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PubMed2006

[Pleural metastases of sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma].

Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma is a rare tumor recently described. The histological presentation can be confused with certain soft tissue benign tumors and certain sarcomas. Metastatic spread is usually late in the natural course of the disease. We report a case of recurrent sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma with pleural metastases which developed ten years after surgical resection of the primary tumor. The tumor was formed by small uniform round epithelioid cells with a clear cytoplasm. The tumor cells were strongly positive for vimentin. This clinical case is discussed in light of other cases reported in the literature.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

Tissue transglutaminase is not increased during apoptosis of HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells.

Tissue transglutaminase (tTGase), a cytosolic enzyme which catalyzes the covalent cross-linking of proteins, is thought to be involved in the apoptosis. Here, we tested whether tTGase is involved during HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cell apoptosis induced by the YIGSR (Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg) peptide. This sequence is derived from the laminin alpha1 chain, and its potency is increased by the formation of a 16mer polymerization using a lysine tree structure. Cells were treated with several different concentrations of Ac-Y 16 for 16 hours, and apoptosis was increased in dose-dependent manner. When assayed by incorporation of [14C] putrescine into succinylated casein, total transglutaminase activity was decreased in parallel with the change in the number of attached cells. Western blot analysis using polyclonal antibody against tTGase showed that the tTGase protein level had not been significantly changed when equal amounts of the protein were applied. To confirm this result, we induced apoptosis of these cells by coating the tissue culture plates with non-adhesive poly-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Western blot analysis showed that the tTGase protein level did not change during this process of apoptosis. Although it has been suggested that tTGase is involved in the process of apoptosis of various cells in vitro and in vivo, our data demonstrate that tTGase is not involved in the process of apoptosis of HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cell induced by either Ac-Y 16 or a non-adhesive culture surface.

Apoptosis↗

PubMed2002

Calponin h1 induced a flattened morphology and suppressed the growth of human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells.

Calponin h1 (CNh1) is an actin-binding protein that is expressed mainly in smooth muscle cells and is known to regulate smooth muscle contraction. Recently, re-expression of CNh1 in leiomyosarcoma cell lines is reported to suppress cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. However, little is known about the associated cellular structural and functional changes. Since CNh1 is also detected in normal fibroblasts, we hypothesised that CNh1 would also inhibit cell proliferation of the fibrosarcoma cells, HT1080, in which CNh1 is suppressed. An expression vector of human CNh1 complementary DNA was transfected into human HT1080 cells by a calcium-phosphate precipitation method. CNh1-transfected cells exhibited a flattened morphology with organised actin filaments, a significant decrease in cell motility and enhancement in adhesion to fibronectin in association with an increase in integrin alpha5beta1 expression. Anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenicity in nude mice were suppressed in the CNh1-transfected cells. Our results suggest that CNh1 may have a role as a tumour suppressor in human fibrosarcoma by influencing cytoskeletal activities.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma of the jaw: report of five cases.

Five cases of ameloblastic fibrosarcomas (AFS) are reported. The tumour was characterized histologically by a biphasic pattern: the malignant mesenchymal component had the features of an intermediate grade fibrosarcoma in 3 cases, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and osteogenic sarcoma in 2 cases. The epithelial odontogenic component had a benign appearance cytologically. In 1 patient, in the recurrence only the malignant mesenchymal component was present. AFS is a fully malignant tumour, in fact 1 patient died of the tumour after inadequate surgical treatments, and 2 patients had a recurrence after intralesional surgery. The treatment of choice was achieved when surgery with wide surgical margins was performed. As MFH and OGS features are present in the malignant mesenchymal component of this tumour we prefer to use the broad term ameloblastic sarcoma instead of AFS.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

In vivo resistance to photofrin-mediated photodynamic therapy in radiation-induced fibrosarcoma cells resistant to in vitro Photofrin-mediated photodynamic therapy.

