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At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1973

The significance of enzyme histochemical patterns in carcinomas of the large intestine in man.

The activities of 13 enzymes in 40 carcinomas of the large bowel have been studied using histochemical techniques. Five enzymes-non-specific esterase, monoamine oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, and acid phosphatase-commonly show much less activity in the tumours than in adjacent normal colon. The tumours have been classified based upon the number of enzymes which show marked reduction in activity in each tumour (types 1-5). The enzyme histochemical type and the size of the tumours have been jointly correlated with the presence of lymph node metastasis. Small type 1 or 2 tumours do not appear to be associated with metastatic disease. Small type 5 tumours were commonly associated with secondary carcinoma in the lymph nodes. Large tumours (greater than 25 sq cm surface area) of any histochemical type were frequently associated with lymph node metastasis. Discussion of the possible reasons for these findings and their clinical significance is presented.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1972

Enzyme response of traumatized tissue after intracortical injection into 5 day old rat brain.

Penetration of a microneedle and injection of 4 μl. saline into the neocortex of the 5 day old rat brain produced no changes in behaviour of the rats up to 21 days post-injection. Within 24 hours sections indicated that tissue damage was apparent only at the pia-arachnoid membrane and where fluid was released; elsewhere the needle pathway was identified by the enzyme response. The enzyme histochemistry showed a marked increase in glial cell activity of some phosphatases within 24 hours at the site of injury; the pia-arachnoid and outer limiting membrane also showed abnormally high phosphatase reactions. NADH(2)-diaphorase was the only dehydrogenase that was raised in some nerve and glial cells at 24 hours post-injection but other dehydrogenases, mainly LDH and SDH, showed changes at four days post-injection. The phosphatases and 5'-nucleotidase previously showing intense glial cell enzyme reactions appeared to reach peaks of activity at eight days, and at 16 days the onset of scarring was apparent. In the pia-arachnoid enzyme activity increased to 21 days. Some enzymes, particularly AChE and MAO, showed no alterations of note throughout.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1973

Histochemistry of enzyme response to trauma in the neocortex and corpus callosum of developing rat brain.

The enzyme response to injury of the brain was well localized and limited. Some enzymes, even in 12 day old brain, increased rapidly, mainly in neocortical glial cells. In the corpus callosum enzymes were not significantly hyperactive before the light myelination stage. Some hyperactivity declined after 21 days. Oxidative processes and phosphate metabolism were most disturbed.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1976

Properties of immobilized guinea pig hindlimb muscles.

Guinea pig hindlimbs were unilaterally immobilized at resting length to evaluate histochemical, biochemical, and contractile properties of immobilized muscle. Contralateral limbs remained unrestrained. Four weeks later contractile properties were measured under chloral hydrate anesthesia. Average time-to-peak tension of the immobilized soleus was 30% less, whereas that of the gastrocnemius was not significantly changed relative to contralateral muscles. Immobilized soleus muscles acquired as much as 25% fibers with high alkaline myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase activity; these fibers do not occur in the normal muscle. Neither the immobilized soleus nor gastrocnemius fatigued more quickly than their contralateral counterparts. In the immobilized gastrocnemius myofibrillar protein (mg/g muscle) decreased to 76% and maximum tetanic tension to 70% of contralateral values. However, tetanic tension per gram wet muscle weight or 100 mg myofibrillar protein was significantly greater in the immobilized gastrocnemius. No specific factor responsible for the increased tetanic tension could be identified.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of physiological and histochemical properties of motor units after cross-reinnervation of antagonistic muscles in the cat hindlimb.

1. Physiological and histochemical properties of the cat ankle extensor muscles, the lateral and medial gastrocnemius, and the soleus were studied after cross-reinnervation by flexor motoneurons. 2. Tibial and common peroneal nerves were cut and cross-united in the popliteal fossa of 2- to 6-mo-old cats. Eighteen to 24 mo later, single motor units were isolated by dissection and stimulation of ventral root filaments and classified into four types: fast-twitch, fatigable (FF), fast-twitch with intermediate fatigue resistance (FI), fast-twitch, fatigue-resistant (FR), and slow, fatigue-resistant (S). Muscle fibers were classified as fast glycolytic (FG), fast, oxidative glycolytic (FOG), and slow oxidative (SO) on the basis of histochemical staining. 3. Although motor-unit force was normally well correlated with the size of the innervating motor axon in the cross-reinnervated muscles, the force of different unit types overlapped considerably. The reinnervated motor units also showed a higher than normal degree of fatigability. 4. The range of muscle unit forces in cross-reinnervated triceps surae muscles was the same as in the normally innervated triceps surae muscles. This range is 2-3 times greater than the flexor muscles, which the common peroneal nerve normally supplies. The range of contraction speed of units in the cross-reinnervated extensor muscles was comparable to that in the flexor muscles, consistent with a motoneuron-specific determination of muscle speed (28). 5. SO and FOG muscle fibers were found in all reinnervated triceps surae muscles, but FG fibers were only found in reinnervated medial gastrocnemius (MG) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) muscles, consistent with previous findings of the resistance of soleus muscles to complete conversion (10, 16, 20, 21). Type grouping of muscle fibers was characteristic of the reinnervated muscles. 6. Reinnervated SO muscle fibers were larger than the corresponding fibers in normally innervated muscles as were the estimated number of muscle fibers innervated by slow motor axons. Nonetheless, the force generated by the S motor units remained relatively smaller than FR and FF units. The relative contributions of the number, cross-sectional area and specific tension to the force generation of reinnervated motor units are discussed.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