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Results for “GINGIVAL DISEASES”

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PubMed1997

Perineural fibrous thickening within the dental pulp in type 1 neurofibromatosis: a case report.

A case of type 1 neurofibromatosis is presented that illustrates oral manifestations and their role in the diagnosis of this condition. The oral lesions may be overlooked in the diagnosis of intraoral swellings. This case documents the finding of perineural fibrous thickening within the dental pulp. Such changes may indicate pulpal involvement in neurofibromatosis and the effect of a genetically transmitted disorder upon the pulp.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Quantification of gingival edema using a new 3-D laser scanning method.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate the suitability of measuring volume differences in the gingival tissue for monitoring changes in the inflammatory status of the gingiva. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data for this investigation were obtained from a mouthrinse evaluation which was performed as a 4-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study in which localised experimental gingivitis was induced. 24 volunteers were enrolled in the study. Only the data from the placebo period of each subject were used in the current investigation. During the plaque accumulation periods, plaque guards were worn during routine performance of oral hygiene measures to prevent any plaque removal from the experimental area (1st and 2nd premolars and molars in one upper quadrant). Clinical examinations with assessment of plaque and gingivitis were performed on days 0, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42. Volume differences in the gingival papillae were determined between day 0 and days 21, 28, and 42, and between days 28 and 42 by taking measurements from replicas of the respective clinical situations using a 3-D laser scanner and reference-free automated 3-D superimposition software. Data were analysed with the Wilcoxon signed ranks test. RESULTS: Plaque accumulation in the experimental area resulted in a highly significant increase (p<0.001) of inflammation of the gingival papillae. The mean (standard deviation) papillary GI at baseline was 0.23 (0.34) as compared to 1.22 (0.27) and 1.2 (0.31) on days 21 and 28, respectively. The mean increase in volume of all papillae as compared to baseline was 25,478 micrometer3 after 21 days and 24,210 micrometer3 after 28 days. After resuming a normal oral hygiene regimen, mean volume of the papillae decreased between days 28 and 42 by 19,250 micrometer3. CONCLUSION: With this novel method, gingival papillary edema can be quantified in vivo from replicas of the clinical situation.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Childhood oral pemphigoid: a case report and review of the literature.

Oral pemphigoid, defined as cicatricial pemphigoid limited to the oral cavity, is a clinical subset of cicatricial pemphigoid. Like cicatricial pemphigoid, it occurs mostly in middle-aged women and it is uncommon in children under 20 years of age. There are 11 cases of childhood cicatricial pemphigoid published previously in the English language literature, and four of them are oral pemphigoid patients. We present a case of the youngest oral pemphigoid patient reported yet. Because of the rareness of cicatricial pemphigoid in children, delayed diagnosis and treatment have been shown in many cases reported earlier. Clinical awareness and early recognition are, therefore, emphasized.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus manifesting with localized loss of periodontal attachment.

Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA) is a chronic mucocutaneous inflammatory disorder of uncertain aetiology that is clinically characterized by the appearance of well delimited white plaques or papules, preferentially affecting the skin and genitals, and more rarely the oral cavity. We present the case of a woman with LSA limited to the oral cavity in the form of a well delimited, flat whitish lesion affecting the vestibular gingiva of the right upper incisors and left central incisor, and extending towards the vestibular fundus and frenulum of the upper lip. Widening of the periodontal space was observed, with gingival recession and attachment loss limited to these teeth. Local corticosteroid injections caused the mucosal lesion but not the periodontal alterations to resolve. Emphasis is placed on the importance of knowledge of this condition in relation to establishing a diagnosis, and on its periodontal repercussions.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Oral lesions indicative of plasminogen deficiency (hypoplasminogenemia).

BACKGROUND: Gingival overgrowth with ulceration has recently been recorded in 4 reports: (1) our report of a British patient with ligneous conjunctivitis in whom the gingival lesions appeared to be related to tranexamic acid-an antifibrinolytic agent; (2) a report of 2 Turkish patients and an Italian patient with mainly gingival lesions; (3) our report of 5 Turkish patients with mainly gingival lesions; and (4) a report of 3 new Turkish cases, which also were associated with gingival lesions and alveolar bone loss. These patients all had gingival swellings, and a minority had conjunctival involvement similar to ligneous conjunctivitis, although the etiology was unclear in all. Nevertheless, fibrin exudation was fundamental because the hyaline or amyloidaceous material seen on the gingival biopsy stained for fibrin but failed to stain for amyloid. METHODS: We have examined 6 more patients who exhibited gingival swelling caused by amyloidaceous deposits that stained only for fibrin, and we assayed their plasminogen levels. RESULTS: The plasminogen functional activity assayed in these 6 additional patients, and in 2 of the 5 patients previously reported by us, was significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Gingival overgrowth with ulceration appears to be a new complication caused by plasminogen deficiency; it also appears to be related to ligneous conjunctivitis in some cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Adolescent gingival squamous cell carcinoma: Report of a case and review of the literature.

In this article we describe a case of adolescent squamous cell carcinoma of the gingiva. The tumor presented as an ulcerative lesion of the gingiva that was originally thought to be pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia. The pathologic differentiation between squamous cell carcinoma and pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia is discussed and a review of the literature with respect to pediatric and adolescent oral squamous cell carcinoma is presented. The reported case illustrates the difficulties that may be encountered in attempting to histopathologically distinguish between pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Prevalence of oral lesions in Mexican children with perinatally acquired HIV: association with immunologic status, viral load, and gender.