The effects of Photofrin-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the in vitro cell survival and in vivo tumor growth of murine radiation-induced fibrosarcoma (RIF) cell tumors have been examined following in vivo PDT treatment of tumors. The response to in vivo PDT is examined in tumors derived from RIF-1 mouse fibrosarcoma cells and in tumors derived from RIF-8A cells, which show in vitro resistance to PDT. A significant reduction in tumor volume is observed over the first three days following in vivo PDT treatment of either 5 or 10 mg/ kg. The reduction in tumor volume is greater for a 10 compared to a 5 mg/ml dose and occurs to a similar extent for both RIF-1 and RIF-8A tumors. The re-growth is significantly delayed for RIF-1 compared to RIF-8A tumors, indicating a greater response for RIF-1 tumors compared to RIF-8A tumors following PDT. A reduced response of the RIF-8A compared to the RIF-1 tumor cells is also observed in the clonogenic survival of cells from tumors that were excised and explanted in vitro immediately following in vivo PDT treatment. These data indicate that the intrinsic cell sensitivity to PDT is an important component in the mechanism that leads to tumor response following in vivo photodynamic therapy.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Comparison and modulation of angiogenic responses by FGFs, VEGF and SCF in murine and human fibrosarcomas.

The effects of angiogenic growth factors on the growth, vascular architecture and the downstream cytokine signaling of sarcomas are unknown. These are of potential great importance since sarcoma, like endothelium, is of mesodermal origin and therefore could grow in response to these factors. Three human sarcomas (leiomyosarcoma SK-LMS-1, liposarcoma SW872 and fibrosarcoma SW684) and one murine fibrosarcoma (KHT) were grown in nude and C3H/He mice, respectively. Tumor structural vessels, perfused vessels and hypoxia were quantified immunohistochemically. Fast-growing murine KHT tumors had a markedly higher number of structural vessels compared with the human sarcomas. In both murine and human sarcomas, approximately half of the total structural vessels were perfused, and the numbers of perfused vessels decreased with increasing tumor volume. In vitro, basal mRNA expression of several angiogenic growth factors and their receptors differed between two of the human sarcoma cell lines, SK-LMS-1 and SW872. Compared with SK-LMS-1, untreated SW872 cells had higher levels of mRNA expression for FGF11, FGF14, angiopoietin, CD105 and VEGFR1. Two sarcoma cell lines were also treated with 10 ng/ml of six angiogenic growth factors (FGF1, FGF2, FGF7, FGF10, VEGF and SCF) for 24 h, and mRNA expression of endogenous FGF family members (FGF1, FGF2, FGF10, FGF11, FGF13 and FGF14) were quantitatively measured using RNase protection at various times following treatments. Again, SW872 cells were more responsive to exogenous growth factor treatment compared with SK-LMS-1 cells in terms of the elevation of endogenous FGF mRNA expression. In the SW872 cells, all of the exogenous angiogenic growth factor treatments, except for VEGF, upregulated endogenous FGF1, FGF2 and FGF14 mRNA expression. The SK-LMS-1 cells, in contrast, only responded to exogenous FGF1, FGF7 and FGF10, but did not respond to VEGF.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Fibrosarcoma of the ethmoid.

Fibrosarcoma may involve the ethmoid sinus by extension from the maxillary antrum or, more rarely, arise as a primary neoplasm. A case of a well differentiated primary fibrosarcoma of the ethmoid sinuses is reported which presented in a 24-year-old male. The tumour was treated by wide local resection. From a review of similar cases in the literature together with their treatment modalities and outcome, it is concluded that wide local resection is the treatment of choice.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

The cell cycle and induction of apoptosis in a hamster fibrosarcoma cell line treated with anti-cancer drugs: its importance to solid tumour chemotherapy.

