations in Japanese dental schools are as great as in other parts of the world. Such diversities must affect the overall quality of restorations in general practice.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2004

Cariology in Japanese dental schools.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the teaching of cariology in Japanese dental schools. DESIGN: Postal questionnaires were sent to all Japanese dental schools. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-five of the 29 Japanese dental schools (response rate: 86%). RESULTS: The results were in many areas similar to those reported from North America. The non-surgical approach to the management of primary caries predominated, but no schools used bacteriological tests in caries diagnosis and only one school recommended antibacterial treatment. Four of the 25 responding schools advocated the treatment of primary enamel lesions by surgical intervention while three awaited operative intervention until the lesions had reached the middle third of the dentine. Recommendation of fluoride treatment was less common than in North America. The use of electronic devices to diagnose occlusal caries lesions was more common than in North America, but 'explorer catch' was the most frequently used method to diagnose primary and secondary caries in dental schools in both regions. CONCLUSION: Research in cariology over the years has led to altered views on how and when to treat caries lesions. The interpretation of research findings and the transfer of knowledge by teachers in dental schools have an impact on the practice of operative dentistry, but the diversity in the teaching of cariology indicates that the interpretation and implementation of modern principles in the treatment of caries differ quite markedly in Japanese dental schools.

Curriculum↗