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PubMed1986

Drinking behavior of high risk college men: contradictory preliminary findings.

Seventeen high risk and seventeen low risk college-aged men were compared with respect to drinking behavior/problems and certain implicated personality characteristics. The low risk subjects were, surprisingly, found to drink and become intoxicated more frequently than high risk subjects. They also reported significantly higher sensation seeking scores. This latter variable accounted for the greatest amount of variance in both risk status and frequency of drinking. By contrast, high risk subjects reported somewhat more lifetime alcohol-related symptomatology and significantly more preadult antisocial symptoms. Preadult antisocial symptoms, alone, explained 39% and 29%, respectively, of the variance in alcohol-related symptoms and the amount consumed on a typical drinking day. The implications and limitations of the findings with respect to the development of alcoholism are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The effects of videotaped modeling and self-confrontation on the drinking behavior of alcoholics.

Alcoholics were exposed to behavior counseling alone (N =10), or behavior counseling with either videotape self-confrontation (N = 10) or role-modeling (N = 10), and compared to alcoholics receiving standard inpatient treatment (N =10). Immediate alternation of drinking topographies and posttreatment follow-up drinking dispositions served as dependent variables. Subjects receiving videotape self-confrontation achieved greater positive changes in posttreatment drinking analysis sessions than did other treatment groups. Follow-up probes suggested superiority of the experimental treatments in general, and particularly videotape self-confrontation. Performance in the posttreatment analysis sessions was predictive of follow-up drinking status (p less thann .05).

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Social context, perceived norms and drinking behavior in young people.

An anonymous questionnaire was administered to 1,283 middle school/high school students and 930 college students. The students responded to instruments assessing social context of drinking, perceived norms of drinking, alcohol use intensity, and frequencies of impaired driving (DWI) and riding with an impaired driver (RWID). Canonical correlation analyses revealed that in middle school/high school students, there are discernable patterns of association between social context, perceived norm and alcohol abuse measures. Drinking intensity for self was closely related to several social context variables and perceptions of close friends' drinking intensity, whereas RWID and DWI frequencies for self were most strongly associated with different perceived norm variables. Among college students, findings from a canonical analysis showed that both social context and perceived norm variables were related to drinking intensity, though there were not multiple patterns of association among subsets of variables. Overall, the findings indicate that alcohol consumption has linkages to both social context and perceived norms. In contrast, DWI and RWID are closely related only to normative influences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Stress-related eating and drinking behavior and body mass index and predictors of this behavior.

BACKGROUND: Earlier studies on stress and obesity have not considered coping in situations involving stress. This study examines the associations between stress-related eating and drinking and obesity and the factors predicting this behavior. Predictive factors include risk factors for adult obesity, longitudinal socioeconomic status, and perceived social support. METHODS: A longitudinal, population-based study of 2,359 men and 2,791 women born in 1966 in Northern Finland was conducted. RESULTS: The body mass index at 31 years was highest among stress-driven eaters and drinkers, especially among women. Stress-driven eaters tended to eat sausages, hamburgers and pizza, and chocolate more frequently than other people. Stress-driven eaters consumed more alcohol than other people. The best predictors of stress-related eating and drinking among men age 31 years were being single or divorced, a long history of unemployment, an academic degree, and a low level of occupational education. Among women, the best predictor was a lack of emotional support. CONCLUSION: Programs aimed at preventing and treating obesity should cover the way in which people deal with emotions, ways of achieving greater emotional support, and strategies for handling stress caused by unemployment or work.

Adaptation, Psychological↗