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At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Proprioception and palisade endings in extraocular eye muscles.

Palisade endings occur only in extraocular muscles, and their function is unknown. They form a cuff of nerve terminals around the tips of muscle fibers. We describe here the advantages of using antibodies to a synaptosomal-associated protein (SNAP-25) to study properties of palisade endings in man, monkey, and rat. The stain can be combined readily with other immunofluorescence procedures, and results suggest that the synapses of palisade endings do not bind alpha-bungarotoxin (i.e., are not motor), nor do they contain substance P. These double-labeling data support the hypothesis that palisade endings are non-nociceptive sensory receptors, and could serve a proprioceptive function. With SNAP-25 immunolabeling, palisade endings were identified in the rat for the first time. Thus, palisade endings appear to be present in all vertebrate extraocular muscles studied to date. Their apparent universality, which contrasts with the more variable manifestation of extraocular muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs, would be expected if proprioceptive feedback is necessary to the function of the ocular motor system, and if palisade endings are the critical proprioceptive structure.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Eye muscle paralysis can increase the knowledge on autism].

One third of Swedes with thalidomide embryopathy have sixth and seventh cranial nerve palsy, named Möbius syndrome/sequence, and some of them suffer from autism. Further, other patients with Möbius sequence have autism. The teratogenic effect of thalidomide on the development of different organ structures occurs early in pregnancy. By studying the birth defects, information can be obtained concerning when the damage occurred. Erroneous development of the sixth and seventh cranial nerves is induced early in pregnancy. The ensuing palsy may be associated with autism. New research is focusing on genes controlling early cranial nerve development.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1975

[Electrophysiological characteristics of the external eye muscles of frogs].

With the aid of a microelectrophysiological method data were obtained on the difference of the fibers of the inferior rectus muscle of a frog by the type of electrical activity. The greater part of the fibers displayed a continuous tonic activity in the form of polymorphous postsynaptic potentials. Individual fibers responded by a series of action potentials to depolarization created by the introduction of a microelectrode; such reaction was characteristic of the skeletal transitional fibers. The rest of the fibers were inactive, at least some of them with a high membrane potential could be referred to the phasic system.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1975

[Report on the experience in intracellular microelectrode studies of the external eye muscles with the stereotactic surgical device SESH-2].

The Soviet SESH-2 stereotactic surgical device for micro-electrode examinations offers technical advantages in the derivation of the intracellular muscle fibre membrane potential after resting and of the intracellular potential of the peripheric ocular muscles after irritation as well as in the study of the central irritation of the nuclei of the ocular muscles. The coupling of two hydraulic micromanipulators permits to perform in vivo various investigations of the ocular muscles by means of micro-electrodes. The numerous possibilities of variation and assembly according to the modular principle allows also simultaneous studies on ocular muscle mechanics.

Animals↗