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Results for “Eye Protective Devices”

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At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Reflection of laser light from ophthalmic contact lenses.

Reflections of laser radiation from ophthalmological contact lenses are measured and hazard analysis calculations are presented. Measurements were made on the contact lenses using ophthalmic argon and krypton lasers. Reflection coefficients were around 0.2% for lenses with 'anti-laser' coatings and in the region of 4% for uncoated lenses. It can be shown that the nominal ocular hazard distance for a typical ophthalmic argon laser beam reflected from a contact lens with a flat front surface is approximately 30 cm for a coated lens and 1 m for an uncoated lens. The necessity of protective glasses for attending staff in particular circumstances is reviewed.

Contact Lenses↗
PubMed2006

Determination of eye safety filter protection factors associated with retinal thermal hazard and blue light photochemical hazard for intense pulsed light sources.

An assessment is provided of protection factors afforded for retinal thermal hazard and blue light photochemical hazard for a range of filters used with intense pulsed light sources (IPLs). A characteristic IPL spectrum based on black body radiation at 5000 K with a low cut filter at 515 nm was identified as suitable for such estimations. Specific filters assessed included types with idealized transmission properties and also a range of types whose transmission characteristics were measured by means of a Bentham DMc150 spectroradiometer. Predicted behaviour based on these spectra is outlined which describes both the effectiveness of protection and the level of luminous transmittance afforded. The analysis showed it was possible to describe a figure of merit for a particular filter material relating the degree of protection provided and corresponding value of luminous transmittance. This consideration is important for providing users of IPL equipment with safety eyewear with adequate level of visual transmittance.

Computer-Aided Design↗
PubMed1994

Eye injury and eye protection: a survey of the chemical industry.

A population-based study of chemical eye injury in the chemical industry is reported. In a population of 62,839 workers studied for one month (approximately 10 million man-hours), 60 eye injuries (45.1 per cent of all eye injuries) were caused by chemicals (eye injury incidence 11.4 per 1000 employees per year). Six patients (10 per cent) required hospital attention. No sight-threatening injuries occurred. Health workers within the industry have recognized that most of these injuries are avoidable. Eye protectors were not a requirement in some situations where injury occurred (one-third of injuries), were not used where specified in some cases, and in others failed to prevent injury even when worn. This low incidence of injury can be reduced further by appropriate selection and wear of protectors, by education and by legislation.

Chemical Industry↗
PubMed1997

Ocular trauma in an iron forging industry in the eastern province, Saudi Arabia.

Occupational accidents occur in industry worldwide, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is no exception. However, accidents are not routinely analyzed in this country and therefore their extent and types remain unknown. The aim of this study was to calculate the rates of ocular injuries in an iron forging factory in the Eastern Province of the KSA. It also aimed at identifying the main causes of injury and the groups at risk. All ocular and non-ocular injuries that occurred during 1991 were reviewed. Data sources were the company's accident report and the employees' medical files. A total of 193 injuries were reported. Seventy-seven (39.9%) of these affected the eyes. The incident rate for ocular injuries was 111.8 per 1,000 men exposed. The age group 33-42 had the highest prevalence rate (55.8%) and 67.5% of the eye injuries involved employees with job experience of 11 months or less. Use of pneumatic chisels was among the most hazardous activities. Projectile foreign bodies were responsible for 76.6% of the incidents. More than a third of the injured were not wearing eye protection. Avoidable factors, such as negligence, were major contributory factors. A training programme concerning safety has much to commend it, and pneumatic chisels should be replaced by other safer means.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1975

Some epidemiologic features of motorcycle collision injuries. I. Introduction, methods and factors associated with incidence.

Using official police reports and hospital admission and emergency room medical records, 1273 persons with confirmed medically treated motorcycle injury were identified in Sacramento County, California, during 1970. Less than 39% of all injured motorcyclists were identified in this study using only official police reports. The annual incidence rate was highest for 18-year-old male drivers. In addition to age of driver, risk of injury was associated with drivers of short stature (less than 173 cm) operating an intermediate or larger size motorcycle. Risk of injury was higher for drivers with training than for those without training or those who operated their motorcycles frequently regardless of type of use. Risk of injury was not related to make of motorcycle but was related to engine size. Two-thirds of the injury-producing collisions involved a motorcycle and a second motor vehicle. Motorcycle collisions occurred most fre quently during the afternoon and early evening hours and during the summer months, but peaks in incidence of collisions occurred during weeks which included a holiday.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2006

Penetrating ocular injuries in the home.

BACKGROUND: We studied the prevalence and aetiology of penetrating ocular injuries, in particular ones that were sustained whilst undertaking Do It Yourself (DIY) or gardening in the domestic environment. We also examined the extent of eye safety promotion in DIY stores and garden centres and on their websites. METHODS: We conducted a case note review of patients who underwent surgery for penetrating ocular trauma between January 2000 and June 2004. Eight DIY stores and garden centres and 10 websites were visited and evaluated using standardized questions. RESULTS: Of the 85 patients identified, 35 (41.2%) patients had injuries that occurred in the home with 10 patients having visual acuities of <6/60 at final follow up. Accidents from DIY or gardening were the cause in 17 of 33 (51.5%) patients, with a failure to wear eye protection in all cases. Overall, DIY stores and garden centres were poor at promoting eye safety both in their stores and on their websites. CONCLUSION: The home is a frequent place for severe penetrating ocular injury, with highly popular pastimes such as DIY and gardening as common causes. As many of these injuries are preventable, additional safety information is essential to educate the public on the potential dangers of these pastimes.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed2004

Cataracts in retired actinide-exposed radiation workers.

