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At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Role of the epiphysis in the migration of retinal epithelial pigment during unilateral photic stimulation in Salmo irideus].

Unilateral exposure of dark-adapted fishes indicates that the exposed eye is only partly in a light-adapted state in so far as the position of the epithelial pigment and cones is concerned. This does not occur in epiphysectomized fishes indicating a possible role of the epiphysis. On the basis of available evidence, the nature of the epiphysis role is envisaged and a suggestion made that melatonin, whose synthesis is related to dark, may play a role in this phenomenon.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Separation of the distal humeral epiphysis in the neonate. A combined clinical and roentgenographic diagnosis.

Separation of the distal humeral epiphysis in the neonate or young child can be diagnosed confidently by combining roentgenographic and clinical information. Such diagnosis is critical, as two abnormalities included in the differential diagnosis--irreducible elbow dislocation and fracture to the lateral humeral condyle--often require open reduction, unlike distal humeral epiphyseal separation, which can be treated conservatively. We describe two patients and review the pertinent literature.

Birth Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MRI of the cartilaginous epiphysis of the femoral head in the piglet hip after ischemic damage.

MRI of the cartilaginous epiphysis (CE) of piglet femoral head was performed after ischemic damage to study the changes in the CE found on MRI and to correlate these changes with histologic findings. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head was induced with a suture ligature in nine piglets; one piglet was killed postoperatively on day 3 and on weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8 (two piglets were killed on week 3). MRI of the ischemic and contralateral nonischemic hip joints were obtained with a 60-mm field of view (low resolution MRI). Biopsy cores of the femoral heads were imaged with a 15-mm field of view (high resolution MRI) and correlated with histologic sections. The CE for all operated hips, except for the 3-day postoperative specimen, showed evidence of ischemic changes on histologic assessment; the severity of damage increased with time. The MRI appearance of ischemic and nonischemic CE was clearly different by 2 weeks after the operation. No trilaminar signal pattern was evident in the high resolution T2-weighted (T2W) imaging of the ischemic CE from 2 weeks after the operation. In the 3- to 8-week postoperative specimens, focal areas of low signal intensity on high resolution T1-weighted (T1W) and T2W imaging corresponded to the areas of chondronecrosis found on histologic assessment. The regions of high signal intensity on T2W imaging corresponded to the areas of chondrocyte clusters with increased safranin-O staining. High resolution MRI can demonstrate changes in the CE associated with ischemic injury and may have a role in the assessment of the CE and its development after ischemic injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Trabecular bone strength patterns at the proximal tibial epiphysis.

The longitudinal compressive strength of trabecular bone from the human proximal tibial epiphysis was investigated in 12 autopsy specimens using multiple penetration tests with a small diameter indentor. Strength profiles were visualized by three-dimensional computerized reconstruction as a function of location on the resection surfaces. There were large variations of the maximal values between individuals, but the patterns obtained were remarkably uniform. The medial condyle showed the highest peak value in all but one knee with a mean medial-to-lateral peak value-ratio of 1.7. At the medial condyle the high strength area was relatively large with peak values being obtained centrally and anteriorly; the lateral condyle showed a more restricted, posteriorly localized area of high strength. Beneath the menisci, bone strength gradually decreased toward the margins of the condyles; likewise, bone strength decreased to reach very low values at the intercondylar region. There was a significant reduction of bone strength with the distance from the subchondral resection surface. This reduction was most pronounced at the high strength areas.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1989

An ultrastructural study of slipped capital femoral epiphysis: pathogenetic considerations.