It has been proposed that HIV-related oral lesions (HIV-ROL) have a significant diagnostic and prognostic value for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in adult patients. However, in HIV-infected children, the relation between HIV-ROL and immune and virologic status is not well established. The principal objective of this paper is to assess the prevalence of HIV-related oral lesions (HIV-ROL) in Mexican HIV-infected children in relation to their immunologic status, viral load, and gender. Forty-eight HIV-infected children from Immunodeficiency Clinic, Child's Hospital of México, México City, were examined for oral pathology. The data obtained from medical records were: name, gender, age, route of infection, CD4 lymphocytes cells count/mL, HIV-1-RNA level of copies/mL (viral load), and type and time of treatment. The prevalence of HIV-ROL was 29.2%. Oral candidosis was the most prevalent oral lesion (20.8%) followed by periodontal and gingival disease (4.2%), herpes simplex (2.1%), and parotid enlargement (2.1%). There was no association between the prevalence of HIV-ROL and gender, immunological status, or viral load. The most frequent clinical form of oral candidosis was erythematous candidosis (12.5%, N = 6). Our results do not suggest a direct relationship between prevalence of HIV-ROL, severe immunodepression, and/or viral load > 100000 copies in this population.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2005

Congenital epulis.

Congenital epulis is a rare benign hamartoma of the alveolar ridge found in the newborn. The clinical characteristics of this lesion show some variability, and opinion of its pathogenesis lacks consensus. Congenital epulis can cause feeding or respiratory compromise. A case report and review of the literature is presented. The diagnosis, pathology, and treatment are reviewed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2002

Development of a PCR assay specific for Peptostreptococcus anaerobius.

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius is a gram-positive anaerobic coccus that is widely distributed in the normal human flora. The organism has also been implicated as a causative agent of several systemic infections, including endocarditis and infections of the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts. Its role in oral disease is less well defined, although it has been implicated in periodontal disease, gingivitis and root canal infections. Identification of P. anaerobius in clinical samples is currently reliant upon traditional culture and biochemical methods. The aim of this study was to develop a novel PCR assay for the detection of P. anaerobius and to attempt detection of this organism in oral samples. PCR primers specific for P. anaerobius DNA were developed by alignment of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences and selection of sequences specific at their 3' ends for P. anaerobius. When used in a PCR assay, positivity for P. anaerobius DNA was indicated by the amplification of a 943-bp product. The primers were shown to be specific for P. anaerobius DNA, as no PCR products were obtained when genomic DNA from a wide range of other Peptostreptococcus species and other oral bacteria were used as templates. The PCR assay was then applied to the detection of P. anaerobius DNA in subgingival plaque samples from adult periodontitis patients and pus aspirates from subjects with acute dento-alveolar abscesses. All of 60 subgingival plaque samples from 16 patients were negative for P. anaerobius DNA. None of the 43 pus samples analysed contained P. anaerobius DNA. These results suggest that P. anaerobius is not a major pathogen in adult periodontitis and dento-alveolar abscesses. The PCR assay is a more rapid, sensitive and specific alternative to culture-based methods for identification of P. anaerobius in clinical samples.

DNA Primers↗
PubMed1994

An unusual vascular hamartoma on the gingiva of an 11-year-old boy.

A case is reported of an unusual vascular lesion on the gingiva of an 11-year-old boy which clinically and histopathologically did not fit well into any current classification of vascular lesions. The lesion presented as a firm nodular swelling of the buccal and lingual gingiva which had been present for 9 years. The term endovascular papillary haemangioma is suggested. Histopathologically it had features in common with a number of benign vascular lesions, as well as with some more sinister locally-aggressive vascular tumours and angiosarcomas. It is stressed that, although some of these lesions may display features suggestive of malignancy, care should be exercised when making this diagnosis, as in recent years there has been an increase in the recognition and characterization of benign vascular lesions which exhibit unusual features.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck's disease): report of a case in a girl of Brazilian Indian descent.

Summary. Background. This report describes the case of a patient with focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH), a rare but distinctive entity of viral aetiology with characteristic clinical and histopathological features. Case report. The condition is usually seen in children and adolescents of American Indian and Eskimo background. Surgical removal of papillomatous lesions is the treatment of choice, either for aesthetic reasons, or when the lesions interfere with function or are readily traumatized. Recurrence and the site of new lesions are unpredictable, and continued review of the patient is often necessary. The patient described here has been followed for 24 months without recurrences or changes in the aspect of the remaining lesions. Conclusion. This case highlights a possible genetic predilection for FEH, since the patient is a descent of a Brazilian Xavante Indian.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The possible pathogenesis of gingival recession. A histological study of induced recession in the rat.

Stages in the pathogenesis of gingival recession were observed in rats in which pocketing had been induced by replacement of natural incisors with dental implants. Suitable conditions were thus created on the palatal aspect of the implant sockets for recession to occur. The recession process was examined at intervals by taking transverse serial sections. In the epithelial and connective tissues deep to the receding margin, morphological changes were seen which apparently lead to cleft formation and recession. These appeared to be associated with mononuclear cell infiltration of the connective tissue. The study suggests that gingival recession involves a localized inflammatory process which causes breakdown of connective tissue and leads to proliferation of the epithelium into the site of connective tissue destruction. Proliferation of the epithelial cells into the connective tissue brings about a subsidence of the epithelial surface, which is manifest clinically as recession.

Animals↗