The induction of apoptosis by anticancer drugs and its relationship to stages of the cell cycle was studied in cells derived from a solid tumour; a highly malignant hamster fibrosarcoma (Met B). Asynchronously proliferating cells were treated with a wide variety of agents such as actinomycin-D, 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine, camptothecin, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, daunorubicin, 5-flurouracil, 6-mercaptopurine, hydroxyurea, ionomycin, methotrexate and vincristine. With the exception of cyclophosphamide and hydroxyurea, a 36 h exposure to these drugs resulted in inhibition of cell growth and apart from cyclophosphamide, hydroxyurea. 6-mercaptopurine and cisplatin the induction of apoptosis. Studies using a decreased concentration of drug and exposure time (12 h) followed by examination of cells using flow cytometry indicated that most drugs were capable of affecting cell cycle progression without induction of apoptosis. However when cells were synchronised at G0/G1, S and G2/M phases and then exposed to these decreased concentrations of drug apart from 6MP an HU, apoptosis was observed and for the majority of drugs it took place in the same phase in which progression through the cell cycle was blocked by the drug. Cells synchronised in G0/G1 phase were more susceptible to methotrexate, whereas S-phase cells were more susceptible to camptothecin and 5-flurouracil and G2/M phase cells more susceptible to actinomycin D, 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine, daunorubicin and cisplatin. In contrast, vincristine blocked cells in G2/M phase but exerted its apoptotic effect in S-phase cells, ionomycin had no effect on the cell cycle, but G2/M cells appeared to be more susceptible to the effect of this drug. These data indicate that entry into apoptosis by this fibrosarcoma may occur at any point in the cell cycle. They also demonstrate a correlation between the action of some anticancer drugs on the cell cycle and the subsequent induction of apoptosis which may be useful in chemotherapeutic design.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Photodynamic therapy with phthalocyanine sensitisation: quantitative studies in a transplantable rat fibrosarcoma.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising approach to the local destruction of malignant tumours, but little work has been done to determine which factors control the extent of tissue necrosis produced. Using a new photosensitiser, a sulphonated aluminium phthalocyanine (AlSPc) and light from an argon ion pumped dye laser at 675 nm, we quantified the effects of interstitial PDT in a transplantable fibrosarcoma in rats. At 100mW laser power, thermal effects were comparable to those of PDT, so subsequent studies were carried out at 50 mW, where thermal effects were minimal. The depth of PDT necrosis increased with the logarithm of the applied energy. Tissue concentration of AlSPc was measured by alkali extraction and at all times after sensitisation, correlated well with the necrosis produced with a given light dose. Peak tumour concentration of AlSPc occurred 24-48 h after sensitisation compared with a peak at 3 h in muscle. The peak ratio tumour:muscle was 2:1 at 24 h. Apart from a different time interval to reach the peak sensitiser concentration, the extent of tumour damage varied with the light and sensitiser parameters in a similar way to that found in normal liver, although the optical penetration depth was greater in the tumour (2.5 mm vs. 1.8 mm). At doses of AlSPc below 1 mg kg-1 the diameter of necrosis increased with the logarithm of the dose of sensitiser, and doubling the dose from 0.25 to 0.5 mg kg-1 increased the depth of necrosis by 50%. However, at higher doses, the changes were smaller and increasing the dose from 2.5 to 5 mg kg-1 only increased the necrosis by 10% for the same light dose. In all dose ranges, a given percentage increase in the tissue concentration of AlSPc gave a much smaller percentage increase in the extent of necrosis for the same light dose, suggesting that selectivity of necrosis between tumour and normal tissue is likely to be much less than the selectivity of retention of the photosensitiser. From these results, the extent of PDT necrosis in this fibrosarcoma is as predictable as it is in normal liver if the light dose, tissue concentration of AlSPc and optical penetration depth of the tissue are known. Further studies are now required on different tumour models to establish how tumours respond compared with adjacent normal tissue when the tumour is growing in its organ of origin rather than the non-physiological situation using a transplantable tumour as in this study.

Aluminum↗

PubMed1990

Glycosphingolipid expression on murine L1-fibrosarcoma cells: analysis of clonal in vivo and in vitro selected sublines with different lung colonisation potential.