Two normal proximal femoral growth plates and core biopsies from six patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) were studied by electron microscopy. In these SCFE patients, chondrocytes from all the zones of the plate were frequently smaller than normal, more irregular in shape, and many of them were degenerating, with formation of matrix vesicles and cellular debris. Floccular electron-dense material, most likely abnormal proteoglycan, was present in the hypertrophic rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus as well as in the extracellular matrix, intermingled with collagen fibrils thinner than normal and loosely arranged. Mineralization of the abnormal matrix of the longitudinal septa of the degenerating zone was either scanty or absent, with scanty formation of irregular and thin bone trabeculae. The abnormalities observed in SCFE seem to be caused by a change in chondrocyte metabolism with consequent altered synthesis and/or extracellular aggregation of both collagen and proteoglycan, and scanty mineralization of the abnormal cartilage matrix.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Physiologic isolation of the canine proximal fibular epiphysis on a vascular pedicle.

In order to create a model for epiphyseal growth plate transplantation by microvascular technique, a well-defined donor site was established. Dissection of latex-injected adult and juvenile dogs established the vascular supply to the proximal canine fibula. By isolating 7 cm of proximal fibula on the popliteal vessels, the nutrient supply to the epiphyses, metaphysis, and diaphysis is retained. This preserves the nutrient arterial supply to the fibula originating from the cranial tibial artery, the caudal tibial artery, and the small blood vessels from these to the epiphysis. Perfusion of the graft through the defined vascular pedicle was confirmed using 141Ce-labeled microspheres. These results showed a perfusion of the established graft that was as great as or greater than the control, unoperated side. It is concluded that the technique described for isolation can be used for developing a model for vascularized transplantation of epiphyseal growth cartilage in canines.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Intertrochanteric osteotomy for the treatment of chronic slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

Thirty six patients with a chronic slip of the capital femoral epiphysis and a femoral headneck angle of more than 30 degrees, as measured in a lateral radiograph, were treated by intertrochanteric osteotomy. The patients had an abnormal gait, an average age of 14.1 years and symptoms for an average of 14.5 months. The postoperative complications included two patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head, four with coxa vara and two with loss of position requiring further operation. At an average of 7.5 years after operation 14 were good, 18 fair, and 4 poor on clinical assessment, with 13 good, 19 fair and 4 poor when judged by radiographs. Patients with complications had only fair or poor results. A postoperative head-neck angle of less than 10 degrees indicated a good result.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Experimental trauma of the triradiate epiphysis of the acetabulum and hip dysplasia.

Experimental traumatic lesions of the iliac and pubic parts of the triradiate cartilage of the acetabulum in young Wistar rats, were created to study the effect on the development of the hip joint. Radiological, functional and morphometric results were evaluated at twelve weeks of evolution, a time when the epiphysis was mature in a control series. Interference with the pubic growth plate caused acetabular dysplasia and dislocation of the hip. Both lesions caused deformities of the acetabulum and the femoral head. It is concluded that varied traumatic lesions of the triradiate cartilage may be of prognostic significance.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1993

Fractures of the proximal humeral epiphysis.

Twenty-two patients with marked displacement of a fracture of the proximal humeral epiphysis have been treated with closed or open reduction and fixation by Kirschner wires. At an average follow-up of 6.8 years there have been good functional results in almost all patients (91.1), with better results in patients under 13 years of age particularly with less residual displacement or angulation. Since there is a greater occurrence of residual deformity and symmetria and limitation of motion in older patients, a more aggressive approach to correct the initial displacement and angulation is warranted in those over the age of 13 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: ultrasonographic findings.

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is an uncommon skeletal disorder of adolescence often overlooked because of its nonspecific clinical presentation. Anteroposterior radiography may fail to demonstrate a minimal slip even when clinical examination raises suspicion of the disease. On the other hand, prompt diagnosis is essential to obtain better therapeutic results. In our patient population joint effusion, which often accompanies SCFE, was readily recognized and quantified by ultrasonography (US). US also permitted recognition of the initial SCFE and assessment of the degree of slip by measuring the height of the physeal step. As to metaphyseal remodeling, plain radiography seems to be more informative than US; however, US has a role in the follow-up of SCFE because of the risk of slippage in the contralateral hip. This work suggests that US is useful as a primary imaging tool in the evaluation of subjects with limp or hip or knee pain to rule out SCFE.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Case report 730. Malignant large cell lymphoma of tibial epiphysis.

