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PubMed1995

On the impediments to innovation in the European assistive technology industry.

This paper identifies and analyses some critical aspects of the European assistive technology industry which characterize innovation and determine its type, direction and diffusion. It is argued that innovation in this field is restricted because of (i) the limited and inefficient interaction between certain distinctive market elements, namely research, development, production, trade, service delivery, procurement and usage; (ii) the structural characteristics and general economic environment of the European assistive technology market; and (iii) the lack of a concise set of complementary and supportive actions towards the promotion of an environment favourable to industrial innovation and the transfer of new technology towards the European assistive technology market. The major conclusion from the investigation of the above factors is that innovation is not well served, while the limited innovative activity which is currently observed takes place mainly within institutions where the overall level of research seems to be concentrated and is of an occasional rather than permanent nature. Typically, this limited amount of innovation originates outside the assistive technology market and takes the form of 'induced' innovation.

Commerce↗
PubMed1995

Predictors of nurse adoption of a computerized information system as an innovation.

This descriptive study focused on factors that influence the diffusion and adoption of an innovation after it is first introduced to members of a social system. A dearth of knowledge exists in this area regarding nurses as adopters and information technology as the innovation. The purpose of the study was to explore a set of individual, technological, and organizational characteristics as predictors of hospital nurse adoption of a computerized information system (CIS) as an innovation. A computerized system for staffing, scheduling and productivity management was selected as the innovation. The sample included 193 staff nurses and 34 nurse managers in one large teaching research hospital. A self-report written survey method was used to test a set of 12 independent variables in relation to innovation adoption. Using multiple regression analysis, 50% of the variance in adoption was explained by all 12 predictors (p < .001). The results suggest that focus on the perceived advantages of an innovation, the perceived need, values held by peers regarding the innovation and use of communication mechanisms facilitate nurse adoption of a computerized information system as an innovation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The diffusion and use of diagnostic imaging equipment in France. The limits of regulation.

The paper presents a French national survey on diagnostic imaging equipment and activity showing that conventional x-ray radiology still dominates and that the rate of diffusion of technological innovations has been very different, being slower than in other industrialized countries for such technologies as CT scanners, nuclear medicine, and magnetic resonance imaging, but on the other hand, very quick for ultrasound and digital angiography. The variety of regulations for this equipment, although it plays an important role, is not sufficient to explain these differences in the rate of diffusion. The paper shows that other explanatory variables must be taken into account, at least in the French context: the situation of the domestic biomedical industry, the relations between private and public sectors of health care delivery, and even the "technical" culture and tradition of French radiologists.

Communication↗
PubMed1993

Diffusion of minimally invasive therapy in The Netherlands.

In the context of the European project, the diffusion of 10 selected cases of minimally invasive therapy (MIT) in the Dutch health care system was documented and analyzed. In each case the diffusion pattern resulting from the balance of stimulating and impeding factors is described, and summarized in a matrix framework. Budgetary pressures, lack of evidence on effectiveness and physician conservatism are the most important factors impeding diffusion of MIT. Patient demand, media reporting and presence of medical innovators are important diffusion-stimulating factors. Finally, a judgment is made on the policy implications of these findings, based on a comparison of the extent and speed of the diffusion of each case, the quality of evidence on effectiveness and cost-effectiveness and, in a few cases, existing policies. In most cases, more active policy making, either stimulating or otherwise guiding diffusion, would be desirable.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed2006

Disseminating evidence-based practices in substance abuse treatment: a review with suggestions.

Although substance abuse professionals are generally open to new and better therapeutic methods, most evidence-based treatments do not easily find their way into practice. Natural diffusion processes for innovations in substance abuse treatments are relatively informal and have yielded a widely acknowledged gap between science and community practice. This review focuses on methods for effectively disseminating new treatment methods into practice. Therapist manuals and one-time workshops are in themselves relatively ineffective in helping practitioners gain proficiency in new clinical approaches. Individual performance feedback and coaching improve the acquisition of clinical skills. Specific incentives for implementation may also be needed to encourage treatment providers, programs, and systems to adopt new approaches.

Behavior Therapy↗