The patterns of acidic and neutral glycosphingolipids (GSLs) were examined in a syngeneic tumour system in Balb/c mice consisting of closely related cell lines with different colonisation potentials directed to the murine lungs (in vivo selected highly metastatic sublines of L1-fibrosarcoma cells and their WGA-resistant mutants with low metastatic potential). GSLs were analysed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography and structurally identified by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry combined with compositional analyses and exo-glycosidase digestion. The results suggest that highly metastatic sublines L1-LM and L1-LM12 derived by in vivo selection from mouse fibrosarcoma cells (cell line L1) exhibit a drastic increase of polar ganglioside expression and a restriction to globo-series GSLs. Contrasting with this the low metastatic mutant cells (L1-LM13WGA) express a reduced portion of acidic GSLs and exhibit a shift to less polar ganglioside components. Total cellular and plasma membrane-integrated GSLs were demonstrated to exhibit largely identical patterns. Concomitant with a significant decrease in LacCer expression a substantial reduction of GM2 and a complete lack of GM3 expression can be assigned to the highly metastatic sublines of L1-cells. On the other hand, the more polar gangliosides GM1a and, to an even greater extent, GD1a (exceeding 70% of total gangliosides) accumulate on L1-LM and their clonal sublines. The shift to acidic GSLs of higher polarity is less pronounced on the low metastatic WGA-resistant mutant cells (L1-LM13WGA) showing a preponderance of GM1a. The portion of GD1a within the fractions of acidic GSLs does not correspond to the cellular activities of CMP-NeuAc/GM1 (alpha 2-3) sialyltransferase measured for high and low metastatic cell variants. Total sialic acid content of the various cell lines differs, but is not associated with the metastatic potential. Gangliosides on L1-cells exhibit a significant substitution of N-glycolyl for N-acetylneuraminic acid (13%) compared to their metastatic sublines and to mutant cells (less than 1%). A conversion of surface exposed GD1a to GM1a on membranes of metastatic cells by in situ treatment with Vibrio cholerae sialidase is associated with a significant reduction of tumour cell colonisation directed to the murine lungs.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

A novel ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion in congenital fibrosarcoma.

Congenital (or infantile) fibrosarcoma (CFS) is a malignant tumour of fibroblasts that occurs in patients aged two years or younger. CFS is unique among human sarcomas in that it has an excellent prognosis and very low metastatic rate. CFS is histologically identical to adult-type fibrosarcoma (ATFS); however, ATFS is an aggressive malignancy of adults and older children that has a poor prognosis. We report a novel recurrent t(12;15)(p13;q25) rearrangement in CFS that may underlie the distinctive biological properties of this tumour. By cloning the chromosome breakpoints, we show that the rearrangement fuses the ETV6 (also known as TEL) gene from 12p13 with the 15q25 NTRK3 neurotrophin-3 receptor gene (also known as TRKC). Analysis of mRNA revealed the expression of ETV6-NTRK3 chimaeric transcripts in all three CFS tumours analysed. These were not detected in ATFS or infantile fibromatosis (IFB), a histologically similar but benign fibroblastic proliferation occurring in the same age-group as CFS. ETV6-NTRK3 fusion transcripts encode the helix-loop-helix (HLH) protein dimerization domain of ETV6 fused to the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) domain of NTRK3. Our studies indicate that a chimaeric PTK is expressed in CFS and this may contribute to oncogenesis by dysregulation of NTRK3 signal transduction pathways. Moreover, ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusions provide a potential diagnostic marker for CFS.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Ceramide triggers p53-dependent apoptosis in genetically defined fibrosarcoma tumour cells.