We present a case of primary lymphoma of bone arising in the proximal tibial epiphysis of a 16-year-old boy. To the best of our knowledge, primary lymphoma of bone has not been described previously as a mimicker of chondroblastoma. This case report is intended to increase awareness among clinicians and radiologists that primary lymphoma of bone can present with a long clinical prodrome and initially benign radiographic appearance. Early recognition of this unusual presentation will (hopefully) increase the likelihood of cure. However, it is recognized that in children, primary lymphoma of bone is a rare diagnosis and associated with a poor prognosis unless aggressive treatment is utilized [8].

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Acetabuloplasty using pedicle graft of the iliac crest epiphysis in puppies].

Pedicled iliac crest epiphysis transplantation was performed after resection of the outer portion of the acetabulum in 30 puppies 3 months old. The best joint congruency was obtained when using a vertical pedicled graft, the surface of which developed into normal articular cartilage through metaplasia, and presented normal cartilage growth by means of conservation of the epiphyseal vessels. The results of this experiment enable the authors to propose a new surgical technique in the treatment of certain difficult dysplastic conditions in the hip.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1995

Atlantoaxial instability in a 7-year-old boy associated with traumatic disrupture of the ossiculum terminale (apical odontoid epiphysis).

A case of atlantoaxial instability with a rare etiology in a boy of 7 years and 3 months is presented. Computerized tomography with three-dimensional reconstruction revealed avulsion of the ossiculum terminale (apical odontoid epiphysis). Developmental peculiarities and relevant disorders of the infantile upper cervical spine are discussed. Temporary posterior C1/C2 fusion and transdental screw fixation of the ossiculum terminale were attempted in order to stabilize C1/C2 and avoid permanent fusion. After removal of the dorsal implants, the transdental screw broke, the instability recurred and a permanent atlantoaxial fusion had to be performed.

Atlanto-Axial Joint↗
PubMed1993

Osteochondroma of the femoral neck secondary to a slipped upper femoral epiphysis.

Traumatic osteochondromas may develop following damage to the growth plate, but these lesions are rare. Osteochondromas developing secondary to a slipped upper femoral epiphysis (SUFE) have not been previously described. We report such a case and discuss its pathogenesis in relation to the possible aetiologies of primary osteochondromas and SUFE.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Primary hypothyroidism associated with pituitary enlargement, slipped capital femoral epiphysis and cystic ovaries.

A case of primary hypothyroidism with pituitary enlargement, slipped capital femoral epiphysis and cystic ovaries is reported. The pituitary abnormality and cystic ovaries disappeared dramatically after thyroid hormone therapy. Hip pinning was performed. The recognition of these associations may eliminate unnecessary surgery and lead to the choice of hormone replacement therapy.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Articulotrochanteric distance in slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

The difference in altitude between the proximal limit of the femoral head and the tip of the greater trochanter--the articulotrochanteric distance (ATD)--was recorded in 312 patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis and compared with that in normal hips. The ATD was markedly reduced after severe slipping, independent of the method of treatment. In mild or moderate slippings, the ATD differed with the method of treatment. The shortest ATD was seen after osteosynthesis with AO screws. Nonoperative treatment and osteosynthesis with the Johansson nail or Nyström pin caused a slight reduction of the ATD, while no reduction was seen after hook-pinning. These differences probably reflect various degrees of damage to the subcapital growth plate, which may result in leg length difference and abduction insufficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Recessive lethal chondrodysplasia, "round femoral inferior epiphysis type".

Four cases of a sublethal form of chondrodysplasia are reported. The micromelic dwarfism is severe and on X-ray pictures the most striking feature is the shape of the lower femoral epiphysis, which is relatively well developed and rounded. The mode of inheritance is presumably autosomal recessive.

Epiphyses↗