Radiation-induced cataracts are predominantly of the posterior sub-capsular (PSC) type, whereas about 90% of age-related cataracts are of other types. Retired workers, likely to have transuranic body burdens, from three DOE-supported installations were questioned regarding their eye-care history and asked for permission to contact their eye-care providers regarding any cataracts. In 97 cases with lifetime exposure records 20 cases (20.6%) were reported to have PSC cataracts. However, of 24 individuals with recorded lifetime doses of 200-600 mSv, nine (37.5%) had PSC cataracts, compared with 15.1% of 73 cases with doses of less than 200 mSv. This difference is statistically significant at the 5% level.

Actinoid Series Elements↗
PubMed1994

Dark goggles and bright light improve circadian rhythm adaptation to night-shift work.

We compared the contributions of bright light during the night shift and dark goggles during daylight for phase shifting the circadian rhythm of temperature to realign with a 12-hour shift of sleep. After 10 baseline days there were 8 night-work/day-sleep days. Temperature was continuously recorded from 50 subjects. There were four groups in a 2 x 2 design: light (bright, dim), goggles (yes, no). Subjects were exposed to bright light (about 5,000 lux) for 6 hours on the first 2 night shifts. Dim light was < 500 lux. Both bright light and goggles were significant factors for producing circadian rhythm phase shifts. The combination of bright light plus goggles was the most effective, whereas the combination of dim light and no goggles was the least effective. The temperature rhythm either phase advanced or phase delayed when it aligned with daytime sleep. However, when subjects did not have goggles only phase advances occurred. Goggles were necessary for producing phase delays. The most likely explanation is that daylight during the travel-home window after a night shift inhibits phase-delay shifts, and goggles can prevent this inhibition. Larger temperature-rhythm phase shifts were associated with better subjective daytime sleep, less subjective fatigue and better mood.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1997

Ocular surface disorders in the critically ill.

Abnormalities of the cornea and conjunctiva occur in association with neurological diseases, nocturnal lagophthalmos, coma, infection, and mechanical ventilation. We investigated the incidence and causes of ocular surface disorders in critically ill patients. In a retrospective study, the presence of conjunctivitis and corneal erosion was determined by reviewing the medical charts of 143 mechanically ventilated patients (intensive care unit [ICU] stay > or =7 days). In the subsequent prospective study, 15 patients who had sedatives or muscle relaxants administered continuously for more than 48 h in the ICU were investigated. Corneal erosion was examined using a slit lamp once a day. Ocular surface disorder was found in 28 of the 143 patients (20%) whose ICU stay exceeded 7 days. The incidence increased with continuous sedation (35% vs 15%). The incidence also increased with continuous neuromuscular blockade (39% vs 11%). In the prospective study, nine patients (60%) developed corneal erosion. A patient's inability to fully close his or her eyes increased the incidence (P < 0.01) of corneal erosion. Protective eyelid taping was effective in preventing and treating the corneal erosion. In conclusion, the critically ill often develop ocular surface disorders, especially when sedated and immobilized. A close relationship was observed between these conditions and the inability to close one's eyes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Effect of periocular humidity on the tear film lipid layer.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the tear film and humidity by examining whether alterations in periocular humidity influence the thickness of the tear film lipid layer. Thirteen dry eye subjects presenting with a baseline lipid layer thickness of < or = 60 nm were fitted with modified swim goggles in which the right eye (OD) was exposed to conditions of high humidity and the left eye (OS) remained exposed to ambient room conditions. The lipid layer was monitored over a 60-min time course with goggles on and for an additional 60 min following goggle removal. The OD lipid layer increased significantly in thickness within 5 min of exposure to conditions of high humidity (p < 0.0001), reaching a maximum increase of 66.4 nm after 15 min of goggle wear (p < 0.0001). This maximum increase to a lipid layer thickness of 120.5 nm was maintained at the 30- and 60-min goggle time points. No significant change was detected OS. Following goggle removal, OD values declined but remained significantly elevated over the OS lipid layer thickness throughout the 60-min postgoggle period. Moderate to total relief of dry eye symptoms was reported during goggle wear and generally persisted at a reduced level for 1-3 h following goggle removal. Increased periocular humidity results in an increase in tear film lipid layer thickness, possibly by providing an environment that is more conducive to the spreading of meibomian lipid and its incorporation into the tear film.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Acute scleritis as a manifestation of congenital erythropoietic porphyria.

PURPOSE: To report a case of congenital erythropoietic porphyria that presented as acute scleritis over a bilateral scleromalacia perforans in the interpalpebral fissure. METHODS: An 18-year-old man presented with painful red eye, a history of photophobia, and passing highly colored urine since childhood. Dermatological and biochemical evaluations were done. RESULTS: The patient had normal vision in both eyes with bilateral scleromalacia perforans. The right eye showed painful, nodular scleritis. Dermatological examination revealed multiple, vesciculobullous cutaneous lesions with atrophy and pseudoscleroderma changes, hypertrichosis, and bluish discoloration of teeth. Immunofluorescent microscopy of fresh peripheral smear showed brilliant red fluorescence of erythrocytes. Spectroscopic analysis of urine revealed excretion of porphyrin, thus confirming a diagnosis of congenital erythropoietic porphyria. The patient's condition improved with local and systemic steroid therapy along with general photoprotective measures for the exposed parts of the body. CONCLUSION: Acute scleritis could be the presenting feature in a rare case of congenital erythropoietic porphyria, warranting systemic evaluation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Ocular exposure to infrared radiation in the Swedish iron and steel industry.

This study was carried out to determine the level of potentially off-damaging infrared (IR) radiation in the iron and steel industry. Determinations of IR radiation were made in different positions in many types of processes. Forging was found to give the highest radiant exposure to the eyes, while workers in electrosteel mills are considerably less exposed.

Environmental Exposure↗