p53 mutations are among the most common genetic alterations in human cancer and are frequently described in intrinsic or acquired radio- and chemotherapy resistance. Radiation-induced cell kill is not only mediated by DNA damage but also by the activation of signal transduction cascades generated at the plasma membrane like the sphingomyelin pathway. We used genetically defined wild-type p53 or p53-deficient mouse fibrosarcoma cells to investigate the p53-dependence of tumour response upon activation of the sphingomyelin pathway. Treatment of the tumour cells with neutral sphingomyelinase drastically reduced the amount of wild-type p53 fibrosarcoma cell proliferation over 72 h in a clear dose-response (0.2-1.0 U ml(-1) nSMase). Sphingomyelinase had no effect on cell proliferation in tumour cells lacking p53. Similarly, cell proliferation was abolished by C2-ceramide (5-20 microM) only in wild-type p53 cells. FACS-analysis revealed that C2-ceramide induced massive p53-dependent apoptosis (40-50% after 12-24 h) and cell cycle analysis showed a transient G1 arrest in p53-deficient tumour cells 12-24 h after C2-ceramide exposure. These results suggest that ceramide-induced apoptosis in tumour cells can be dependent on the status of p53 and imply that p53 is also important for stress-induced apoptotic signal transduction cascades generated at the plasma membrane.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Suppression of anchorage-independent growth and matrigel invasion and delayed tumor formation by elevated expression of fibulin-1D in human fibrosarcoma-derived cell lines.

Using differential display, we identified an mRNA that is markedly down-regulated in cell line 6A/SB1, derived from a fibrosarcoma formed in an athymic mouse following injection of carcinogen-transformed MSU-1.1 cells. The nontumorigenic parental cell strain, MSU-1.1, expresses high levels of this mRNA. Sequencing of the corresponding cDNA fragment revealed that it corresponded to an expressed sequence tag, which ultimately led to its identification as the fibulin-1D gene. Fibulin-1 is a cysteine-rich, calcium-binding extracellular matrix and plasma protein, which has four isoforms, A-D, derived from alternative splicing. Northern and Western blotting analysis of 16 cell lines established from tumors formed in athymic mice by MSU-1.1-derived cell strains independently transformed in culture showed that 44% exhibited low level or lack of expression of fibulin-1D mRNA and protein. In a similar analysis of 15 malignant cell lines derived from patients, 80% showed low level or no expression. To study the role of fibulin-1D in transformation, we transfected 6A/SB1 cells and a human fibrosarcoma-derived cell line (SHAC) with a fibulin-1D cDNA expression construct. Transfectants displaying high levels of fibulin-1D were isolated and characterized. Elevated expression of fibulin-1D led to reduced ability to form colonies in soft agar and reduced invasive potential as tested in a matrigel in vitro invasion assay. Furthermore, expression of fibulin-1D resulted in a markedly extended latency in tumor formation in athymic mice. These results indicate that low expression of fibulin-1D plays a role in tumor formation and invasion.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Host TIMP-1 overexpression confers resistance to experimental brain metastasis of a fibrosarcoma cell line.

Within the tumor-stromal microenvironment a disrupted balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors compromises the integrity of the extracellular matrix and promotes malignancy. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have been linked to tumor suppression in studies of genetically altered tissue culture cells and in analyses of clinical specimens in situ. We generated transgenic mice as a model system to test the relationship between TIMP-1 levels in a host organ and susceptibility to experimentally targeted metastasis. Ectopically overexpressed TIMP-1 in the brain resulted in a tissue microenvironment with elevated protein levels of this natural MMP inhibitor. Metastatic challenge provided by lacZ-tagged fibrosarcoma cells permitted high-resolution analysis of metastatic load and pattern. We found that elevated host TIMP-1 imposed resistance to experimental metastasis of fibrosarcoma: In TIMP-1 overexpressing mice, brain metastases were significantly reduced by 75% compared to wild-type littermates. Our findings demonstrate that ectopic TIMP-1 expression efficiently exerts a suppressive effect on metastasizing tumor cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Increased E1AF expression in mouse fibrosarcoma promotes metastasis through induction of MT1-MMP expression.

