[Alcoholism and the endocrine system].
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The basic and clinical sciences have become fused in the investigation of relatively new syndromes and their pathogenesis. The measurement of hormone content in serum and tissues and the elucidation of its biologic effect via the membrane and cytoplasmic receptors leads to diagnostic and prognostic accuracy. New breakthrough advances in clinical and cellular phenomena will portend new horizons for more specific diagnoses and modern treatment of present and new endocrinopathies. The dimensions of the neuroendocrine system are expanding; the future perimeters are beyond sight today.
The development of endocrine cells in the chicken proventriculus has been investigated using light- and electron-microscopy in conjunction with silver and immunocytochemical techniques. The first morphologically detectable endocrine cells were found in 5-day-old embryos by electron microscopy. From the 9th to the 13th day, endocrine cells in contact with the lumen of the organ could be detected both by electron and light (silver impregnation) microscopy. The number of open-type endocrine cells progressively decreased and the number of closed-type increased after this stage. Until the 16th day, endocrine cells were located exclusively in the luminal epithelium, but afterwards they appeared in progressively greater numbers in the compound glands. After hatching, long cytoplasmic processes could be seen in the endocrine cells. Immunoreactivities to regulatory substances appeared in the following order: serotonin (day-14), avian pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon and somatostatin (day-16), bombesin and neurotensin (day-18), and finally, met-enkephalin (day-21).
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The review of the reported data indicates that endocrine glands react to the constant magnetic field (CMF). The paper presents information about the phasic pattern of hypophyseal-adrenal reaction and CMF effects on the sympathoadrenal system and thyroid. The review refers to many publications demonstrating high sensitivity to testes of the CMF. The paper discusses potential therapeutic applications of the CMF with emphasis on the fact that most morphological data available need biochemical support.
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