PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “GASTROINTESTINAL NEOPLASMS”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Preoperative colonoscopic diagnosis of villous adenoma of the appendix. Report of a case and review of the literature.

This case of villous adenoma of the appendix reported is unique by virtue of its having been diagnosed preoperatively using colonoscopy. Only 45 such lesions have been described previously, and a review of those cases reveals that 93 percent were discovered at appendectomy performed either incidentally or for acute appendicitis. The malignant potential of this entity is unknown and its treatment is controversial. Because of a report association between adenomas of the appendix and other gastrointestinal neoplasms, long-term surveillance is recommended.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2002

The surgical management of metastatic melanoma.

When deciding whether or not to perform a resection for metastatic melanoma, one should follow general principles that apply to the patient with melanoma as well as to the patient with metastases from other types of primary tumors. When the resection is palliative, the success of surgical treatment will be governed by the presence of identifiable symptoms, the morbidity of the procedure, the course of the disease, and the ability to communicate treatment goals among surgeon, patient, and family. When the resection is performed with curative intent, long-term survival depends on the ability of the surgeon to select patients with a pattern of recurrence suggestive of a less aggressive tumor biology. Regardless of the extent of the operative procedure, resection of metastases in patients whose disease recurs early after the treatment of the primary tumor, in those who present with multiple lesions, and in those who present with disease that cannot be completely resected will only rarely be associated with subsequent long-term survival.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Clinical effects of enteral and parenteral nutrition preceding cancer surgery.

Parenteral and enteral nutrition have become major tools in the nutritional management of cancer patients perioperatively. The purpose of this article is to see if there is evidence from prospective controlled trials that parenteral and enteral nutrition preceding cancer surgery are of clinical benefit. From our investigation and from 8 other controlled, randomized clinical investigations the following conclusions can be drawn: Parenteral and enteral nutrition preceding cancer surgery improve nutritional parameters; Parenteral and enteral nutrition preceding cancer surgery may decrease postoperative morbidity and mortality, but this beneficial effect may not be limited to malnourished patients; If enteral nutrition can provide the same amount of proteins and calories as parenteral nutrition can, parenteral and enteral nutrition are equal with regard to clinical effects.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed2005

Prospective clinical trials of biotherapies in solid tumors: a 5-year survey.

PURPOSE: To review the content and quality of prospective clinical trials of biotherapies in solid tumors. METHODS: Data were collected from the literature between 1990 and 2002 on general study characteristics, patient and disease factors, study methodology, and factors related to completeness of reporting. Quality of phase II studies was evaluated by an ad hoc questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, contingency tables, and the chi-square test were applied. RESULTS: A total of 334 studies were selected, of which about three quarters were multicenter, with 42.5% reporting phase I, 42.2% phase II or I/II, and 11.9% phase III or II/III studies. Only 13.7% were randomized, and a study design emphasizing statistical analysis was lacking in as many as one third. The assessment of biological endpoints was stated as the primary or secondary goal in half of these studies. Melanoma (17.1%), renal carcinoma (11.1%), gastrointestinal neoplasms (11.1%), and lymphomas (6.3%) were the most studied diseases. Immunotherapies accounted for 182 studies; the remaining 152 reported other biotherapies. Patients with (1) advanced disease (P = 0.003), (2) heavily pretreated neoplasms (P < 0.0001), (3) poor performance status (PS < 2) (P < 0.0001), were more frequently enrolled in studies of biotherapy. Biotherapies were less frequently evaluated in phase III studies (7/152) compared with immunotherapies (33/182) (P < 0.0001). A statistical study design was more frequently identified in biotherapy trials (127/152) compared with immunotherapy trials (98/182) (P < 0.0001). Biological endpoints were less frequently evaluated in phase III studies in both biotherapies (100% no vs 0% yes) and immunotherapies (81.8% no vs 18.2% yes) (P = 0.01, for biotherapies; P < 0.0001, for immunotherapies). Phase I immunotherapy studies more frequently applied biological or molecular criteria for patient selection (41.1%) than phase II (29.3%) and III (3.1%) studies (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The very wide diversity in modalities of conducting and reporting clinical trials of biotherapies of solid tumors and the presence of some methodological pitfalls suggest that the methodological standards for conducting and publishing clinical trials in biotherapies should be improved to enhance the reliability of the body of published data.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed2002

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase expression in preoperative biopsy and surgically resected specimens of gastric carcinoma.

PURPOSE: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is most commonly used to treat patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms, including gastric carcinoma. Dihydroxypyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), an enzyme involved in metabolism of 5-FU, is a key factor determining the sensitivity of the tumors to 5-FU. Particularly when preoperative chemotherapy based on 5-FU is attempted, it is critical to know in advance how much DPD the tumor expresses. We investigated preoperative biopsy and surgically resected specimens of gastric carcinomas immunohistochemically for the expression of DPD. METHODS: The study group comprised 55 advanced gastric carcinoma patients who had undergone surgery. Sections of the biopsy and resected specimens were immunostained with anti-DPD polyclonal antibody. DPD immunoreactivity was classified into four groups based on staining intensity expressed as DPD score. We compared the DPD scores of the biopsy specimens with those of the resected specimens. The possible associations between DPD score and survival rate or clinicopathological parameters, including prognostic factors, were also analyzed. RESULTS: The DPD scores of the biopsy specimens correlated with those of the resected specimens (kappa=0.456). In agreement with previous reports, the DPD scores of the gastric carcinomas were not associated with prognosis or with any clinicopathological factor. CONCLUSIONS: It is considered that immunohistochemical analysis of DPD expression in gastric carcinoma using biopsied tissue is a technically feasible method to assess the expression of DPD in the tumor prior to surgical resection.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Extrahepatic spread of hepatocellular carcinoma: a pictorial review.