In this study, we investigated the role of E1AF, a member of ets family transcription factor, in the acquisition of metastatic capacity by non-metastatic mouse fibrosarcoma cell clone, QR-32. The QR-32 cell clone grows progressively after co-implantation with gelatin sponge in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. The cell lines (QRsP) established from arising tumors after the co-implantation exhibited enhanced tumorigenicity and pulmonary metastasis in vivo as compared with parent QR-32 cells. The enhanced pulmonary metastasis of QRsP cells was correlated well with augmented production of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and increased expression of membrane-type 1-MMP (MT1-MMP). The QRsP cells also acquired higher chemokinetic activities to fibronectin and higher invasive activities through a reconstituted basement membrane. Furthermore we observed the elevated mRNA expression of E1AF in QRsP cells compared to parent QR-32 cells. Therefore, we transfected QR-32 cells with E1AF cDNA. Overexpression of E1AF in the QR-32 cells resulted in the induction of MT1-MMP expression and converting an exogenously added precursor MMP-2 into active form. E1AF transfectants exhibited more motile and invasive activities, and moderately increased pulmonary metastatic activities than parental QR-32 cells in vivo, although their metastatic activities were lower than those of QRsP cells. These findings suggest that the increased expression of E1AF in fibrosarcoma contributes to invasive phenotypes including MT1-MMP expression and enhanced cell migration, but not sufficient for exhibiting highly metastatic activity in vivo.

Adenovirus E1A Proteins↗

PubMed1996

Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma.

A case of sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma arising in the thigh of a 40-year-old man is reported. This recently described sarcoma has a distinctive histological appearance which may cause confusion with a variety of other sarcomas with an epithelioid pattern, and indeed with benign soft tissue tumours showing hyalinization. Despite its bland cytology, sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma is capable of metastases, often several years after surgical removal. The patient described here developed lung metastases five years after excision and remains alive a further three years later. The differential diagnosis and possible histogenesis are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Metastasizing fibrosarcoma in a Wistar rat--case report.

A 19-month-old male control Wistar rat from a 30-month inhalation study showed a subcutaneous greyish-white mass extending from the throat to the thoracic cavity. The rat had been euthanized because of its poor general condition. Histologically, the mass was diagnosed as a fibrosarcoma infiltrating the masseter muscle with metastases in the lungs, liver and heart. The primary tumour was characterized by fusiform spindle cells producing various amounts of interlacing bundles of collagen. The cells formed a characteristic herringbone pattern and mitotic figures were frequent. The histological parameters of the metastases were practically identical to those seen in the primary tumour. The diagnosis was confirmed by trichrome staining and positive immunostaining for vimentin and was differentiated from leiomyosarcomas by its negative immunostaining for desmin, from schwannomas by its negative immunostaining for S-100 and from malignant fibrous histiocytomas by the absence of giant cells. The incidence of fibrosarcomas in Wistar rats is very low (up to 3%) and metastasis is rarely observed.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Ovarian fibrosarcoma producing multiple cytokines.

A case of ovarian fibrosarcoma producing multiple cytokines is presented. The tumor occurred in the left ovary of a Japanese woman with epigastralgia, remittent fever, leukocytosis and slight thrombocytosis with moderate increase of mast cells in bone marrow, but lack of hormonal abnormality. The resected tumor of the ovary was well encapsulated and it was composed of spindle-shaped tumor cells and scattered tubules with marked mast cell infiltration. The tumor recurred in the pelvic cavity 14 months later, accompanied by similar signs and symptoms as occurred with the primary tumor. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were elevated. The recurrent tumor showed similar histological findings to those of the primary tumor, except for lack of tubules. Tumor cells revealed a focally positive immunoreaction for vimentin, IL-6 and TNF-alpha and alpha-inhibin. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using total RNA obtained from the recurrent tumor demonstrated mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha and stem cell factor. This is a rare case of ovarian fibrosarcoma producing multiple cytokines, resulting in atypical clinical findings.

Cytokines↗