Although extrahepatic spread of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is uncommon, it can be found anywhere in the body. Most extrahepatic metastases of HCC occur in patients with advanced-stage intrahepatic tumor, but incidental extrahepatic lesions have also occasionally been found in patients with early-stage intrahepatic HCC. The detection of extrahepatic metastatic disease is crucial when planning therapy for patients with HCC and should be used to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention. In this study we illustrate the radiologic findings of extrahepatic metastases of HCC involving various sites. The presumed mechanism of extrahepatic extension of HCC is also discussed.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed2004

Synchronous gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal manifestations of different subtypes of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: CT, MRI and pathological features.

We describe a case of an unusual multicentric appearance of an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, consisting of multiple gastrointestinal masses with different growth patterns and simultaneous, distant, musculoskeletal manifestations. CT and MR imaging features demonstrated a different degree of lesion enhancement, which proved histologically to be related to an alternation of predominantly spindle cell areas with a myxoid-vascular IMT subtype. A clear separation of the imaging characteristics of this tumor's subtypes by correlation with the pathology was not possible because of the mixed histologic character of the tumor in all its locations. However, MRI signal in the T2-weighted sequence was lower in the spindle cell variant localized predominantly in the musculoskeletal system, while the gastrointestinal predominantly myxoid-vascular counterparts showed slightly higher signal in the T2-weighted sequence.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Gastric-type well-differentiated adenocarcinoma and pyloric gland adenoma of the stomach.

Since 1985, when gastric-type well-differentiated adenocarcinomas were demonstrated in hyperplastic polyps of the stomach, we have studied phenotypic expression in gastrointestinal epithelial lesions. The recent discovery of MUC genes coding core proteins of mucin has improved research on the phenotypic expression of gastrointestinal neoplasms. The disease entity of gastric-type well-differentiated adenocarcinoma has recently been accepted, especially in Japan and Europe. This entity has often become a clinicopathological subject of discussion, because its biological behavior is possibly highly malignant, in spite of the difficulty in making endoscopic and histopathological diagnoses. Even under these circumstances, the term "gastric adenoma" usually means flat adenoma of the intestinal type. Gastric-type adenomas have been regarded as exceptional until recently. Although gastric-type adenomas could theoretically be classified into foveolar type and pyloric-gland type, foveolar-type adenoma is, in practice, difficult to distinguish from gastric-foveolar-type adenocarcinoma. In 2003, we first reported systematic clinicopathological analyses of pyloric gland adenoma, demonstrating its unstable and precancerous nature. In this article, we review and discuss the clinicopathological and molecular pathological aspects of gastric-type well-differentiated adenocarcinomas and pyloric gland adenomas, mainly based on our published and unpublished data.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2006

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours: experience with multislice CT.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibilities of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in the identification and characterisation of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: MSCT images of 27 patients affected by GIST were analysed. MSCT scans were performed before and after contrast medium injection, and bowel distension was obtained with the administration of water, air or a diluted Gastrografin solution. Images were evaluated for presence and site of the tumour, origin and growth pattern relative to the bowel wall, density, relationship with adjacent structures and evidence of lymph nodes and metastases. RESULTS: GISTs were located in the stomach in 18/27 patients, in the small bowel in seven, in the oesophagus in one and in the rectum in one. Tumour size ranged from 1.5 cm to 21 cm. An extramucosal origin was definitely established in 23/27 cases. In 15/27 cases, the lesions exhibited extramural growth, and in 17/27 cases, they were homogeneous after contrast medium injection. The borders were regular in 17 cases. Hepatic metastases were detected in 5/27 cases, and lymphadenomegaly was found in one case only. CONCLUSIONS: Nowadays, MSCT can be considered an essential tool for the diagnosis of GISTs, as it enables one to detect the disease, define its relationships and search for possible metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Small bowel tumors.

Primary tumors of the small bowel are rare, and their clinical presentation is nonspecific. Consequently, preoperative diagnosis remains the exception rather than the rule. Although the small intestine makes up 75% of the length and 90% of the surface area of the gastrointestinal tract, small bowel tumors make up approximately 3% of all malignant gastrointestinal neoplasms. Primary neoplasms of the small intestine are notorious for their insidious presentation and vague symptoms, including abdominal pain, anorexia, and weight loss. These nonspecific symptoms, coupled with the lack of physical findings, often cause a significant delay in reaching a diagnosis. Because the small bowel has been a relatively inaccessible area to standard endoscopic techniques, contrast radiography has been regarded historically as the gold standard diagnostic modality. The management of primary malignant small bowel tumors is invariably surgical. However, adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be warranted, depending on the type of tumor.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2003

Recent advances in malignant bowel obstruction: an interface of old and new.

Malignant bowel obstruction continues to be a difficult problem for patients with abdominal and pelvic primary tumors and tumors originating in other sites. The main treatment options consist of surgery, stenting, and pharmacotherapy. Despite recent advances, the impact of available treatment modalities on symptom control, longevity, quality of life, and associated health care costs have not been evaluated rigorously. This article reviews the available data and suggests an approach to the management of this challenging patient population.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